sling procedures
TRANSCRIPT
MANUAL
SOLMAX.COM
Sling ProcedUres
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Sling ProcedUresTo facilitate the unloading of rolls and their onsite manipulations, Solmax supplies each shipped roll with
two (2) Eye & Eye web slings (Figure 1). The slings supplied by Solmax are made of Polyester and have a
5:1 safety factor. Solmax generally supplies the “Flat Untapered” (Figure 2) type but for convenience and
availability reasons, Solmax might supply some “Flat Tapered” slings (Figure 3).
Figure 2 - Flat Untapered Slings Figure 3 - Flat Tapered Slings
EYE & EYE:
Figure 1 - Eye & Eye Web Sling
Although Solmax supplies these slings to its customers, it is Solmax’s recommendation and the
customer’s responsibility that any worker that uses these slings, follow an appropriate training on how
to use and manipulate this handling equipment, in order to prevent any incident from occurring. As a
compliment to the training, you will find valuable technical information, as well as unloading guidelines
for the slings that will facilitate their use and help prevent incidents, in this document.
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SLing TEchnicAL inFOrMATiOnThe slings supplied with Solmax geosynthetic rolls are made of 100% polyester. They have a Working
Load Limit (W.L.L.) of 3,100 lbs and a 5:1 safety factor, which means that the strength needed to break
the slings, would be around 15,500 lbs. Each sling measures 10 ft. in length and is tested as per the
ASME B30.9-2006 Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings.
This information can be found in a table, such as Table 1, located on a tag on each sling.
Solmax’s PE rolls weigh approximately 4,000 lbs each. As such, two (2) slings should always be used
to lift the rolls. As illustrated in Figure 4, Solmax always supplies two (2) slings per roll. Do not exceed
capacities of the slings working load.
Table 1 - Sling Properties Tag
MATEriAL 100% POLYESTEr
W.L.L. 3100 LBS
S/F 5:1
E/L 10 ft
STANDARD ASME B30.9-2006
M/D MONTH YEAR
Figure 4 - PE rolls with slings attached
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inSPEcTiOn
The slings supplied are mainly for unloading purposes. However, if the slings have not been damaged,
they can be reused for further handling of the rolls. Prior to using any sling, new or used, the following
information should always be verified.
TYPE WhAT TO LOOK FOr hOW OFTEn
Initial Verify if the correct sling is
being used
Prior to the first use as new or
as repaired
Frequent
• Acid or Caustic burns
(Figure 5)
• Melting or charring
• Holes, tears, cuts (Figure 6), snags
• Broken/worn stitching in load-bearing splices
• Excessive abrasive wear (Figure 7)
• Knots (Figure 8)
• Excessive pitting or corrosion, or cracked, distorted or broken fittings
• Weld Splatters (Figure 9)
• Frays and Pulls (Figure 10)
• Other visible damage
• Discoloration or brittle on any part of the sling.
• Missing / illegible markings
Daily
Periodic Same as “Frequent” inspection Based on how often the sling is
used and the severity of service
conditions, but at least annually
Table 2 - Sling inspection Procedures
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SLing AciD BUrn SLing KnOT
Figure 5 - Sling Acid Burn Figure 8 - Sling Knot
SLing cUTS
Figure 6 - Sling cuts Figure 9 - Weld Splatters
SLing WELD SPLATTErS
SLing ABrASiOn
Figure 10 - Sling Frays and PullFigure 7 - Sling Abrasion Wear
SLing FrAYS AnD PULLS
Should any of the damages described in Table 2 or seen in Figures 5 to 10 be identified on the sling, that
sling should not be used as its W.L.L. will be compromised. As damage to the slings may occur during the
unloading process, Solmax supplies a few extra slings to its customers with each shipment.
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SLing hAnDLing inFOrMATiOnAlthough the W.L.L. of the slings is 3,100 lbs, many factors will affect the effectiveness of the sling.
As such, please find the following information.
hAnDLing METhODAs seen in Table 3, there are different ways to lift Solmax’s rolls using the supplied slings.
Table 3 - Sling handling Methods
The slings supplied by Solmax are attached to each roll using the “Choker Hitch”. However, it is the sling
user’s responsibility to use the appropriate handling method for their use. As such, Table 4 explains the
effects of the handling method on the W.L.L.
chOKEr hiTch
Sling passes through one
end around the load, while
the other end is places on
the hook. Load control is
limited with only one sling
rigged in a choker hitch.
A choker hitch will never
provide full 360 degree
contact. For full contact
use a Double Wrap Choke
Hitch. The Choke Point
should always be on the
sling body, not on the sling
eye, fitting base of the eye
or fitting, splice or tag.
VErTicAL hiTch
One end is on the
hook, while the
other end attached
directly to the
load. Use a tagline
to prevent load
rotation.
BASKET hiTch
The sling cradles
the load while
both eyes
are attached
overhead. As
with the choker
hitch, more than
one sling may
be necessary to
help ensure load
control.
Choker Hitch 2,480 lbs
Vertical Hitch 3,100 lbs
Basket Hitch 6,200 lbs
handling Method W.L.L.
Table 4 – handling method and W.L.L.
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Figure 11 - Sling-to-load Angle
Sling-to-load angle
Sling-to-load Angle (°)
Loss FactorSling-to-load Angle
(°)Loss Factor
90 1.000 55 .8192
85 .9962 50 .7660
80 .9848 45 .7071
75 .9659 40 .6428
70 .9397 35 .5736
65 .9063 30 .5000
60 .8660 25 .4226
LOSS FAcTOr chArT
Table 5 - Loss Factor chart
As Solmax supplies two (2) slings per roll and each roll weighs approximately 4,000 lbs, depending on other
conditions that will be described in future sections, the choker hitch method should be considered a proper
handling method of the rolls. However, it is the user’s responsibility to ensure that this handling method is
the proper one, based on all the lifting variables.
