slip model asperity data sets from source inversions · 7/21/2007 · paul somerville urs...
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Slip Model Asperity Data Sets
from Source Inversions
Paul Somerville
URS
• Kinematic slip model data set
• Dynamic slip model data set
• Slip model generators
Kinematic Rupture Models
• Compilation: Martin Mai
http://www.seismo.ethz.ch/static/srcmod/
Events.html
Last modification: July 21, 2007
• Scaling Relations: Somerville et al.,
1999
Mai Source Model Data Base
Earthquake Date Author
Fukuoka (Japan) 20/03/2005 Asano and Iwata (2006)
Giant Sumatra Earthquake (Indonesia) 26/12/2004 Ji et al (2005)
Parkfield (Calif.) 28/09/2004 C. Ji (2004)
Parkfield (Calif.) 28/09/2004 D. Dreger (2004)
Parkfield (Calif.) 28/09/2004 Custodio et al (2005)
Tokachi-oki (Japan) 25/09/2003 Yamanaka and Kikuchi (2003)
Tokachi-oki (Japan) 25/09/2003 Yagi (2004)
Tokachi-oki (Japan) 25/09/2003 Tanioka et al. (2004)
Tokachi-oki (Japan) 25/09/2003 Koketsu et al. (2004)
Miyagi-hokubu (Japan) 25/07/2003 Miura et al. (2004)
Miyagi-hokubu (Japan) 25/07/2003 Hikima and Koketsu (2004)
Mai Source Model Data Base Earthquake Date Author
Fukuoka (Japan) 20/03/2005 1
Parkfield (Calif.) 28/09/2004 3
Miyagi-hokubu (Japan) 25/07/2003 2
Boumerdes (Algeria) 21/05/2003 1
Denali (Alaska) 03/11/2002 2
Tottori (Japan) 06/10/2000 3
Izmit (Turkey) 17/08/1999 6
Hector Mine (Calif.) 16/10/1999 4
Duzce (Turkey) 12/11/1999 2
ChiChi (Taiwan) 20/09/1999 7
Iwate (Japan) 03/09/1998 2
Hida Swarm EV16 (Japan) 18/09/1998 1; 7 events
Antarctica Strike-Slip Segment 25/03/1998 2
Yamaguchi (Japan) 25/06/1997 2
Kagoshima (Japan) 26/03/1997 1
Kagoshimaen-hoku-seibu (Japan) 13/05/1997 2
Colfiorito Sequence # 3 (Italy) 14/10/1997 1; 3 events
Kobe (Japan) 17/01/1995 9
Northridge (Calif.) 17/01/1994 6
Little Skull Mnts (Nevada) 29/06/1992 1
Landers (Calif.) 28/06/1992 5
Joshua Tree (Calif.) 23/04/1992 2
Sierra Madre (Calif.) 28/06/1991 1
Loma Prieta (Calif.) 18/10/1989 5
Whittier Narrows (Calif.) 01/10/1987 1
Superstition Hills (Calif.) 24/11/1987 2
Elmore Ranch (Calif.) 24/11/1987 1
North Palm Springs (Calif.) 08/07/1986 2
Nagano-ken seibu (Japan) 14/09/1984 1
Morgan Hill (Calif.) 24/04/1984 2
Japanea-chubu (Japan) 26/05/1983 1
Borah Peak (Idaho) 28/10/1983 1
Izu-hanto-toho-oki (Japan) 29/06/1980 1
Imperial Valley (Calif.) 15/10/1979 4
Coyote Lake (Calif.) 06/08/1979 1
Tabas (Iran) 16/09/1978 1
Miyagiki (Japan) 12/06/1978 1
Oita-ken-chubu (Japan) 21/04/1975 1
Izu-hanto-oki (Japan) 09/05/1974 1
San Fernando (Calif.) 09/02/1971 1
Gifu-ken-chubu (Japan) 09/09/1969 1
Kitamino (Japan) 19/08/1961 1
Fukui (Japan) 28/06/1948 1
Mikawa (Japan) 12/01/1945 1
San Francisco (Calif.) 18/04/1906 3
Source Parameters of Crustal Earthquakes (Somerville et al., 1999)
Earthquake, Location Date Mech Mo x 10
25
Mw
Landers, Ca. 1992.6.28 SS 75 7.22
Tabas, Iran 1978.9.16 RV 58 7.14
Loma Prieta, Ca. 1989.10.17 OB 30 6.95
Kobe, Japan 1995.1.17 SS 24 6.9
Borah Peak, Idaho 1983.10.28 NM 23 6.87
Nahanni, N.W.T., Canada 1985.12.23 RV 15 6.75
Northridge, Ca. 1994.1.17 RV 11 6.66
