skill set 3: literacy ages and stages of literacy development · ages and stages of literacy...

5 To 6 Year Olds Start Formal Literacy Learning.

• Learn to recall the alphabetic let-ter sounds with accuracy and with speed.

• Learn to “sound out” words and over the year reading should be-come accurate and automatic.

• Are expected to demonstrate their comprehension skills and discuss books they have read or that have been read to them.

• Initially writing is phonetic in nature. Over the year children integrate early phonic concepts such as sh, ch, th, ing, oo, ee. ar, or, all, ck etc. to written tasks.

4 To 5 Year Olds Start To Figure Out How The

Alphabet Works.• They begin to hear the beginning

sound in words. (E.g. ‘sun’ starts with /s/).

• They learn that the sounds they hear at the start and end of words are represented by alphabetic letters. (E.g. /s/ at the start of ‘sun’ is repre-sented by a /s/.

• They are able to tell a story without support.

Children In Year 3 And Above Are Required To

Focus On Comprehension, Writing And The Curriculum.

• Children are required to read and write at length and with relative ease. Children are increasingly expected to read silently rather than aloud and are increasingly expected to write independently.

• The content of reading material becomes much more complex and the focus of reading shifts to developing comprehension skills.

3 To 5 Year Olds Start To Engage In

‘Sound Play’.• They begin to focus on the sounds

within words (phonological aware-ness). 4 year olds begin to appreci-ate and produce rhymes, clap syl-lables in words and start to notice how certain words sound the same.

• They continue to make progress identifying and reproducing letters. They may even be able to write their own name and mix scribble, some letters and drawing in “writ-ing” notes and stories.

• Story telling skills should continue to develop. Their stories should become fairly easy to follow.

Children in Year 2 Start To Acquire

Automatic Processess.• The challenge in Year 2 is to achieve

fluency. This mean reading be-comes “effortless”. It is through lots and lots of reading practice that children become fast and auto-matic readers.

• Writing becomes more automatic and less phonetic as children ac-quire early vowel digraphs such as ou, oa, ow, ir, ur, ue, ew etc.

Skill Set 3: Literacy

Ages and Stages of Literacy

Development

Phonological Awareness resource range.Available from www.pld-literacy.org

160 Stirling Highway, Nedlands WA 6009, AustraliaTel: +61 (08) 9386 7611, Fax: +61 (08) 9389 7232

www.pld-literacy.org, [email protected]

3 Year Olds Start To Discover “Writing”

Around Them.• They become interested in the print

on signs or labels and may come to recognise some of these in particular.

• They may recognise several books by their covers, know the titles, under-stand that they are read from front to back, from left to right and by look-ing at the print rather than just the pictures.

• They may understand that one can use writing for communication through cards and notes, for list mak-ing, for finding television programs in the guide and for a host of other purposes.

• Through focusing on print, 3 year olds start to become familiar with letters and may learn to recognise and name some.

• Story telling skills are important for literacy. 3 year olds should start to move from just requesting and commanding to explaining their experiences and telling stories.

PLD

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Many parents wonder if their child’s reading skills are developing at the normal rate. While there are individual differences, there is a general progression of skill development.It is recommended that if you child has not attained the skills outlined for his/her age, that a school-based meeting be scheduled. Following this, it is likely that a referral to a specialist (e.g. Speech and Language Pathologist) may be necessary to provide an in-depth check on your child’s development. Research clearly states that the earlier interven-tion commences the better the outcomes for the child.


Stage 1 (or Year 1) Decoding and Spelling Skill Checklist

Alphabet Patterns Applied To Simple CVC Words

s a t p i n c h e r m d

g o u l f b w x j z v y k

Medial Vowels a e i o u

Phonic Sounds

sh ch th wh ee oo ck qu ay

all ing or ar er ai oi oy

Initial Consonant Clusters

cr dr fr gr tr sc sk sm sn

sp st sw tw

Final Consonant Clusters -ft -ld -nd -ng/ing -nk -st -sk -nt -mp

Stage 1 (or Year 1) Sight Words

Regular Alphabet Sight Words I a in at it is am on

up us if its cat hot red ten

can mum big dad dog get yes not

him did ran got sun but had man

sit cut run let six yet bed stop

must best and from just went help long

jump old hold best

Sight Words Incorporating Stage 1 Phonic Knowledge that this then with much wish thank see

them today day may say play way away

will tell look good pick bring sing things

soon he three sleep keep sheep green been

well me be we she will the so

no go going to do or for her

Irregular Sight Words or Words Incorporating Complex Phonics my by they said of you was like

come some are here have his your

PLD Organisation Pty. Ltd.

