slides of enterprise 4 grammar, unit 2

8/13/2019 Slides of enterprise 4 grammar, unit 2

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Past Tense

Relative Clauses



Past Perfect Simple Past Perfect Continuous

I had worked – buvau

dir bęs

I had – I’d

Had + VIII (-ed, 3 st.)

I had NOT worked –

hadn’t

? (Where) Had he

worked?

I had been working –

buvau dir bęs (I’d been

working)

I had NOT (hadn’t)

been working?(Where) Had he been

working?



Past Perfect Simple Past Perfect Continuous

Seniausiai įvykęs

veiksmas:

Rodo, kad tas veiksmas

įvyko anksčiausiai –

dar prieš visus kitusminimus veiksmus,

e. g. He had learnt

(1) at school nothing,

so he was (2) nowilliterate.

REZULTATAS

Seniausiai įvykęs

veiksmas:

Rodo, kad tas veiksmas

įvyko anksčiausiai – dar

prieš visus kitusminimus veiksmus, e. g.

He had been reading (1)

for 2 hours when I came

(2).PROCESAS



Past Simple Past Continuous

1) Taisyklingi –ed:

(worked...)a) Live – lived

b) Study – studied

(y+prieb.)

c) Play – played (y+balsė) d) Stop – stopped

(travelled)

2) Netaisyklingi: go-went...

I did not work – didn’t work

I did not go (VI)

(Where) Did you go? (VI)

~ Yes, I did/No, I didn’t

I, he, she, it was working

we, you, they were workinga) Live – living

b) Run – running

(travelling)

c) Study - studying

-I was NOT working.

was not – wasn’t

were not – weren’t

? Were you working? ~ Yes,

I was/No, I wasn’t

? Where was I working?



Past Simple Past Continuous

1) Įprastiems veiksmams,

įpročiams praeityje žymėti, e.

g. She liked reading books.

2) Kai duodamas konkretus

laikas (1985) arba kai jo

klausiama.

3) Tačiau su šiuo laiku konkretus

laikas nebūtinas.

4) Kai pateikiamos konkrečios

veiksmo aplinkybės.

5)Istorijoms pasakoti; kai veiksmai

vyko vienas po kito.6) I said – aš pasakiau

REZULTATAS •

1) Gali reikšti palaipsnį

vystymąsi, e. g. The wind was

rising.

2) Dažnai vartojamas kartu su

past simple , e. g. I was

having a shower when the

doorbell rang. Maudžiaussi

duše – vyko procesas, o

skambučio skambėjimas –

pertrauktas procesas.

3) Apibūdinti situaciją tuo metu,

e. g. The sun was shining and

the birds were singing when Iwas walking in the forest.

4) He was dancing and (was)

singing – nebūtina kartoti

I was saying then

PROCESAS



Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Continuous

I, you, we, they

have worked

He, she, it HAS worked

I have – I’ve, he has – he’s

Have/has + VIII (-ed, 3 st.)I have NOT worked

Have not – haven’t; has not

– hasn’t

? (Where) Has he worked?

I have been working – (I’ve

been working)I have NOT (haven’t) been

working?

(Where) Have you been

working?



Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Continuous

Susieja praeitį ir dabartį:

1) Veiksmas įvyko nesenai arbadar nesibaigė.

2) Paliko rezultatus dabarčiai.

3) Kalba apie gyvenimo patirtį.

4) Kai yra tikimybė, kad veiksmas

ateityje pasikartos.

5) Su: just, yet; ever, never,

always, often, e. g. I have

never been to London

(nebuvau, bet dar galiu būti),for (30) months, since, still,

lately, recently (paskutiniu

metu), so far (iki šiol), thisweek

NEGALIMA NAUDOTI, KAI

ŽINOMAS AR NUMANOMAS

TIKSLUS LAIKAS! – tada PastSImple (nebent this morning...)

Susieja praeitį ir dabartį:

1) Veiksmas įvyko nesenai arba

dar nesibaigė.

2) Naudojamas su žodžiais for,

since....

PROCESAS



Have gone to – išėjęs, bet dar negrįžęs

Have been to – yra buvęs (grįžęs)

Have been in – gyvena

Jokiame Continuous laike nevartojame

veiksmažodžių, reiškiančių protą, jausmus,

emocijas, būsenas...



Past Perfect Simple Past Simple Present Perfect Simple

(I had run - rezultatas) (I ran – rezultatas) (I have run – rezultatas)

Past Perfect Cont. Past Cont. Present Perfect Cont.

(I had been running ) (I was running ) I have been running )

Praeitis Dabartis



Who (žmogus)

Which kuris, kuri, kas….. (daiktas)

That (daiktas, žmogus)

e. g. She is the girl who lives in this street.

This is a photo of the mountain (that)we saw.

BUT

I know the man who he won the first prize.(2 veiksniai!)



Whose – kieno, kurio...

Who’s – who is/who has

Whom – ką, kam

I spoke to a woman whom/that I had metbefore.



Where – kur...

The hotel where we stayed was fantastic =The hotel (which/that) we stayed at was

fantastic

When – kada...

I remember the day (when) I met you. = I

remember the day that I met you.

Why – kodėl... The reason (why/that) I can’t come is that

I’m exhausted.



Prielinksniai naudojami prieš

who/which... arba (šalutinio) sakiniogale:

The company for which she works sellscomputers. Formal

The company which she works for sells

computers. InformalThe company she works for sells

computers. Everyday English



Tačiau who/that nenaudojami poprielinksnio:

This is the girl with whom who I played

tennis. Formal

This is the girl (who) I played tennis with.

Informal



The man whose son won the prize was

very happy. – paryškintos dalies negalima

praleisti, nes ji svarbi sakinio prasmei

(identifying clause), todėl jos neišskiriame

kableliais.

Michael, who lives next door , has offered

to help me paint my flat. – sakinio prasmė

be paryškintos dalies nenukenčia (non-

identifying), todėl ji atskiriama kableliais.



All/most/some/a few/half/none/two,

etc. + of + whom/which

I bought five hats. Two of them were black –

I bought five hats, two of which were black.

(iš kurių du)

Tom has got three brothers, all of whom (iš

kurių visi).

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