smaart vers. 7 getting started with smaart 7

7/30/2019 SMAART vers. 7 Getting Started With Smaart 7

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Copyright 2010 Rational Acoustics LLC. All rights reserved.Rational Acoustics and Smaart are registered trademarks of Rational Acoustics LLC.

GettingStartedwithSmaartv7:BasicSetupandMeasurement

Thisguideisanintroductiontothebasicmeasurementandoperationalconcepts

embodiedinRationalAcousticsSmaartv7.Whileinnowayanexhaustivestudy,

thisdocumentservesasastartingpointforuserstofamiliarizethemselveswiththe

fundamentalsofSmaartssingleanddualchannelcapabilities,andprovide

instructionintheconfigurationandoperationofbasicmeasurementsetups.

RegardlessofpastmeasurementexperiencewithpreviousversionsofSmaart,orotheranalysissystems,usersshouldtakethetimetofamiliarizethemselveswith

theprocessofConfiguringSmaartv7forMeasurementdetailedinthisdocument.

UnlikepreviousversionswhichassumedasimpletwochannelI/O,Smaartv7caninterfacewithmultipleI/Odevicessimultaneously,eachwithmultipleinputand

outputchannels.Accordingly,Smaartv7makesnoassumptionsaboutausers

measurementrequirementsanduponfirstrun,beginsitsoperationunconfigured.

Asinpreviousversionshowever,followinginitialsetup,Smaartretainsits

measurementconfigurationforsubsequentsessions.

Pleasenote:inthecaseofthefree/publicdemoversionofthesoftware,theSmaart

measurementconfigurationisnotretainedfromsessiontosession,andmustbe

rebuiltforeachnewsession.Consideritpractice.

Thisguideassumesareaderwithabasicunderstandingofprofessionalaudioequipmentandengineeringpractices.Itconcludeswithalistofrecommended

additionalsourcesofinformationwhereuserscanfurthertheirunderstandingoftheseconcepts.

RationalAcousticsLLCisnotresponsiblefordamagetoyour

equipmentresultingfromimproperuseofthisproduct.Besurethat

youunderstandandobserveproperinputandoutputlevels,

impedancesandwiringconventionsofallsystemcomponentsbeforeattemptinganyofthemeasurementsdescribedinthisdocument.


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TableofContents

GETTINGSTARTEDWITHSMAARTV7:BASICSETUPANDMEASUREMENT ................1

TableofContents ..................................................... ................................................................. .............................. 2

GettingStarted:LoadingandLicensingtheSoftware ................................................... ............................. 4RecommendedComputerHardware ................................................... ................................................. ......................... 4RegisteringtheSoftware ............................................................ ................................................. ........................................ 4

FundamentalConcepts ..................................................... ................................................................. ................... 5SingleChannelvs.DualChannelMeasurements................... .................................................. ................................. 5TimeandFrequencyDomainAnalysis ........................................................... ................................................. .............. 6FFTs ....................................................... ................................................. ........................................................ .............................. 7Smaartv7sObjectOrientedProgramArchitecture ........................................................... .................................... 8

ConfiguringSmaartv7forMeasurements ........................................................... .......................................... 8ConfiguringAudioI/ODevices ....................................................... .................................................. ................................ 9ConfiguringMeasurementGroups .......................................................... ................................................. .....................10

TheSmaartv7GUI(GraphicalUserInterface) ..................................................... ..................................... 12OperationModes...................................................................................................................................................................12 GUIOverviews........................................................................................................................................................................13 Navigation................................................................................................................................................................................14

SpectrumMeasurements ........................................................... ................................................................. ...... 16SpectrumControls................................................................................................................................................................16 RTA..............................................................................................................................................................................................16 Spectrograph ....................................................... ................................................. ........................................................ ..........17

ApplicationExamples ........................................................ ................................................. ................................................18

TransferFunctionMeasurements ...................................................... ........................................................... 21Magnitude ................................................... ................................................. ............................................................ ................22Phase .................................................... .................................................. .......................................................... ..........................22Coherence ................................................... ................................................. ............................................................ ................23TransferFunctionControls ..................................................... ................................................. ........................................23LiveIR........................................................................................................................................................................................24 DelayLocator/DelayTracking......................................................................................................................................25 ApplicationExample:SettinganEqualizerforaLoudspeaker.........................................................................25

DataManagement.. ........................................................... ................................................................. .................. 28

ImpulseResponseMeasurements ...................................................... ........................................................... 29ImpulseResponseControls..............................................................................................................................................29 Log/Lin/ETCViews ............................................................. .................................................. ..............................................31FrequencyDomainView....................................................................................................................................................31 IRModeSpectrograph........................................................................................................................................................33

Appendices ..................................................... ................................................................. ...................................... 35HotKeys(AcceleratorKeys)............................................................................................................................................35 SelfHelp:WheretogoforAnswers..............................................................................................................................36


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RecommendedReading .................................................. .................................................. .................................................36

Figure1:DualChannelvs.SingleChannelMeasurementsinTimeDomainvs.

