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AQA Biology AS: Glossary Worksheets
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Skills in Biology
Accuracy:
ANOVA:
Assumptions:
Bar and column graph:
Bibliography:
Biological drawings:
Chi-squared test:
Citing sources:
Compare:
Conclusion:
Contrast:
Control:
Controlled variable:
Correlation:
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AQA Biology AS: Skills in Biology
Critically evaluate:
Data collection:
Data value:
Data:
Datalogger:
Define:
Dependent variable:
Describe:
Descriptive statistic:
Discuss:
Evaluate:
Experiment:
Explain:
Frequency histogram:
Graphs:
Histogram:
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AQA Biology AS: Skills in Biology
Hypothesis:
Identify:
Illustrate:
Independent variable:
Introduction:
Investigation:
Kite graph:
Line graph:
Line of best fit:
List:
Measurement error:
Median:
Method:
Mode:
Negative correlation:
Null hypothesis:
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AQA Biology AS: Skills in Biology
Objective measurement:
Observation:
Outline:
Parameter:
Pie graph:
Pilot study:
Positive correlation:
Precision:
Prediction:
Qualititative:
Quantitative:
Random sample:
Range:
Raw data:
Repeat:
Replicate:
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Resolution:
Results:
Sample size:
Sampling unit:
Scatter diagram:
Scientific method:
Semi-quantitative:
SI units:
Significant figures:
Sources of error:
Standard deviation:
State:
Statistic:
Statistical significance:
Suggest:
Summarise:
AQA Biology AS: Skills in Biology
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Systematically record:
Tables:
Transformed data:
Treatments:
Trend:
Validity:
Variable:
Variance:
x axis:
y axis:
AQA Biology AS: Skills in Biology
AQA Biology AS: Glossary Worksheets
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Macromolecules and Human Digestion
Absorption:
Activation energy:
Active site:
Adsorption:
Allosteric inhibitor:
Amino acid:
Anabolism:
Anus:
Appendix:
Assimilation:
Autonomic nervous system:
Benedict's test:
Bile:
Biochemical tests:
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AQA Biology AS: Macromolecules & Human Digestion
Biological catalyst:
Biuret test:
Blood vessels:
Bolus:
Caecum:
Carbohydrate:
Catabolism:
Catalyst:
Cellulose:
Cholecystokinin:
Chromatography:
Chyme:
Coenzyme:
Cofactor:
Colon:
Competitive inhibition:
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AQA Biology AS: Macromolecules & Human Digestion
Condensation reactions:
Denaturation:
Disaccharide:
Digestion:
Dipeptides:
Egestion:
Emulsion test:
Endergonic:
Enzyme-product complex:
Enzymes:
Enzyme-substrate complex:
Epithelial cells:
Essential amino acids:
Exergonic:
Gastrin:
Glycogen:
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AQA Biology AS: Macromolecules & Human Digestion
Heavy metals:
Hepatic portal system:
Hydrolysis:
Induced fit:
Intestinal glands:
Intestinal villi:
Iodine test:
Isomerism:
Large intestine:
Lock and key model:
Lymph vessels:
Mastication:
Metabolism:
Microvilli:
Monosaccaride:
Mucous cells:
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Non-competitive inhibition:
Non-reducing sugars:
Pancreatic juice:
Pancreozymin:
Parasympathetic stimulation:
Peptide bonds:
Peristalsis:
Polypeptides:
Polysaccaride:
Primary structure:
Quaternary structure:
Rectum:
Reducing sugars:
Satiety centre:
Secondary structure:
Secretin:
AQA Biology AS: Macromolecules & Human Digestion
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Small intestine:
Specificity:
Starch:
Stomach:
Substrate:
Tertiary structure:
Vagus nerve:
AQA Biology AS: Macromolecules & Human Digestion
AQA Biology AS: Glossary Worksheets
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Cell Structure and Function
Bacilli:
Bacterial cell:
Bacterial chromosome:
Bacterial conjugation:
Binocular:
Capsule:
Cell fractionation:
Cell wall:
Cell:
Centriole:
Chief cells:
Cocci:
Compound microscope:
Cytoplasm:
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Density gradient centrifugation:
Desmosomes:
Electron microscope:
Endoplasmic reticulum:
Eukaryote:
Fimbriae:
Flagella:
Gastric glands:
Gastric pits:
Generalised cell:
Glycocalyx:
Goblet cells:
Golgi apparatus:
Gram stain:
Intestinal epithelial cell:
Intestinal glands:
AQA Biology AS: Cell Structure & Function
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AQA Biology AS: Cell Structure & Function
Location:
Lysozyme:
Magnification:
Microvilli:
Mitochondria:
Mounting:
Mucous cells:
Nucleolus:
Nucleus:
Optical microscope:
Organelle:
Parietal cells:
Peptidoglycan:
Plasma membrane:
Plasmid:
Prokaryote:
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Relative size:
Resolution:
Ribosome:
Scanning electron microscopy:
Sectioning:
Sex pilus:
Spirilla:
Staining:
Stains:
Stereo light microscope:
Temporary mount:
Transmission electron microscopy:
Ultracentrifugation:
Ultramicrotome:
Vacuole:
Vibrio:
AQA Biology AS: Cell Structure & Function
AQA Biology AS: Glossary Worksheets
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Processes Across Exchange Surfaces
Active transport:
Autolysis:
Cell division:
Cellular respiration:
Cholera bacterium:
Cholesterol:
Concentration gradient:
Condensation:
Contransport:
Cytosis:
Diffusion:
Emulsion test:
Endocytosis:
Ester bonds:
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AQA Biology AS: Processes Across Exchange Surfaces
Exocytosis:
Facilitated diffusion:
Fats:
Fick's law:
Flaccid:
Fluid-mosaic model:
Golgi apparatus:
Hypertonic:
Ion-exchange pump:
Hypotonic:
Isotonic:
Lipid bilayer:
Macromolecules:
Metabolism:
Mitochondria:
Neutral fat:
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AQA Biology AS: Processes Across Exchange Surfaces
Nuclear membrane:
Oils:
Oral rehydration solution:
Osmosis:
Passive transport:
Phagocytosis:
Phospholipid:
Photosynthesis:
Pinocytosis:
Plasma membrane:
Plasmolysis:
Pressure potential:
Prokaryotic cells:
Protein synthesis:
Proteins:
Proton pump:
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Saturated fatty acid:
Secretion:
Sodium-potassium pump:
Steroid:
Triglyceride:
Turgor:
Unsaturated fatty acid:
Water potential:
Waxes:
AQA Biology AS: Processes Across Exchange Surfaces
AQA Biology AS: Glossary Worksheets
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Gas Exchange at the Lungs
Alveoli:
Alveolus:
Asbestosis:
Asthma:
Breathing rate:
Breathing:
Bronchi:
Bronchiole:
Cartilage:
Cellular respiration:
Cilia:
Ciliated epithelium:
Diaphragm:
Diffusion:
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AQA Biology AS: Gas Exchange at the Lungs
Elastic fibres:
Emphysema:
Expiration:
Fibrosis:
Fick’s Law:
Gas exchange surfaces:
Gas exchange:
Goblet cells:
Haemoglobin:
Inspiration:
Intercostal muscles:
Lung cancer:
Lung capillary:
Lungs:
Mitochondria:
Myoglobin:
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AQA Biology AS: Gas Exchange at the Lungs
Nicotine:
Occupational lung diseases:
Passive smoking:
Pleural membranes:
Pulmonary ventilation rate:
Pulmonary ventilation:
Respiratory gases:
Respiratory membrane:
Silicosis:
Smooth muscle cells:
Spirometer:
Surfactant:
Tidal volume:
Trachea:
Tuberculosis:
Vital capacity:
AQA Biology AS: Glossary Worksheets
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The Human Heart
Aorta:
Aortic aneurysm:
Aortic reflex:
Atherosclerosis:
Atria:
Atrial systole:
Atrioventricular node:
Atrioventricular valves:
Autonomic nervous system:
Bainbridge reflex:
Bicuspid valve:
Blood volume:
Bundle of His:
Cardiac cycle:
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AQA Biology AS: The Human Heart
Cardiac output:
Cardiovascular disease:
Carotid reflex:
Chordae tendinae:
Coronary artery:
Coronary heart disease:
Diastole:
Electrocardiogram (ECG):
Endurance:
Heart rate:
Hypertension:
Intrinsic heart rate:
Lubb-dupp:
Mediastinum:
Myocardial infarction:
Myogenic:
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AQA Biology AS: The Human Heart
Pacemaker:
Parasympathetic nervous stimulation:
Pericardium:
Plaques:
Pulmonary artery:
Pulse:
Purkinje fibres:
Recovery:
Resting systolic blood pressure:
Risk factors:
Semilunar valves:
Septum:
Sinoatrial node:
Stroke volume:
Sympathetic nervous stimulation:
Systole:
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Tricuspid valve:
Valve defects:
Vena cava:
Venous return:
Ventricle:
Ventricular systole:
AQA Biology AS: The Human Heart
AQA Biology AS: Glossary Worksheets
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Immunology
ABO blood group system:
Acellular vaccine:
Active immunity:
Adjuvants:
Agglutination:
Antibodies:
Antigen:
Antigenic drifts:
Antigenic variability:
Artificially acquired immunity:
Attenuated viruses:
Autoimmune disorder:
B lymphocyte:
Basophil:
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AQA Biology AS: Immunology
Blood groups:
Blood transfusion:
Cell-mediated immune response:
Cell-mediated immunity:
Chill:
Clonal selection:
Clotting:
Complement:
Conjugated vaccine:
Cytotoxic T cells:
Diagnostic medicine:
Eosinophil:
Epidemic:
Epidemiology:
Erythrocyte:
Fever:
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AQA Biology AS: Immunology
Fibrin:
Fibrinogen:
Granulocyte:
Haemostasis:
Helper T cells:
Herd immunity:
Human chorionic gonadotropin:
Humoral immune response:
Humoral immunity:
Immune response:
Immunisation:
Immunoglobulin:
Immunological memory:
Inactivated vaccine:
Incidence:
Inflammation:
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AQA Biology AS: Immunology
Inflammatory response:
Influenza:
Innate resistance:
Interferon:
Interluekin-1:
Leucocyte:
Live vaccine:
Lymphatic system:
Lymphocyte:
Macrophage:
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC):
Memory cells:
Metabolism:
Monoclonal antibodies:
Monocyte:
Naturally acquired immunity:
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Neutrophil:
Non-specific defence mechanism:
Non-specific resistance:
Outbreak:
Pandemic:
Passive immunity:
Phagocyte:
Phagocytosis:
Plasma:
Platelet:
Prevalence:
Primary response:
Prothrombin:
Recombinant DNA technology:
Recombinant vaccine:
Resistance:
AQA Biology AS: Immunology
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Rh blood group system:
Secondary response:
Self tolerance:
Self-recognition:
Specific resistance:
Specificity:
Subunit vaccine:
Susceptibility:
T cells:
T lymphocyte:
Thrombin:
Thymus:
Toxoid:
Vaccination:
Whole agent vaccine:
AQA Biology AS: Immunology
AQA Biology AS: Glossary Worksheets
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The Role of DNA
ATP:
Allele:
Aneuploidy:
Antiparallel strands:
Base pairing rule:
Base:
Bivalents:
Centromere:
Chiasmata:
Chromatid:
Chromatin:
Chromosome mutation:
Chromosome:
Coding strand:
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AQA Biology AS: The Role of DNA
Codon:
Condensation:
Conjugation:
Crossing over:
Degeneracy:
Degenerate:
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA):
Deoxyribose:
Diploid:
DNA replication:
Double helix model:
Exons:
Gamete:
Gene mutation:
Gene:
Genetic code:
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AQA Biology AS: The Role of DNA
Genetic map:
Genome:
Haploid:
Homologous chromosome:
Hydrogen bonding:
Hydrogen bonds:
Hydrolysis:
Independent assortment:
Introns:
Kilobase:
Meiosis:
Metaphase plate:
Non-disjunction:
Non-overlapping:
Nucleic acid:
Nucleoid:
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Nucleotide:
One gene-one polypeptide hypothesis:
Phosphate:
Plasmid:
Polynucleotide:
Purine:
Pyrimidine:
Recombination:
Ribonucleic acid (RNA):
Ribose:
Sugar:
Synapsis:
Template strand:
Transcription unit:
Triplet:
Universal nature:
AQA Biology AS: The Role of DNA
AQA Biology AS: Glossary Worksheets
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Variety and Complexity
Allele:
Breed:
Chance:
Fixation of alleles:
Fixed:
Founder effect:
Genetic bottleneck effect:
Genetic diversity:
Genetic drift:
Genetic gain:
Homozygosity:
Inbreeding:
Intraspecific variation:
Line-breeding:
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AQA Biology AS: Variety and Complexity
Lost:
Out-crossing:
Phenotype:
Random sampling:
Seed bank:
Selective breeding:
AQA Biology AS: Glossary Worksheets
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Biochemical & Cellular Diversity
Ageing:
Anaphase:
Benign tumour:
Budding:
Carcinogen:
Cell cycle:
Cell specialisation:
Cell wall:
Cellulose cell wall:
Cellular differentiation:
Cellulose:
Centromere:
Chloroplast:
Chromatid:
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AQA Biology AS: Biochemical & Cellular Diversity
Collenchyma:
Complex tissue:
Connective tissue:
Controllable risk factor:
Cytokinesis:
Daughter nuclei:
Dermal system:
Differentiation:
DNA gyrase:
DNA helicase:
DNA polymerase:
DNA replication:
Epithelial tissues:
Genetic predisposition:
Ground tissue:
Growth:
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AQA Biology AS: Biochemical & Cellular Diversity
Haemoglobin:
Histology:
Homologous chromosome:
Interphase:
Lagging strand:
Leading strand:
Malignant:
Meiosis:
Meristematic:
Metaphase:
Metastasis:
Mitosis:
Muscle tissue:
Nervous tissue:
Oncogene:
Oxygen transport:
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Palisade cell:
Parenchyma tissue:
Prophase:
Replication fork:
Respiratory pigment:
Reversible binding:
Sclerenchyma:
Simple tissue:
Telophase:
Tissue:
Trichome:
Uncontrollable risk factor:
Vascular tissue:
AQA Biology AS: Biochemical & Cellular Diversity
AQA Biology AS: Glossary Worksheets
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Adaptation and Specialisation
Apoplast:
Arteries:
Arterioles:
Blood vessel:
Body surface:
Capillaries:
Circulatory route:
Closed circulatory system:
Cohesion-tension:
Countercurrent exchange:
Dicotyledonous plants:
Diffusion:
Endodermis:
Expiration:
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AQA Biology AS: Adaptation & Specialisation
Gas exchange:
Gills:
Halophyte:
Inspiration:
Lungs:
Lymphatic system:
Mammalian circulation:
Mass transport:
Mesophyll:
Osmosis:
Parallel current flow:
Phloem:
Plasma membrane:
Plastron:
Potometer:
Primary root:
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AQA Biology AS: Adaptation & Specialisation
Pulmonary system:
Respiratory gases:
Root hairs:
Root pressure:
Single circuit system:
Stomata:
Surface area : volume ratio (SA:V):
Symplast:
Symplastic route:
Systemic circulation:
Terrestrial insect:
Tissue fluid:
Tracheal gills:
Tracheal tube:
Transpiration stream:
Transpiration:
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Tunica externa:
Tunica intima:
Tunica media:
Vacuolar pathway:
Vasodilation:
Vasoconstriction:
Veins:
Venule:
Water potential:
Xeromorphic adaptation:
Xerophyte:
Xylem:
AQA Biology AS: Adaptation & Specialisation
AQA Biology AS: Glossary Worksheets
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Classification and Evidence of Phylogeny
Amino acid sequences:
Animalia:
Archaea:
Binomial nomenclature:
Biochemical evidence:
Cladistics:
Class:
Classical evolutionary taxonomy:
Common ancestor:
Common name:
Courtship behaviours:
Distinguishing feature:
DNA hyridisation:
DNA:
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Eubacteria:
Eukarya:
Family:
Five kingdom classification system:
Fungi:
Genus:
Homologies:
Immunological proteins:
Immunological studies:
Kingdom:
Molecular clock:
Molecular evidence:
Morphological characters:
Order:
Phylogeny:
Phylum:
AQA Biology AS: Classification & Evidence of Phylogeny
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Plantae:
Prezygotic:
Prokaryotae:
Protoctista:
Shared derived characters:
Six kingdom classification system:
Species:
Taxa:
Taxonomic categories:
Taxonomy:
AQA Biology AS: Classification & Evidence of Phylogeny
AQA Biology AS: Glossary Worksheets
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Evolution and Biodiversity
Agriculture:
Antibiotic resistance:
Antibiotics:
Antimicrobial:
Bactericidal:
Bacteriostatic:
Biodiversity hotspots:
Biodiversity:
Biotic indices:
Broad-spectrum drugs:
Cell wall:
Conjugation:
Deforestation:
Diversity index:
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Diversity:
DNA mutation:
Ecosystem diversity:
Endemism:
Genetic diversity:
Habitat diversity:
Habitat:
Hedgerow legislation:
Horizontal gene transmission:
Indicator species:
Keystone species:
Methicillin:
MRSA:
Opportunistic pathogens:
Random sampling:
Resilience:
AQA Biology AS: Evolution & Biodiversity
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Resistance:
Selective toxicity:
Simpson’s index:
Species diversity:
Species evenness:
Species richness:
Species:
Spectrum of activity:
Stability:
Vertical gene transfer:
AQA Biology AS: Evolution & Biodiversity