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Thunderbolt Technology

The Transformational PC I/OTanbin Islam Siyam

0707043


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Introduction Thunderbolt is an interface

for connecting peripheraldevices to a computer via an

expansion. Originally codenamed Light

Peak.

Developed by Intel, withtechnical collaboration ofApple.


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Introduction (cont.) Thunderbolt technology is a

transformational I/Oinnovation, supports data (PCI

Express) and HD display(DisplayPort) connections overa single cable.

10 Gbps of full duplexbandwidth per channel.


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Features at a glance Dual-channel 10Gbps per port

Bi-directional

Dual-protocol (PCI Express and DisplayPort)

Compatible with existing DisplayPort devices

Daisy-chained devices


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Features at a glance (cont.)

Electrical or optical cables

Low latency with highly accurate timesynchronization

Uses native protocol software drivers

Power over cable for bus-powered devices


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Refining the I/O (cont.)

Devices in Daisy chain connection supported.

Hotplug Ready.

Datastorage

HD Display

Laptop


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Protocol Architecture Thunderbolt technology is based on a new

architecture with full-duplex links.

Thunderbolt port is capable of providing the full

bandwidth of the link in both directions. no sharing of bandwidth between ports or

between upstream and downstream directions.


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Protocol Architecture (cont.) The Thunderbolt protocol

physical layer is responsiblefor link maintenance

including hot-plug detection,and data encoding to providehighly efficient data transfer.

The heart of the Thunderbolt

protocol architecture is thetransport layer.

Figure: ThunderboltTechnology Architecture.


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Protocol Architecture (cont.) DisplayPort and PCI Express protocols are mapped onto

the transport layer.

Mapped protocol packets between a source device anda destination device may be routed over a path that maycross multiple Thunderbolt controllers.

Figure: PCI Express and DisplayPort transported between Thunderboltcontrollers over a Thunderbolt cable.


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Protocol Architecture (cont.) At the destination device, a protocol adapter

recreates the mapped protocol in a way that isindistinguishable from what was received by the

source device. Thunderbolt technology-enabled product

devices appear as PCI Express or DisplayPortdevices to the operating system of the host PC.

So available standard drivers are capable ofusing them.


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Controller Architecture Hostside Thunderbolt

controllers have one or moreDisplayPort input interfaces,a PCI Express interface along

with one or more Thunderbolttechnology interface.

A single chip, the host-sidecontroller enables system

vendors to easily incorporateThunderbolt technology intotheir designs.


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Comparison Chart


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Conclusion Thunderbolt is fast and balanced in performance.

It simplifies device management with smart features likedaisy chain etc.

With Thunderbolt technology, workstation-levelperformance feature expansion can be packaged asstandalone accessories, and is only a cable away.

Thunderbolt technology opens doors to entirely newsystem and product designs.


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References Thunderbolt Technology, Technology Brief, Intel

Corporation, June, 2011.

Intel Light Peak: Overview, Intel Corporation, February

25, 2010.

http://www.intel.com/technology/io/thunderbolt/index.htm

http://www.apple.com/thunderbolt/

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