FrequencyDomain........................................... ............................................. .................................. 7

Figure2:TransferFunctionsMTWvs.Single16kFFT ............................................. ............. 8Figure3:OptionsMenu ........................................... ............................................. .................................. 9

Figure4:OptionsAudioI/O.............................................................................................................10

Figure5:GroupManagerButton......................................................................................................10

Figure6:TheGroupManagerDialogapowerfulinterfaceforconfiguring,

controllingandadaptingourmeasurementsystem. .......................................... ...........11

Figure7:InputButtoncreatesanewsinglechannelmeasurement. ............................11

Figure8:NewPaircreatesanewdualchannelmeasurementobject...........................11

Figure9:GroupTabViewsectionoftheGroupManagerdialogshowingliveaverage

setup....................................................................................................................................................12

Figure10:TheSmaartv7InterfaceRealTimeMode...........................................................13

Figure11:TheSmaartv7UserInterfaceImpulseAnalysisMode ..................................14Figure12:PlotTypeSelectionforRealTimeModeDataWindows .................................14Figure13:WindowLayoutButtonsforRealTimeMode......................................................15

Figure14:PreSetViews ......................................... ............................................. ................................15

Figure15:SpectrumControlStrip...................................................................................................16Figure16:GlobalSpectrumSettingsfromGroupManager ....................................... ...........16

Figure17:SpectrumRTAScaleandAveragingAdjust.........................................................17

Figure18:SpectrographThresholds ....................................... ............................................. ..........17

Figure19:SpectrographSettingsinSpectrumOptions ....................................... ..................18

Figure20:SystemConfigurationforMonitoringFeedback..................................................19

Figure21:FeedbackDisplayedinRTAandSpectrographPlots.........................................19

Figure22:CombFilterInteractionPatternsViewedintheSpectrographPlot ...........20Figure23:SystemConfigurationforInteractionStudy..........................................................20

Figure24:TransferFunction ....................................... ............................................. .........................21

Figure25:TransferFunctionMagnitudeTrace ........................................ .................................22

Figure26:TransferFunctionPhaseTrace ........................................... ........................................22

Figure27:TransferFunctionCoherenceTrace.......................................................................23

Figure28:TransferFunctionControls...........................................................................................23Figure29:Smoothing ....................................... ............................................. ........................................24

Figure30:LiveIRSettings...................................................................................................................24

Figure31:LiveIRWindow..................................................................................................................25Figure32:TFControlObject ........................................ ............................................. .........................25

Figure33:TransferFunctionSampleConfiguration.............................................................26Figure34:InitialTransferFunctionMeasurementLoudspeakerandEQ ...................27

Figure35:TransferFunctionMeasurementInitialSpeakerResponse(Stored),EQ

Trace(inverted)andEqualizedSpeaker.............................................................................27

Figure36:DataStorageStrip ....................................... ............................................. .........................28

Figure37:Data"ToolTip"Information.........................................................................................28


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GettingStarted:LoadingandLicensingtheSoftwareToinstallSmaartv7onacomputer,theuserrunstheWindowsinstaller(for

WindowsOSs)ordragsthesoftwareapplicationbundleintoyourapplications

folder(MacOSs).

RecommendedComputerHardware

WhileSmaartv7willoperateonawiderangeofcomputerhardwareconfigurations,

werecommendthefollowingminimumcomputerconfigurationfornew

installations:Windows

OperatingSystem:MicrosoftXP,VistaorWindows7(32&64bit)

CPU:2GHzDualCoreIntelProcessororfaster(orcompatible)

RAM:2GBorgreater

Video:Graphicsprocessorwith128MdedicatedvideoRAM,minimum1024x600pixeldisplay

SoundHardware:AudioHardwarewithOScompatibleASIO,Wav/WDMdrivers.

MacintoshOperatingSystem:MacOSX10.5or10.6(LeopardandSnowLeopard)

CPU:2GHzDualCoreIntelProcessororfaster(orcompatible)

RAM:2GBorgreater

Video:Graphicsprocessorwith128MdedicatedvideoRAM,minimum1024x600pixeldisplay

SoundHardware:AudioHardwarewithOScompatibleCoreAudiodrivers.

