1. GNU/Linux

2.

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3. 2.

4.

5. 1950: (UNIVAC, IBM) 6. 7. (OS/360)

8.

1970-: 9. O

• UNIX ( 1969) 10. DOS ( 1980) 11. pple Macintosh (GUI) 12. INIX 1987. Andrew S. Tanenbaum

:

• 13.

14.

15. 16. 1980. copyright 17.

18. GNU

1983. 19. 20. GNU (GNU's Not Unix) OS 21. GNU C 22. 1985 Free Software Foundation (FSF) 23. GNU General Public License (GPL)

Richard Stallman 24. Linux

Linus Benedict Torvalds 25. MINIX 26. () - 27. 1991. - MINIX , , , :

• 1991. - Linux 0.01 28. O 1991. - Linux 0.02 29. 1991. - Linux 0.10

30. GNU/Linux

GNU

• C , 31.

LINUX

• 32.

33. GNU / Linux

GNU + Linux = GNU/Linux

34. GNU/Linux

Red Hat, Caldera 35. Linux- : 36. X Windows System + GNOME/KDE Linux 37.

38. GNU / Linux 39. Linux

40. , Linux 41. 42. 43. ,

44. Linux

45. distrowatch.com 4000 46. 47. ,

48. ? 49.

(Proprietary) 50. (Commercial) 51. (Private) 52. Freeware 53. Shareware 54. (Free Software)

55.

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59. Freeware

60. , 61. , 62.

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89. pen Source Software

: 90. 91. 92. ,

93.

OSI 94. , 95. SI-ja , SI

96.

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99. GPL

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