Recommended resources for

Stage 1 (or Year 1) Decoding and Spelling Skills.

Available from www.pld-literacy.org

160 Stirling Highway, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia, Tel: +61 (08) 9386 7611, Fax: +61 (08) 9389 7232 www.pld-literacy.org, [email protected]



CCVCC and Tri-blends

scr spl spr str shr thr squ

-nch -ang -ong -old

Double Consonants ff ll ss zz

Long Vowels a-e e-e i-e o-e u-e

Phonic Patterns

oa oe ow ie ue ew ea ow ou

aw ind ir ur y as ‘i’ and ‘e’

Silent Letters kn

Suffixes -ly -er -s -ing -ed -es


think drink still less well off all call

fall small seven upon open which car far

part start over under sister never every kind

find saw draw black make came name home

gave ate take made those these ride five

time life own inside better when why blue

try fly until asleep lunch which next house

our out around round about found again now

brown down how very boy girl first little

each clean read yellow know show grow

as has put your even one two more

some year of/off both want here have there

where were goes what live four come








Phonic Sounds

-ace ice air are ear any alk be-

or as ‘er’ kle ple tle zle eer ear

e -y dge ge -igh oar oor ore

our -ould qu- -tch ph ea as ‘e’

Silent Letters b

Suffixes -ing -er -ed -en -ed -ful -fully -ier

Contractions n’t ’ll ’s ’m ’ve ’re


knew few didn’t might sight

night high right around know

window would(n’t) could(n’t) should(n’t) white

while these please before happy

told number write think along

asleep better family across morning

place use started Thursday Saturday

Sunday March May June September

October November

push full pull always last

fast because great can’t don’t

also any between coming work

once water brother mother father

after walk many funny carry

their eight who once ask(ed)

eyes something only Mr. Mrs.

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Friday January

February April July December August








Sounds That Change

a as ‘ar’ a as ‘o’ c as ‘s’ ch as ‘k’ g as ‘j’

i as ‘i-e’ o as ‘u’ or as ‘er’ s as ‘sh’ u as ‘oo’/‘i’

y as ‘i-e’/‘i’

Phonic Patterns age nct wr ear use au augh ough

sion tion ation ician ain alf ine our

ture ie

Silent Letters c l t u


air any anyone anything change

clothes fire garden follow following

high important since opened own

owned lady tries turned why

whole word work worm thought

bought brought swimming money nothing

other another used together began

write after let’s presents large

wash half often baby

almost always above different during

does earth enough gone goes

friend heard island sure second

young surprise through though minute

people paper balloon both laugh

done pretty warm beautiful answer

children police later strange








Phonics

ac mm ll rr ss

tt -er/re -ou as ‘u’ c as ‘sh’ -ial

ious/cious Silent ‘c’

Prefixes bi cir com ex in mis trans

Suffixes -able/ible/uble al ant ent es ment ship

Homophones weight-wait aisle-isle celery-salary sent/cent/scent current/currant foul/fowl guessed/guest key/quay patience/patients queue/cue cheque/check thyme/time vain/vane/vein weather/whether yolk/yoke berth/birth cord/chord dual/duel idol/idle pact/packed prophet/profit tear/tier cereal/serial pane/pain weight/wait wail/whale allowed/aloud berry/bury course/coarse reign/rain/rein

Words That Are Commonly Misspelt

happened thought that’s dinner there/their/they’re

beginning where/we’re were always surprise

received until our sure off/of

your/you’re something looked allowed pretty

believe together frightened interesting different

wanted hear/here bought money dropped

jumped children friend(s) every before

four/for/forty another threw animals woman/women

know/knew beautiful ask(ed) people clothes

through/threw all right cousin babies heard/herd

caught again stopped tried many

it’s/its around prefer an laugh

people paper balloon both February

getting mother would could should

school both let’s two/to/too because

swimming started






skill set 3: literacy ages and stages of literacy development · ages and stages of literacy...

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