RegisteringtheSoftware

Followinginitialinstallation,onfirstrunofthesoftware,theuserispresentedwith

anactivationscreencontainingthatcomputers10digitMachineIDandisasked

foranActivationCodetoauthorizethisinstallation.ThisMachineIDisauniquecodeforthatidentifiesthatcomputer.Likewise,theActivationCodeisauniquecode

thatwillonlyworkforthecomputerwiththatMachineID(muchthesameas

SmaartLivev5sPIC).

Iftheinstallationisonacomputerthatisconnectedtotheinternet,theusercanchoosetheActivateOnlineNowoptiontoacquirethenecessarycodeandactivate

theinstallation.Otherwise,theusershouldmakenoteoftheMachineIDandaccess

Smaartslicensingsystemathttp://my.RationalAcoustics.comviaanothercomputer

toacquirethenecessarycodetoactivatethisinstallation.

Ineithercase,theusermustentertheirSmaartv7licensenumber(20alpha

numericcharacters:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX),andthepasswordfortheuser

accounttowhichthelicenseisregistered.IftheSmaartv7Licensehasnotyetbeen

registeredtoauseraccount,theusermustfirsteithercreateanewaccountand

password,orchooseanexistingaccounttoregisteritto(i.e.yourSmaart6licenseaccount.)EachlicenseofSmaartv7allowsfortwoinstallationsofthesoftware.

UsersmaypurchaseadditionalinstallationsforanylicensebycontactingRational

Acousticsorauthorizedrepresentative.


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Note:Smaartsoftwareislicensedtoasingleuserdefinedaseither

asinglepersonorcompany.Allsoftwareinstallationsforagiven

licensemustbeperformeduponcomputersownedbythatuser.

FundamentalConceptsDependingupontheapplication,operatingSmaarteffectivelyrequiresaworking

understandingofwiderangeofsystemmeasurementconceptsandprofessional

audioengineeringpractices.Whileitisoutsidethescopeofthisdocumenttocover

themall,thissectionhighlightsafewcriticalconceptsthatwillsignificantlyassistin

understandingSmaartv7soperationanditsapplication.

Thisdocumentincludesanappendiceswhichhasalistofrecommendedadditionalsourcesofinformationwhereuserscanfurthertheirunderstandingofthese

concepts.

SingleChannelvs.DualChannelMeasurements

Initsessence,Smaartperformstwodistincttypesofmeasurement:singlechannel

(signalanalysis)anddualchannel(responseanalysis).

Singlechannelmeasurementsexamineasignalatsinglepointinasystem,andcould

bestbedescribedassignalanalysismeasurements.Theseoperationsquantify

aspectslikesignallevelandfrequencycontent,andappearinSmaartasSpectrum

(RTAandSpectrograph)andSPLmeasurements.Withsinglechannel,theuser

acquiresasignalviaanelectricalprobe(signalsplit)oranacousticalprobe

(microphone),andexaminesthecontentofthatsignaldirectly.Singlechannelmethodsprovideanabsolutemeasurement,andhelptoansweranengineers

questionslikehowmuch1kHzenergyisinthatsignal?whatisthatfrequency?orwhatistheSPLatthisplaceinthevenue?.

Dualchannelmeasurementscomparetwosignalsinordertoexaminethe

relationshipbetweenthem.InSmaartsimplementations,wecomparetheinput

signalofasystem(reference)toitscorrespondingoutputsignal(measurement)toexaminewhatthesystemisdoingtothesignalsthatpassthroughit.Thesecould

bestbedescribedassystemresponsemeasurements,andinSmaart,werelyon

dualchannelmethodstomeasurebothasystemsfrequencyresponse(transfer

function)andimpulseresponse.Dualchannelmethodsprovidearelativemeasurement(inputvs.output),andhelptoanswerquestionslikewhatisthe

crossoverfrequencyinoursystemhowmuchboost/cut?orwhenistheenergy

frommymainspeakerarrivingatthemic?

Bothtypesofmeasurement,singleanddualchannel,areextremelypowerfultools

fortheaudioengineerwhounderstandstheirindividualstrengthsandweaknesses


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whounderstandwhattheyaremeasuring,andjustasimportantly,whattheyare

not.Fartoooften,baddecisionswhenusingananalyzeraretheresultofengineers

confusing/conflatingthesemeasurementtypes.

InSmaartv7,themeasurementprocessbeginswiththegroupconfigurationprocesswherewedictatewhatsinglechannel(Spectrum)anddualchannel(Response)measurementswewishtouse.

