7/28/2019 SKULL MEANING.docx

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The skull is abonystructure in theheadof manyanimalsthat supports the structures of thefaceand forms

acavityfor the brain.

The hyoid bone (lingual bone) (/had/;[2][3]

Latin os hyoideum) is a horseshoe-shapedbonesituated

in the anterior midline of theneckbetween thechinand thethyroid cartilage. At rest, it lies at the level of

the base of themandiblein the front and the thirdcervical vertebra(C3) behind.

The vertebral column, also known as backbone orspine, is a bony structure found inVertebrates. It is

formed from the vertebrae.

Invertebrateanatomy,ribs(Latin:costae) are the long curvedboneswhich form the cage. In mostvertebrates,

ribs surround thechest, enabling the lungs to expand and thus facilitatebreathingby expanding the chest

cavity. They serve to protect thelungs,heart, and other internalorgansof the thorax. In some animals,

especiallysnakes, ribs may provide support and protection for the entire body.

The upperlimborupper extremity is the region in an animal extending from thedeltoidregion to thehand,

including thearm,axillaandshoulder.[1]

The pectoral girdle orshoulder girdle is the set ofboneswhich connects theupper limbto theaxialskeletonon

each side. It consists of theclavicleandscapulain humans and, in thosespecieswith three bones in the

pectoral girdle, thecoracoid. Somemammalianspecies (e.g. thedogand thehorse) have only the scapula.

In humans, the only true anatomicaljointsbetween the shoulder girdle andaxial skeletonare

thesternoclavicular jointson each side. No anatomical joint exists between each scapula and therib cage;

instead themuscularconnection or physiological joint between the two permits great mobility of the shoulder

girdle compared to the compactpelvic girdle i.e. because theupper limbis not usually involved in weight

bearing, its stability has been sacrificed in exchange for greater mobility.

In those species having only the scapula, no joint exists between theforelimband thethorax, the only

attachment being muscular.

The pelvis, orpelvic bone, derived from the Latin word for 'basin', is ananatomicalstructure found in

mostvertebrates. It is the name given to both a bony structure orpelvic girdle connecting the base of the spine

to the rear limbs, and the region of the body defined by that structure. The muscles and tissue beneath the

pelvic girdle are known as thepelvic floor. The rounded epiphysis of the femur called the Headarticulates with

the pelvic bone at the Hip Joint at the acetabulum.[1]

The humanlegis the entire lower extremity orlimb[1][2]

of thehuman body, including thefoot,thighand even

thehiporglutealregion; however, the precise definition inhuman anatomyrefers[3][4][5]

only to the section of the

lower limb extending from thekneeto theankle.

Legs are used forstanding,walking,jumping,running,kicking, and similar activities, and constitute a significant

portion of a person's mass.

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