sleep
TRANSCRIPT
SLEEP
Laura Morales Albertos
Laude El Altillo School
2º Bachillerato
Index
IntroductionStages of sleepSleepwalkingSleep ApneaSomniloquySummaryQuestions
Introduction
What is sleep?
Reduced or absent consciousnessSensory activity suspendedInactivity of voluntary muscles
Introduction
Brain areas involved in the sleep:
Front hypothalamus->Sleep
Back hypothalamus->Wakefulness
Sleep Stages
Rapid Eye Movement (REM)
Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM)
Sleep Stages: NREM
Stage 1:
Duration: 4-5%Transition: wakefulness to sleepHallucinationsLoss muscle toneLoss of consciousnessHypnic Myoclonia -> Abrupt AwakeningEyes movement -> Very Slow
Sleep Stages: NREM
Stage 2:
Duration: 45-55%Any eye activityMuscular activity decreasesConsciousness disappears
Sleep Stages: NREM
Stage 3:
Duration: 4-6%Transitional period: light -> deep sleep
Sleep Stages: NREM
Stage 4:
Duration: 12-15%Deep sleepParasomnias (Sleep disorder): Night terrorsNocturnal enuresisSleepwalkingSomniloquy
Sleep Stages: REM
Duration: 20-25%Movement of eyes -> Very FastMemorable dreamsMuscles paralysed
Sleepwalking
Sleep disorderDevelop automatic motor activitiesUnconsciouslyNo communicationDuration undetermined: 30 seconds - 30 minutesOccurs during Phase 3 (NREM)
Sleep Apnea
Sleep disorderPauses in breathing (apnea)Duration undetermined: few seconds – minutesThere are three forms: -Obstructive -Central -Mixed
Sleep Apnea: Obstructive
The most common sleep-disordered breathingMuscles are relaxedObstruct the airway
Sleep Apnea: Obstructive
The most common sleep-disordered breathingMuscles are relaxedObstruct the airway
Sleep Apnea: Central
Brain’s respiratory control centers imbalancedNo effort to breatheNo chest movementsCompensatory Mechanism: -Blow off waste gases-Absorb Oxygen
Sleep Apnea: Mixed
Combination of:-Obstructive-Central
Somniloquy
ParasomniaTalk aloudCan occur many times during sleepListeners: may or may not understandOccurs usually during NREMCan also occur during REM->Dreaming
Summary
What is sleep?Brain areas involved in the sleepSleep stages: NREM and REMSleepwalkingSleep Apnea: Obstructive, Central and MixedSomniloquy
Questions
1. Which brain areas are invloved in the sleep? (Choose the Wrong answer).
a)Back region of the hypothalamus.b)Front region of the hypothalamus.c)Middle region of the hypothalamus.
Questions
2. Which stages are known as Light Sleep Phase?
a)Stages 1 and 2.b)Stages 2 and 3.c)Stages 3 and 4.
Questions
3. Sleepwalking occurs during...
a)Phase 3 (NREM).b)Phase 4 (NREM).c)REM.
Questions
4. There are three forms of sleep apnea: (Choose the Wrong answer)
a)Obstructiveb)Externalc)Mixed
Questions
5. Memorable dreams occurs in...
a)Stage 4 (NREM).b)Stage 3 (NREM).c)REM
Thank you for your attention