TimeandFrequencyDomainAnalysis

AbasicunderstandingoftherelativestrengthsanddifferencesbetweenTimeandFrequencyDomainanalysisiscriticaltoleveragingthemeasurementpower

presentedinSmaart.Asproblemsolvingengineers,theabilitytoexaminea

measurementfrommultipleperspectives(domains)isextremelyusefulinthe

processofanalyzingasignalorsystemresponse.EachofSmaartv7sprimary

modesofoperation(RealTimeandImpulseAnalysis)includebothTimeand

FrequencyDomainmeasurementviews.

TimeDomainanalysisrefersexaminingoursignalsandsystemresponseovertime.

Atimedomainplot(amplitudevs.time)ofasignalprovidesaviewofthewaveform

acriticalviewforsoundeditors.Atimedomainviewofasystemresponse

(impulseresponse)showsthesignaldelaythroughthesystem,andwhetherany

latearrivingmultiplesofthesignal(reflections/reverberence)arepresent.

FrequencyDomainanalysisreferstoexamingoursignalsandsystemresponses

overfrequency.Afrequencydomainplot(amplitudevsfrequency)ofasignal

providesaviewofitsspectrumanextremelyhelpfulviewwhenidentifyingtonal

contentorlookingforfeedback.Afrequencydomainviewofsystemresponse(transferfunctionorfrequencyresponse)providesanexcellentlookatthetonalresponseofasystemaswellasitstime/phaseresponsebyfrequency.

Inthefigurebelow,anexcellentexampleofthepowerofutilizingbothtimeandfrequencydomainviewsforexaminingsystemresponseisclearlydisplayed.The

FrequencyResponsemeasurementdepictsaresponsewithaseriesoflinearly

spaceddipsandpeaksinitsmagnitudetrace(lowertrace).Howeverthatrippleis

thesymptomthecauseofthisripplecanbeclearlyseenintheTimeDomainview

ofthesystemresponseanobvioussecondarrivalintheimpulseresponseisthe

sourceofthecombfilterrippleseeninfrequencydomain.


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Figure1:Dual-Channelvs.Single-ChannelMeasurementsinTimeDomainvs.FrequencyDomain

FFTs

SmaartusesFastFourierTransforms(FFTs)andInverseFourierTransforms(IFTs)

totranslatedatabetweenTimedomainandFrequencydomainviews.Ineffect,anFFTtakesasectionofaTimedomainwaveformandprovidesthefrequencycontent

ofthatselectedpieceofsignal.Whilearigorousunderstandingofthismathematical

processesisnotrequiredtooperateSmaart,itisusefultoappreciatetheinversely

proportionalrelationshipbetweendatainthetwodomains,whereFrequency

Resolution=1/TimeConstant(FR=1/TC).Inotherwords,toincreasethe

resolutionofspectrumdata,onemustuselargertimeslicesoftheinputsignal.

OfparticularnotehereisSmaartv7sdefaultFFTsettingforTransferFunction

measurements,MTW(MultiTimeWindow.)InsteadofusingoneFFTofasingle

fixedlength,MTWusesmultipleFFTsofdecreasinglengthwithincreasing

frequency.Thisefficientprocessprovidestransferfunctiondatawithaconsistentresolutionofgreaterthan48thoctaveabove60Hzwithacoherencefunctionthatis

increasinglysensitivetolatereflectivedatainthehigherfrequencies.Thefigurebelowshowsacomparisonofthesametransferfunctionmeasurementmadewith

MTWvs.asingle16kFFTsettings.NoticethatMTWFFThasbetterresolutioninthe

LFwhilethe16ktracehasexcessresolutionintheHF.


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Figure2:TransferFunctions-MTWvs.Single16kFFT

Formoreinformationonthissubject,anindepthtreatmentofFFTscanbefoundin

theSmaartLiveTechNoteFFTFundamentals.

Smaartv7sObjectOrientedProgramArchitecture

OneofthemostpowerfulaspectsofthenewSmaartv7platformisitsobject

orientedprogramarchitecture.Effectively,theprogramisbuiltofmanyindividualcodemodulesthatarerunasindependent,interrelatedprograms(objects).

Dataacquisitionishandledbytheinputmodule(s),singlechannelanddualchannel

measurementsarehandledbyindividualspectrumandresponseobjects,andthegraphingandGUI(graphicuserinterface)aretheirownseparateobjectsaswell.

Thisarchitecturecreatesameasurementenvironmentthateasilyscalabletoa

usersindividualrequirements.Ineffect,youcanrunasmanysimultaneoussingle

channel(spectrum)anddualchannel(response)measurementsasyourPCand

audioI/O(Input/Output)hardwarewillallow.

