Sleeping

The ignored behavior!

Defining/describing sleep

• Decreased awareness & interaction with world

• Decreased motility & muscular activity• Characteristic posture• Partial or totl decrement in vol. consciously

directed behavior• Decreased forebrain activity & cortical input

from lower centers

Sleep as a behavior

• Quietude

• Life span decrease

• Brain activity/EEG & reactivity

Theories of sleeping

• Motivation

• Energy conservation

• Restorative

• Memory consolidation

• Adaptive

Necessity of sleep!

• Arguments for necessity

• Arguments against

• Conclusion

Dreaming:what & why?

Multiple perspecties and much speculation!

Deam behavior & description

• Within sleep

• Amount

• Brainwave activity & bodily quietude:the paradox

• REM

Dreams & REM sleep

• REM amount & periodicity

• Brainstem cholinergic & adrenergic promoting & inhibiting areas

• Hobson experiment

Theories of Dreaming

• Dreams as meaningful events:• Freud

--Poetzel effect

--Dement & Kleitman implications• Hall/Cartright• Dreams as random activity (Hobson +)• Synthesis (perhaps)

Dream CharacteristicsLack of active volition

Absence of ongoing reflective judgment

Limited to phenomena of the immediate present

Diffuse cognitive slippage--dreamlike confusion-transformations of perception, thought, memory, emotion,relationships, etc.

Gaps in experience: 20%Confusion of thought & irrat. intuitions: 41%Problems in sustained attention: 5%Memory deficiencies within the dream: 15%

Overall, even 51% of "clearest dreams" had clouding of cs.--But not radical (scz, psychedelic) but rather more like

that of waking life

Can even have hallucinations or psychedelic exper. in dreams (as in waking life!) ex. flying 4%, bizarre

figures, 4%, changed identity 3%, LSD-like transformations of

vision 13%. Mostly visual 47%. Somatic 10%, audit. 14%.