s.m. viramani

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Land use planning for sustaining soybean production and conservation agriculture:

Use of high science tools

S M Virmani and P Padmavathi in association with

Obireddy and D Sarkar

Workshop on GIS Applications in Natural Resource Management National Academy of Agricultural Research Management,

20 to 23 February 2013National Academy of Agricultural Research Management

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Yield of crops as near to potential yields/ yields obtained at scientist managed plots;

The land use can sustain abiotic shocks (eg. water deficit/ droughts) and has the capacity to return to normal quickly; and,

The land use is economically viable and socially acceptable.

Sustainable Agriculture:

Key words

National Academy of Agricultural Research Management

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GIS: Geographical Information Systems

GPS: Geo Positioning System

RS: Remotely Sensed Information or Data

Continued..

High Science Tools:


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The Director General of ICAR called a meeting to suggest ways / means to meet this deficit in our country. It was suggested that soybeans, grown on some 11 million ha of land

can meet both the protein and energy food needs. Soybeans contain 40% protein and 20% oil. CFTRI has made several preparations of soybean. In fact in China and in Africa soybean is one of major sources of protein to the humans.

The Context

In early January 2012, the Prime Minister of India, noted that 42% of children in age group of 4-5 years are highly protein / calorie malnourished. He threw a gauntlet to the scientific community to meet this challenge.


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Area, output and yield of soybeans: 1973 to 2004


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Soybean data used for analysis:

NBSS & LUP: 2005 to 06CRIDA: 2005 to 11


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Core Soybean Growing Area (2005-06 to 2010-11)

42

6

8

1

12

7

10

9

5

14

13

11

17

3

15

19

16

18

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Legend

Agro_eco_region

State Boundary

Core Soybean Growing area

('000 ha)

10 - 41

41 - 88.3

88 - 151

151 - 227

227 - 432

Core Growing Area of Soybean


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42

6

8

1

12

7

10

9

5

14

13

11

17

3

15

19

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Legend

Agro_eco_region

State Boundary

Productivity

(Kg/ha)

404 - 691

691 - 933

933- 1190

1190 - 1513

1513 - 1956

Soybean Productivity in Core Growing Area(2005-06 to 2010-11)

Soybean Productivity in Core Growing Area


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State

District Produ-ctivity (kg/ha

Area (‘000 ha)

Production (‘000 tons)

% Area

Cum. Area

% Cum. Area

% Prod-uction

% Cum. Prod-uction

Ratio

M.P Ujjain 1222 432.4 528.4 5.2 432.4 5.2 6.0 6.0 1.1

M.P Shajpur 971 332.1 322.5 4.0 764.5 9.2 3.6 9.6 0.9

M.P Dewas 1233 293.4 361.8 3.5 1057.9 12.7 4.1 13.7 1.2M.P Sehore 1255 279 350 3.4 1336.9 16.1 4.0 17.7 1.2M.P Rajgarh 1085 275.6 299.1 3.3 1612.5 19.4 3.4 21.1 1.0M.P Sagar 752 264.5 198.9 3.2 1877.0 22.6 2.3 23.3 0.7M.P Mandsaur 810 253.6 205.4 3.1 2130.7 25.7 2.3 25.6 0.8M.P Dhar 1348 252.1 339.9 3.0 2382.8 28.7 3.8 29.5 1.3

MH Amravati 995 227.4 226.4 2.7 2610.2 31.4 2.6 32.0 0.9

MH Nagpur 1023 223.6 228.7 2.7 2833.8 34.1 2.6 34.6 1.0RJ Jhalawar 1157 222.8 257.7 2.7 3056.6 36.8 2.9 37.5 1.1M.P Indore 1350 219 295.6 2.6 3275.6 39.4 3.3 40.9 1.3MH Yavatmal 794 217.6 172.8 2.6 3493.2 42.1 2.0 42.9 0.7M.P Hoshangaba

d992 202.4 200.8 2.4 3695.6 44.5 2.3 45.1 0.9

M.P Ratlam 1090 194.7 212.3 2.3 3890.3 46.8 2.4 47.5 1.0M.P Betul 1085 189.3 205.3 2.3 4079.5 49.1 2.3 49.8 1.0MH Washim 847 176.9 149.9 2.1 4256.5 51.3 1.7 51.5 0.8

RJ Baren 1213 174.4 211.6 2.1 4430.9 53.4 2.4 53.9 1.1

MH Buldhana 933 169.2 157.9 2.0 4600.1 55.4 1.8 55.7 0.9MH Wardha 904 169 152.7 2.0 4769.1 57.4 1.7 57.5 0.8M.P Harda 1483 166.3 246.6 2.0 4935.4 59.4 2.8 60.2 1.4M.P Vidisha 1068 166.1 177.3 2.0 5101.5 61.4 2.0 62.2 1.0MH Latur 1149 159.6 183.5 1.9 5261.1 63.4 2.1 64.3 1.1M.P Guna 1090 159.4 173.8 1.9 5420.5 65.3 2.0 66.3 1.0M.P Khandwa 692 151.9 105.1 1.8 5572.4 67.1 1.2 67.5 0.7MH Nanded 871 143.3 124.9 1.7 5715.7 68.8 1.4 68.9 0.8MH Chandrapur 848 141 119.6 1.7 5856.7 70.5 1.4 70.2 0.8M.P Chindwara 1206 140.4 169.3 1.7 5997.1 72.2 1.9 72.2 1.1M.P Neemach 801 121.7 97.5 1.5 6118.8 73.7 1.1 73.3 0.8RJ Kota 1239 116.3 144.1 1.4 6235.1 75.1 1.6 74.9 1.2MH Hingoli 1068 114.6 122.4 1.4 6349.6 76.5 1.4 76.3 1.0RJ Chittorgarh 997 107.8 107.5 1.3 6457.4 77.8 1.2 77.5 0.9M.P Shivpuri 791 107.3 84.9 1.3 6564.7 79.1 1.0 78.5 0.7M.P Raisen 1139 105.2 119.8 1.3 6669.9 80.3 1.4 79.8 1.1Number of districts: 34