ThisalsomeansthatSmaartsmeasurementplotsareseparateobjectsfromthedata

theygraph.Theimmediatebenefitofthisrelationshipistheusersabilitytochange

displayparameters(smoothing,banding,spectrographrange,coherenceblanking,

tracecolor)ontheflywithouthavingtorecalculate/remeasurethedataforthe

newdisplayparameters.

ConfiguringSmaartv7forMeasurementsThemeasurementprocesswithSmaartv7beginswiththeconfigurationofsingle

channel(spectrum)anddualchannel(response)measurements.Thissection

detailstheprocessandfunctionsinvolvedinconfiguringthesoftwarefor

measurement.


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UnlikepreviousversionsofthesoftwarewhichassumedasimpletwochannelI/O,

Smaartv7caninterfacewithmultipleI/Odevices,eachwithmultipleinputand

outputchannels.Accordingly,Smaartv7makesnoassumptionsaboutausersI/O

capabilitiesandmeasurementrequirements,andsouponfirstrun,beginsitsinitial

operationunconfigured.Asinpreviousversionshowever,followinginitialsetup,Smaartretainsitsmeasurementconfigurationforsubsequentsessions.

Note:inthecaseofthefree/publicdemoversionofthesoftware,

Smaartsmeasurementconfigurationisnotretainedfromsessionto

session,andmustberebuiltforeachnewsession.

Smaartv7isabletoacquireinputsignalsfromanydeviceswith.wav,CoreAudio,or

ASIOdriversthatarerecognizablebythecomputersOperatingSystem(OS).Infact,

itcangrabmultiplesignalsfrommultiplesourcessimultaneously.(Note:onlyone

ASIOsourcecanbeaccessedatatime)

WhenSmaartv7starts,theuserispresented

withthissplashscreen.Whilethisis

displayed,SmaartcheckstoseewhatI/O

devicesareavailabletoyourOS.ItisherethatSmaartbuildsitslistofinputdevices,

andonceadevicehasbeendiscovered,itwillcontinuetoshowupforconfigurationin

subsequentrunsevenifitisnotconnected

atlaterstartups.

Note:WhileanI/OdevicemayshowupinSmaartslistofconfigurable

devices,itmustbeconnectedtoyourcomputeratthetimeofstartup

tobeaccessibleduringprogramruntime.

ConfiguringAudioI/ODevices

Whilethisconfigurationisnotrequiredtousedevicesincreatingandperforming

measurements,I/Odevice(s)canbeconfiguredbytheuserintheI/OOptions

dialog.Thisconfigurationcomprisesadjustingthedevicessamplerate,bitdepth,

andassigningthedeviceanditschannelsfriendlynamesnamesthathelpusersidentifysignalsanddevicesastheyconfiguretheirindividual

measurements.

TheAudioI/OOptionsDialogueisaccessedviatheOptions

Menuorbyusingthehotkeycommand[Opt+A](HotKeysare

Smaartsbuiltin,keyboardbasedcommands).

Figure3:OptionsMenu


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Options:AudioI/Odialog

Userselectsdevicefromthedropdown

list(populatedatstartup).

Usercanassignfriendlynamestothedeviceandindividualchannels.

Note:Remembertopress[enter]after

typingfriendlynames,ortheywillnotbe

retained.

ConfiguringMeasurementGroups

ToperformmeasurementswithSmaartv7,ausermustconstructtheir

measurementconfiguration.Remember,insteadofafixedmeasurementtopology,Smaartv7sobjectorientedarchitectureallowsausertoconfigureasmanysingle

channel(Spectrum)anddualchannel(Response)measurementobjectsasthey

wishfromtheAudioI/Ochannelsavailable.Moreover,thesemeasurementscanbe

runeitherindividuallyorsimultaneously,dependingupontheusersrequirements.

Inordertostructureandmanageourconfiguration,weorganizeour

measurementsintoSpectrumandResponseGroups.Thisis

accomplishedintheGroupManagerOptionsDialogwhichisaccessedeitherviaOptionsMenu,byusingthehotkeycommand[Opt+G],or

byclickingontheGroupManagerbuttonlocatedinthemeasurement

controlsareaoftheuserinterface.

Figure5:Group

ManagerButton

Figure4:Options-AudioI/O


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FromtheGroupManagerDialog,auserdefinestheirmeasurementobjectsand

organizesthemintogroups.

Theleftsideofthisdialogisdedicatedtoatreeviewofthemeasurement

configuration.Hereone

views/creates/copies/deletesSpectrumandResponse

groupsandviewsthe

individualmeasurements

assignedtoeach.

