slum upgrading

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SLUM UPGRADING I was born in a slum, but the slum wasn’t born in me BY ARUNA.C JESUBALAN.J PAVITHRA.S.G

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SHELTER

SLUM UPGRADING

I was born in a slum, but the slum wasnt born in me

BY ARUNA.C JESUBALAN.J PAVITHRA.S.G

SLUM A slum is a heavily populated urban informal settlement that is unfit for living because it lacks access to basic sanitation, drinking water, electricity and characterized by substandard housing and squalor.While slums differ in size and other characteristics, most lack reliable sanitation services, supply of clean water, reliable electricity,law enforcementand other basic services.

Slum residences vary fromshantyhouses to professionally built dwellings that because of poor-quality construction or provision of services have deteriorated into slums. Many slums lack basic local authority services such as provision of safe drinking water, sanitation, wastewater and solid waste management..

SLUM UPGRADINGSlum upgradingis anurban renewalstrategy which consists of physical, social, economic, organizational and environmental improvements toslumsundertaken cooperatively and locally among citizens, community groups, businesses and local authorities . The main OBJECTIVE of slum upgrading is to alleviate the poor living standards of slum dwellers. The place which are densely populated and neglected parts of cities where living conditions are extremely poor. The process of slum upgrading involves the improvement of both physical and social environment. In order to direct financial investments to the right place and problem, one must recognize the linkages between the undermining.

SITUATION OF SLUMUnhygienic conditions.Lack of medical facilities.Lack of sanitation.Congested.No access to drinking water and electricity.Most of the slums inhabitants cant be beneficiaries to government schemes.Only few slums are recognized by Government and conditions in unrecognized slums are even more worse.No drainage system. In most slums, waste water flow in between houses.The little medical facilities available in slums is provided by NGOs.

SCHEMES FOR SLUM DEVELOPMENT IN INDIAThe Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation has set up a Committee to look into various aspects of Slum Statistics , Census and issues regarding conduct of slum census 2011 under the chairmanship of Pranab Sen. The Pranab Sen Committee has defined Slums as: "A Slum is a compact settlement of at least 20 households with a collection of poorly built tenements, mostly of temporary nature, crowded together usually with inadequate sanitary and drinking water facilities in unhygienic conditions". In a bid to address the issue of slums and urban poverty, the Government of India has undertaken several initiatives such as: Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY) Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY) Integrated Low Cost Sanitation (ILCS) Affordable Housing in Partnership (AHP)Rajiv Awas Yojana.

STRENGTHPROVIDES LOW-COST HOMESFINANCIAL BENEFITS ACCRUEINSTILS SOCIAL BENEFITS AND LIVELIHOODSWEAKNESSRURAL-URBAN MIGRATION.URBANIZATION. POOR HOUSING PLANNING. COLONIALISM AND SEGREGATION.POOR INFRASTRUCTURE, SOCIAL EXCLUSION.POVERTY. SOCIAL CONFLICTS.INFORMAL ECONOMY. NATURAL DISASTERS.

CAUSESIncreasingrural to urban migration.Urban areas are not being improved enough to accommodate the new inhabitants.Poor planning of cities.Poverty and lack of job opportunities in rural areas are the push factors of migration.Urbanization Pull factor of rural migration.High cost of living in urban areas.Increasing population.Social exclusion.Informal economy.Some politicians use slum inhabitants as their vote banks as giving fake promises of improving the living conditions, they encourage slums.Social conflicts civil wars.

EFFECTS

Reduced life expectancy of slum inhabitants.Health problems due to drinking contaminated water.Environment pollution.Low standard of living.Degraded health conditions.Those living in slums get victimized easily by alcohol and drugs.Slums breed violence, crime, diseases, epidemics and psychological illnesses.Preterm births.Malnutrition in children.Child labor.No safety for women living in slums due to high number of drunkards.

CHALLENGESRAPID URBANIZATION ACHIEVING CRITICAL MASS TECHNICAL CAPACITY NEEDEDIMPLEMENTINGENSURE STRONG LOCAL GOVERNMENT SUPPORT. ENCOURAGE COMMUNITY ACTION AND PARTICIPATIONBUILD WIN-WIN PARTNERSHIPSSECURE LAND TENURE

HARD LIFE OF SLUM

SOLUTIONURBAN WATER AND WASTE WATERWater distillation.Improved toilets.Plastics recyclingRainwater harvesting.Dams.Health and hygiene education.Home composting.Solid waste management. Solar-powered water pumps.

SOLAR-POWERED WATER PUMPS In drought-affected areas, women must walk miles to find water, risking violence or animal attack, in order to sustain their families and animals. They do this with the knowledge that the dirty water they have collected may well make their children very ill.Working with community members, Practical Action developed a solar powered water pump that can pump up to 30,000 litres of clean water per day.Using the overabundance of sunshine, the solar pump draws water from a 100-metre-deep well, providing families with the water that they desperately need and rendering cases of water-related diseases a thing of the past.

Contd(solutions) SLUM IMPROVEMENTUrban waste management.Urban waste pickers.WATER AND SANITATIONWASTE MANAGEMENT

FAILED SOLUTIONS

SLUM REMOVAL It made slum inhabitants homeless.SLUM RELOCATION It moved poor people further away from their work places.

SUCESSFUL STEPS

SLUM UPGRADING -- It improved slums living conditions. But it does not address poverty and low wages of informal economy.Organized urbanization Planning &Modifying urban areas to accommodate newcomers.Legitimizing slums instead of driving them out of their homes.Improving job opportunities in rural as well as urban areas.Planning rural development along with urban development.Economic development.Better transport facilities.Affordable housing in urban areas.

BEING CIVIL ENGINEER ;We have to understsnd that although slum engineering is a part of civil engineering but a social aspect in slum engineering is essential without which the projects fail. We have seen in india that many projects failed because of less social mobalisation.Other regular features of an engineering projects should also be a part of project formulation like Assessment of infrastructure demand Preparation of detailed design Integration of social infrastructureEstablish linkage with citywide networkUse of green technologyExamination of environmental & social impactEstimation of project costImplementation and management arrangements including tendering, appointment of contractors, construction schedule, construction activities, project schedule.

Govt of India launched National Urban Health Mission to improve health care facilities for urban poor and implemented slum upgrading in a few recognized slums.In 2015, Indian Govt allocated budget to replace crowded slums with 2 crore homes.

CONCLUSIONBesides improving the slums, the causes of slums creation should be addressed. Distributive development will serve the purpose and thereby everyone can have a dignified and healthy life.

The Slum is the measure of civilization

THANK YOUTO SOME EXTENT , I WOULD SAY THIS; IF YOUVE SEEN ONE CITY SLUM, YOUVE SEEN THEM ALL