Soybean: Production and Productivity of the Core Districts


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Legend

State Boundary

Percent Irrigated Area

2007-2009

< 20

20- 40

40 - 60

60 - 80

80 - 100

Percent Irrigated Area in Core Soybean Growing Area

Soybean is primarilya dryland crop

% Irrigated area in Core Soybean Growing Area


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42

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Legend

Agro_eco_region

State Boundary

Percentage of Soybean area to total area in the country(% Area)

0.1 - 0.5

0.5- 1

1 - 1.8

1.8 - 2.7

2.7 - 5.2

% of Soybean Area to Total Area

% of Soybean Area to Total Area in Core Growing Area


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Period Area Output Yield Share in gross cropped area (%)

(‘000 ha) (‘000 tons) (kg/ha)

1971/72 30 25 819 0.18

1975/76 to 1979/80 243 196 805 0.14

1980/81 to 1984/85 786 594 755 0.45

1985/86 to 1989/90 1679 1233 734 0.94

1990/91 to 1994/95 3645 3432 941 1.96

1995/96 to 1999/2000 5794 6232 1076 3.05

2000/01 to 2004/05 6616 6254 945 3.54

Source: Agricultural Statistics at a Glance, Ministry of Agriculture, GOI, various issues

Growth in soybean area and output since 1971 to 2005


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Soil Drainage in Core Soybean Growing Area


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Soil Erosion in Core Soybean Growing Area


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District /State

AER AESR LGP (days)

Rainfall (mm)

PE (mm) Productivity (kg/ha)

Bhind/M.P

North Plains and Central Highlands

4.3 120-150 700-900 1400-1600 745

Gwalior/M.P

4.4 120-150 800-1000 1400-1600 1946

Latur/MH

Deccan Plateau, Hot Semi-Arid

6.2 120-150 700-1000 1700-1900 1149

Nizamabad/ A.P

6.2 120-150 700-1000 1700-1900 1604

Soybean: Comparison of low and high productivity in selected districts /AERs


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STATE: MADHYA PRADESH

PRIORITY Reference District Target District1 TIKAMGARH CHHATARPUR1 GWALIOR SHIVPURI1 JHABUA BARWANI2 GWALIOR SHEOPUR2 RAJGARH SHAJAPUR2 NARSIMHAPUR REWA2 CHHINDWARA SEONI2 CHHINDWARA HOSHANGABAD2 CHHINDWARA SATNA2 CHHINDWARA SIDHI2 INDORE WEST NIMAR2 DEWAS EAST NIMAR2 DHAR JHABUA2 RATLAM MANDSAUR2 RATLAM NEEMURCH3 NARSIMHAPUR RAISEN

Reference and Target Districts of Madhya Pradesh


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STATE: MAHARASHTRA

PRIORITY Reference District Target District2 AKOLA BULDANA2 AKOLA AMRAVATI2 NAGPUR WARDHA2 NAGPUR CHANDRAPUR2 NAGPUR YAVATMAL2 HINGOLI NANDED2 LATUR OSMANABAD2 JALNA BID2 SATARA AHMADNAGAR2 SATARA NASHIK3 JALGAON AKOLA3 JALGAON NANDURBAR3 JALGAON DHULE3 JALGAON NASHIK

Reference and Target Districts of Maharashtra


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Low yields are related to;

Land management practices

Non planting on ridges & furrows

Not adequately P, N & Zn fertilized

Seed not renewed at regular intervals

Poor drainage

Poor germination/ plant stand

Selected KVKs in Maharashtra and M.P

Soybean: Preliminary Survey Results


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Select districts and train KVK scientists for increasing productivity

Future..

Continued..National Academy of Agricultural Research Management

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Target districts with 1000-1200 kg ha-1 productivity raise it to 2000 kg ha-1 in

3-5 years time.

Use GIS and GPS technologies.

Employ farmer – farmer transfer of ‘Good production technologies’.

Our current import bill for soybean oil is very high.

Year Import (‘000 tons)

1990/91 22

1991/92 22

1992/93 62

1993/94 29

1994/95 39

1995/96 101

1996/97 21

1997/98 46

1998/99 440

1999/2000 610

2000/01 583

2001/02 1358

2002/03 1197

2003/04 993

2004/05 1048

Source: Monthly Statistics of Foreign Trade in India, Volume I, Annual Number, Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence & Statistics, Kolkata, Ministry of Commerce & Industry, GOI


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Acknowledgement:

Drs. K V Rao and Ch Srinivasa Rao, CRIDA, HyderabadDr. Ramesh Chand, Director, NCAP, New Delhi

Thank you..


s.m. viramani

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