Thistreealsoactsasthe

navigation/selectorfortheGroupTabViewontheleft

sideofthisscreen.

Onceagrouphasbeencreated,ausercanselectitfromthetreeandadda

measurementtothegroupbyclickingontheNewInput(Spectrum)orNewPair(Response)button.

Whenconfiguringanewsinglechannel

measurementwithinaSpectrumgroup,theuserselectsthedesiredI/Odeviceand

inputchannel.Whenconfiguringanewdualchannelmeasurementwithina

Responsegroup,theuserselectsthedesiredI/Odeviceandameasurementandareferencechannelforthatobject.Inbothcases,thedropdownmenuswillshow

friendlynamesforthedeviceandinputchannelsthatwereconfiguredforthat

device.

Note:Meas.AndRefchannelsforaResponsemeasurementmustbe

selectedfromthesameI/Odevice.

Figure6:TheGroupManagerDialog-apowerfulinterfacefor

configuring,controllingandadaptingourmeasurementsystem.

Figure7:InputButton-createsanew

single-channelmeasurement. Figure8:NewPair-createsanewdual-

channelmeasurementobject.


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FromtheTabViewsectionoftheGroup

Managerdialog,ausercanorganizeeach

measurementgroup;adjusttheorderthat

eachappearsinonthemainUI,changetheselectedinputsignals,set/changethenameandcolorforeachtrace,and

configureliveAveragemeasurements

(usingtheNewAveragebutton.)LiveAveragesaremeasurementswhichare

calculatedfromaveragesofotheractive

measurementsinthatgroup.

EachmeasurementobjectconfiguredintheGroupManagerDialogisbasicallya

completeSmaartmeasurementengineinitselfeachwithitsowndefinablesetof

measurementparameters.Consequently,eachobjectinthegrouphasitsownTabinthisviewwhereuserscanaddressthoseindividualmeasurementparametersif

required.Theglobalandindividualcontrolofmeasurementparametersfromwithin

theGroupManagershallbecoveredinmoredetailforeachtypeofmeasurement

laterinthisdocument.

Note:Whileitisrelativelyeasytoconfigureandsimultaneouslyrunmultipleresponsemeasurements,itisHIGHLYrecommendedthatnew

(andevenexperienced)usersstartwithsimpleconfigurationsand

buildupslowlyastheygetusedtomanagingmultiplesimultaneous

measurements.

TheSmaartv7GUI(GraphicalUserInterface)ThissectionprovidesabasictouroftheSmaartv7userinterfaceandreviewsits

primarynavigationaltoolsandconcepts.Asthefeaturesetandfunctionalityofv7expands,thiswillalwaysbeanareaofcontinualenhancement,however,the

standardlayouts,navigationtoolsandparadigmsdetailedherewillstillpersist.

OperationModes

Smaartoperatesintwodistinctmeasurementmodes:RealTimeandImpulse

Response.Whilebothmodeshavetheabilitytoactivelymeasureanddisplay

frequencydomainandtimedomaindata,thefundamentaldistinctionbetweenthesemodesistheiroperationalfocus.RealTimemodeisdesignedasanenvironmentfor

efficientlymeasuringandcapturingspectrumandresponsemeasurementsofteninmultiplesspecificallyoptimizedforinsitusystemalignmentandmix

engineeringwork.ImpulseResponsemodeisdesignedtoprovidearobustand

intuitivesetoftoolsformeasuringandexaminingtheacousticalresponseof

systemsandenvironments.Smaartv7sImpulseResponsemodehasbeen

Figure9:GroupTabViewsectionoftheGroup

Managerdialogshowingliveaveragesetup


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significantlyexpandedfrompastversions(andwillcontinuetoexpand)toinclude

muchofthefunctionalityfromtheSmaartAcousticToolssoftwarepackage.

GUIOverviews

ThegenerallayoutoftheGUIforRealTimeandImpulseResponsemodes:

Figure10:TheSmaartv7Interface-Real-TimeMode


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Figure11:TheSmaartv7UserInterface-ImpulseAnalysisMode

EachmodecontainsaControlStripontherightsideoftheinterface,andtheRealTimemodeincludesaDataStorageareaonitsleftside.Themajorityofeachmodes

GUIhoweverisdedicatedtotheplotarea.Theuppermostportionofthissectionis

devotedtoacursorreadoutthatdisplaysthecoordinatesofthemousecursorin

amplitude,frequencyortimeunits,dependingonthecharttype,whenthemouse

cursorispositionedoveranyofthemaindataplots.