SLing-TO-LOAD LiMiTThe horizontal angle formed between the sling leg and the “top” of the load is called the sling-to-load angle
(Figure 11). Ideally, this angle should be at a 90° angle or in other words, vertical.
As Table 5 shows, the loss factor for the W.L.L. decreases as the sling-to-load angle decreases.
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To evaluate if the sling-to-load angle used is appropriate to lift the rolls, Formula (1) should be used.
𝑊.𝑊.𝑊.𝑊=𝑊𝑊 𝑊 𝑊.𝑊.𝑊.𝑊 (1)
Example:
If 2 slings supplied by Solmax, that have no visible damages identified on the rolls, are used as Choker
Hitches to lift a 4,000 lbs roll at 70° Sling-to-load angle, the following calculation should be performed.
𝑊.𝑊.𝑊.𝑊= .9397 𝑊 2,480 𝑊 2=4,661 𝑊𝑊𝑊
Therefore, if used as choker hitches and at a 70° sling-to-load angle, the slings supplied by Solmax will
have a W.L.L. greater than 4,000 lbs and be the proper handling method to lift Solmax’s PE rolls.
Based on Table 5, the minimum sling-to-load angle, when using the choker hitch handling method, to
carry a 4,000 Solmax PE roll with two (2) slings is 55°. Therefore, Solmax does not recommend using
the supplied slings with a sling-to-load angle smaller than 55° when using the choker hitch method.
Should a different handling method be used or if other variables, such as the ones described in future
sections affect the effectiveness of the sling, the minimum sling-to-load angle may vary.
chOKEr AngLEWhen using the choker hitch handling method, the location of the choke on the roll will have an effect on
the effectiveness of the W.L.L. Figure 12 shows different choker angles that can occur during handling of
the rolls.
Figure 12 - choker Angle
30 deg
60 deg
180 deg
90 deg
120 deg
135 deg
Over 120 100
90-120 87
60-89 74
30-59 62
0-29 49
Angle ofchoke Degree
rated capacity %
LoAd
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When transporting a load, the choker angle should always be greater than 120°. When the choker angle
is below 120°, the rated capacity is reduced as per the Figure 12. As an example, if two (2) slings with a
sling-to-load angle of 80° and a choker angle of 70°, the W.L.L. would be calculated as follows:
𝑊.𝑊.𝑊.𝑊=𝑊𝑊 𝑊 𝑊𝑊 𝑊 𝑊.𝑊.𝑊.𝑊 (2)
𝑊.𝑊.𝑊.𝑊= .9397 𝑊 0.74 𝑊 2,480 𝑊 2=3,449 𝑊𝑊𝑊
Therefore, the slings used in this example would be at risk of breaking and should not be used in this
configuration. For this reason, Solmax recommends to always use choker angles greater than 120° to
avoid any failures.
Handling Equipment
The same way the sling-to-load angle will affect the effectiveness of the W.L.L., the angle within the eye
of the sling will reduce it as well. Figure 13 shows different types of handling equipment and their effect
on the angle within the eye.
Solmax has not collected any data on the exact loss factor of using one handling method over another.
However, a greater eye angle will decrease the effectiveness of the W.L.L. more than a smaller angle.
Therefore, the sling user should make every effort to reduce this angle. As such, Solmax does not
recommend the use of forklifts during unloading given their effect on the angle within the eye.
Figure 13 - handling equipment effects on angle within the eye
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Also very important to consider when choosing handling equipment is if the selected equipment can cut
the sling. The most common cause for a sling to be taken out of service is for showing signs of cutting.
Therefore, the handling equipment should be free of sharp edges that can damage the sling and reduce
its effectiveness.
For the reasons mentioned above, Solmax recommends the use of hooks (Figure 14) when handling rolls
with slings.
TrAnSPOrTATiOn TErrAinWhile the dead load of an average Solmax geomembrane roll is approximately 4,000 lbs, its dynamic
load can be substantially increased when driving on an uneven bumpy road. The up and down
movement of the roll when driving on a bumpy road, will put stress on the slings that may break them.
Construction jobsites temporary roadways are usually made of uneven bumpy roads. Taking this reality
into consideration, when using slings to transport geomembranes rolls on a jobsite, every effort should
be made to reduce the up and down movement of the rolls, such as driving at a slower pace and trying
to avoid large bumps and holes.
User training
Solmax recommends that any user of the supplied slings follows a proper training for handling loads
using slings. These trainings are usually offered by the local Health and Safety agencies under course
titles such as “Hoisting” and/or “Rigging”. Please contact your local Health and Safety agency for more
details.
Figure 14 - recommended hook for sling handling
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cOncLUSiOn & rEcOMMEnDATiOnSolmax supplies with each roll of geomembrane slings that can assist our customers in handling the
purchased rolls. Each supplied sling has a tag describing its physical properties and its testing certification.
Although these slings are considered appropriate handling equipment for the rolls, the handling methods
will greatly affect the performance of these slings. It is the user’s responsibility to verify prior to each use
that the sling is appropriate for the task at hand, to use the proper handling equipment and methods, and
to obtain the proper training. Solmax cannot be held responsible for any damage or incidents that occur
due to improper handling of the supplied slings.
For more information on the supplied slings for handling of geomembranes rolls by Solmax, please
contact your Solmax representative.
SOLMAX.COM
OIL & GAS CONTAINMENTSYSTEMS
OURLOCATIONS
HEADQUARTERVARENNES, QC | CANADA
Solmax is not a design professional and has not performed any design services to determine if Solmax’s goods comply with any project plans or specifications, or with the application or use of Solmax’s goods to any particular system, project, purpose, installation or specification.