Nahanni, N.W.T., Canada 1985.10.05 RV 10 6.63
San Fernando, Ca. (Sierra Madre) 1971.2.9 RV 7 6.53
Imperial Valley, Ca. 1979.10.15 SS 5 6.43
Superstition Hills, Ca. (event #3) 1987.11.24 SS 3.5 6.33
Morgan Hill, Ca. 1984.4.24 SS 2.1 6.18
North Palm Springs, Ca. 1986.8.7 OB 1.8 6.14
Whittier Narrows, Ca. 1987.10.1 RV 1 5.97
Coyote Lake, Ca. 1979.6.8 SS 0.35 5.66
Slip Time Function
Rupture Time
Asperity Characteristics
Slip Contrast Number of Asperities
Scaling Relations of Slip Models Assuming Self-Similarity
Rupture Area vs. Seismic Moment: A = 2.23 x 10-15 x Mo2/3
Average Slip vs. Seismic Moment: D = 1.56 x 10-7 x Mo1/3
Combined Area of Asperities vs. Seismic Moment: Aa = 5.00 x 10-16 x Mo2/3
Area of Largest Asperity vs. Seismic Moment: Al (km2) = 3.64 x 10-16 x Mo2/3
Radius of Largest Asperity vs. Seismic Moment: rl (km) = 1.08 x 10-8 x Mo1/3
Average Number of Asperities 2.6
Area of Fault Covered by Asperities 0.22
Average Asperity Slip Contrast: 2.01
Hypocentral Distance to Center of Closest Asperity vs.
Moment:
RA = 1.35 x 10-8 x Mo1/3
Slip Duration vs. Seismic Moment: TR = 2.03 x 10-9 x Mo1/3
Corner Spatial Wavenumber Along Strike (1/km) log kx = 1.72 - 0.5 M
Dynamic Rupture Models of
Past Earthquakes
• 1987 Whittier Narrows 6.0
• 1989 Loma Prieta 6.9
• 1992 Landers 7.3
• 1994 Northridge 6.7
• 1995 Kobe 6.9
• 1997 Kagoshima 6.3
• 1997 Yamaguchi 6.2
• 1999 Kocaeli 7.2
• 2000 Tottori 7.0
2000 Mw 7.0 Tottori Earthquake
Dynamic Kinematic
Fracture Energy Surface Faulting Buried Faulting
Rupture Model Generators
• Irikura – deteministic model of asperity
and background slip
• Graves & Pitarka – correlation of slip with
rupture velocity at a point on the fault
• Liu et al. - correlation of multiple source
parameters at a point on the fault
• Song & Somerville – correlation between
parameters at spatially separated points
Rupture Model Generators
• On SCEC Broadband Ground Motion
Simulation Platform: • http:/scec.usc.edu/scecpedia/Broadband_Platform
Irikura Ground Motion
Simulation Recipe • Irikura, K. and H. Miyake (2011). Recipe for
Predicting Strong Ground Motion from Crustal
Earthquake Scenarios, Pure Appl. Geophys.
168 (2011), 85–104.
• Based on Somerville et al., 1999, but uses
deterministic description of asperities and
background
• Used to calculate ground motion time histories
for nuclear power plant design and evaluation
in Japan
• Used to generate scenario ground motion
maps for Japan
Simulation of broadband ground motion for
the 1997 Kagoshima-ken Hokuseibu earthquake
using the Irikura Recipe
Prediction of Strong Ground Motion for Itoigawa-
Shizuoka Tectonic-Line Fault Earthquake
↓PGV Attenuation-Distance Relation
Earthquake Research Committee (2002)
↑
Ground Motion Simulation by
the Hybrid Method
Graves & Pitarka
Liu et al.
Song
Cross-coherence in dynamic rupture model
(Dalguer et al., 2008)
hs 8 km
31/21
Ground Motion Focus
Group
Dynamic & Pseudoynamic Models On the left a full dynamic
model;
On the right a
pseudodynamic model
The models can be used
to generate a suite of
ground motions from
statistically similar events.