Navigation

Therearethreebasicelementsinnavigating,controllingandconfiguringSmaartv7:

GUIviamousecontrols,menus/optiondialogs,andhotkeys.Inmostcases,thereare

multiplewaysofcontrollingthesamefunctionthisisparticularlyimportantfor

usecaseswhereonemethodispreferableoveranother(e.g.auseroperatingona

tabletcomputerwherekeyboardcontrolarenotconvenient.)Acomplete,current

listingofthehotkeyfunctionsisalwaysavailableinthesoftwareshelpfiles.

Thatsaid,Smaartv7sGUIisbuiltformousebasedcontrolasitsprimaryinteractionmodeeitherthroughbuttonsanddata

fieldsinthecontrolstripanddataareas,orthroughclickanddragcontrolsinthedataplotareas.Manyofthevarious

controlsforeachmodewillbecoveredinthespecificsections

ofthisdocumentthatdealwiththespecificmeasurementtypes.

Herehowever,wewillcoverthecontrolsthatdeal

specificallywithmeasurementandmodeselection,and

viewcontrol.

Figure12:PlotTypeSelectionfor

Real-TimeModeDataWindows


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MeasurementSelection:

Inthedatawindowsforbothmodes,theusercanselectthemeasurement/plottype

thatisdisplayedineachwindowbyselectingadropdownmenufromtheplottype

labelintheupperleftcorneroftheplot.WindowLayoutSelection:

Layoutselectorbuttonsinthecontrolstripsetthe

numberofdatawindows(1or2)andinthecaseofTransferFunctiondisplays,toggledisplayofthe

optionalliveimpulseresponse(LiveIR)display.

Whenoperatingwithasplitdisplay,oneofthetwo

mainchartsisconsideredtheactive,orselectedchart.

Thecolorofthemarginssurroundingtheplotindicateswhichofthetwois

currentlyselected.

Note:TheControlStripandDataStorageareasintheRealTimeMode

alwayscorrespondwiththeactivedatawindowmeasurementtype.

DirectlyabovetheWindowLayoutbuttonsintheRealTime

Modearetwobuttonsthatrecallstandard,preset

measurementviews.TheSpectrumbuttondisplaysasingle

plotwindowwithRTAasthechosendatatype.TheTransferbuttonsswitchestoatwowindowdisplaywithPhasedisplayedintheupper

windowandMagnitudeinthelower.

ModeSelection:

UserscantogglebetweenmeasurementmodesusingeithertheModebuttonsinthe

controlstrip,viatheModemenu,orbyusingthe[I]and[R]hotkeys.

Zooming:

Userscanzoominanyofthedatawindowsbyusingarubberbandzoombyeither

holding[command]+(leftbutton)clickinganddragging,or(rightbutton)clickinganddraggingazoomareaontheplot.Hotkeysarealsoavailableforzoom

commands.

Note:ClickingontheX(horizontal)orY(vertical)axisofanydataplot

willresetitszoomrangestodefault.

Figure13:WindowLayoutButtons

forReal-TimeMode

Figure14:Pre-SetViews


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SpectrumMeasurementsSmaartssinglechannelSpectrummeasurementsallowausertoexaminethe

spectralcontentofaudiosignalsthroughouttheirsystem.Thesemeasurementsare

extremelyusefulinmanyapplications,includingthelocationoffeedback

frequenciesinsoundreinforcement,noiseandsoundexposuremeasurements,cinemasystemoptimization,aswellasgeneralsignalmonitoringtasks.

DatafromSmaartsSpectrummeasurementsareviewableasastandardRTA(Real

TimeAnalyzer)plots,orgraphedovertimeinathreedimensional(levelvs.

frequencyvs.time)Spectrographplot.

SpectrumControls

Onceconfigured,

individualSpectrummeasurementsappearas

elementsintheSpectrumcontrolstrip.Here,the

usercanchoosewhich

measurementstoactively

run ,monitortheinput

levelofthesignal,andshow/hidethetrace.

GlobalSpectrumSettings:Bydefault,allSpectrumobjectsusethesameglobal,userconfigurable

measurementanddisplayparameters(FFT,Averaging,WeightingandScale).The

globalScaleandAveragingsettingscanbeadjusteddirectlyfromtheSpectrum

ControlStrip,whileallglobalsettingscanbeaddressedintheGroupManager

dialog.

Moreover,Averagingand

Weightingcansetseparatelyfor

eachmeasurement(ifdesired)

intheindividualmeasurementstabinthe

GroupManagercontrols.

RTA

Therealtimeanalyzer,orRTA,isafamiliartooltoaudioprofessionals.Byadjusting

thescaleandaveraging,auserisablerefinetheirmeasurementsresolutionand

responsivenesstofitthetaskathand.

