sl11 motion measurement - national tsing hua universitymx.nthu.edu.tw/~yucsu/3271/11.pdf · 2009....
TRANSCRIPT
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SL11 Motion Measurement
ESS3271 Lecture
Twin beam
Piezoelectric accelerometer
Vertical column
(Sensors & Actuator)
Position sensor
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Experimental Setup
• Actuator: a permanent magnet and coil combination placed at the base of the vertical column
• Position sensor: a variable-reluctance magnetic one placed behind one of the beams
• Displacement transducer: linear variable differential transformer (LVDT)
• Velocity transducer: another permanent magnet and coil combination placed at the upper end of the column
• Accelerometer: a piezoelectric one mounted on the upper surface of the top beam– A disc of piezo-crystal placed in a transparent case
Piezoelectric Sensors• Piezoelectric material
– Produces an electric charge when it is subjected to a force or pressure
– Such as single-crystal quartz or polycrystalline BaTiO3
– Contains molecules with asymmetric charge distribution
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Piezoelectric Sensors
• Operation principle
– Pressure => crystal deformation
=> relative displacement of the positive and negative charges within the crystal
=> external charges of opposite signs on the external surfaces of the crystal
– Surfaces coated with metallic electrodes
– Charge q developed: q = CV0
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Charge and Voltage Sensitivity
• q = CV0 and C = kKA/hC: capacitance, A: area of the sensor headK: relative dielectric constant for the medium in the gap k: proportionality constant
• q = SqAPCharge sensitivity Sq = f(orientation of the sensor relative to the axes of the piezoelectric crystal)q = SqAP = V0kKA/h
• V0 = (Sq/kK)hP = SvhPVoltage sensitivity Sv = Sq/kKSv = f(orientation of the sensor relative to the axes of the piezoelectric crystal)
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Experiments
• 1 Phase sensitive detector
• 2 Linear variable differential transformer
• 3 Piezoelectric accelerometer
• 4 Electromagnetic velocity transducer
• 5 Relationships between acceleration, velocity, and displacement
• 6 Frequency response
Phase sensitive detector
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Piezoelectric accelerometer
Electromagnetic velocity transducer
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Relationships between acceleration, velocity, and displacement
Frequency response
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Experimental Results• Note how the outputs of the accelerometer and velocity
transducer vary with the magnitude and frequency of the vibration of the beam system
• Sketch the waveforms obtained from the 3 signal sources and their phase relationships, and monitor how the signals vary with varying frequency and amplitude of oscillation
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