Figure15:SpectrumControlStrip

Figure16:GlobalSpectrumSettingsfromGroupManager


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Figure17:SpectrumRTA-ScaleandAveragingAdjust

Spectrograph

WhiletheRTAhashistoricallybeen,byfar,themostcommonlyusedviewofa

Spectrumforprofessionalaudioengineers,anotherwayofdisplayingthisdatais

extremelyilluminatingandhas

beencommonlyappliedforyears

inthefieldsofvoicerecognition,

vibrationanalysisandunderwateracoustics(on

submarines).Smaarts

Spectrographdisplay(orSpectrogram,asitismore

generallyknown)isaplotofasignalsspectrumovertime.This

hybriddisplaygraphsa

continuousseriesofSpectrummeasurementswithfrequencyon

oneaxis,timeonanother,and

levelindicatedbythetracecolor.InSmaart,thisgraphis

fundamentallygovernedbysetting

thethresholdlevelatwhichdatabeginstoappearonthegraph.Whenafrequency

bandinthespectrumisoverthelowerthreshold,itshowsupontheplot,starting

withadarkbluecoloratlowerlevels,andtransitioningthroughgreen,yellow,

Figure18:SpectrographThresholds


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orangeandredwithhigherleveleventuallyshowingupaswhiteifthelevel

reachesorexceedstheupperthreshold.

Thekeytocreatingausefulspectrographisinsettingthedynamicrangeforthe

displayinsettingthethresholdsforshowing/hidingthespectraldata.Settherangetoowideandthedisplaylosesdefinition,andimportantfeaturesmaygetlost.Setittoonarroworthelowerthresholdtoohighanddatamightgetmissed

altogether.

OneofthepowerfulnewfeaturesinSmaartv7istheThresholdAdjustmentHandles

thatareavailableontheleftaxisofRTAandSpectrographplots.Withthese

controls,ausercanadjustspectrographthresholdsdynamicallywithouthavingtoreacquirethedata.

Moreover,Smaartv7s

spectrographretainsahistoryofthelastxslices(spectrum

measurements),andausercan

scrollthedisplaybackthrough

olderdatainthehistoryifithas

passedoffofthedisplay.Auser

canaccessandadjustthesizeofthishistoryfile,aswellasthedisplaywidthforeachslice,intheSpectrumOptionsdialog.

Note:Smaartonlygraphsdatafromtheactivespectrummeasurementevenifmultiplesingle-channelmeasurementsare

runningsimultaneously.

ApplicationExamples

Whatfollowsaretwoexamplesofspectrummeasurementsusedincommon,realworldapplications.ThefirstusesbothRTAandSpectrographforexamining

frequencycontentspecifically,inidentifyingfeedbackfrequencies.Thesecond

usesthespectrographtoexamineinteractionpatterns(combfiltering)thatare

causedbydirectsoundinteractingreflectionswithnearboundaries.

FeedbackIdentification:Inthisexample,avocalmicrophoneisroutedthroughasimplesoundsystem.For

ourSpectrummeasurementweacquiretheoutputsignalofthemixingconsole.

Figure19:SpectrographSettingsinSpectrumOptions


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Thevocalmicgainis

raiseduntilweget

feedback.

Thefeedbacktonecan

beidentifiedasaverticalbarat1.24kHz

intheRTAdisplay.

However,becausethereisalsoother

signalgoingthroughthesystematthesame

timeasthefeedback,it

iseasiertodistinguish

theverticallineofthe

constantfeedbacktone

intheSpectrograph

plot.

Figure21:FeedbackDisplayedinRTAandSpectrographPlots

Figure20:SystemConfigurationforMonitoringFeedback


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ExaminingInteractionPatternswithSpectrograph:ThefollowingisasimpletechniquethatusestheSpectrographforexamining

coverageandinteractionpatternsinloudspeakersystems.Simplyput,theuser

excitesthesystemwithpinknoisewhichshouldproducearelativelyconstant

level/coloratallfrequenciesonaspectrographplotandthenmovesthe

measurementmicthroughthelisteningenvironment.Levelvariationsfrominteractions,liketheaudiblecombfilteringcausedbyreflections,canbeseenas

interactionpatternsonthespectrographplotofthemicsignal.Adjustingthe

dynamicrangehelpstobetterhighlighttheinteractionpatterns.

Figure23:SystemConfigurationforInteractionStudy

Figure22:CombFilterInteractionPatternsViewedintheSpectrographPlot


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TransferFunctionMeasurementsTransferFunctionisadualchannelmeasurementthatdeterminesasystems

frequencyresponsebycomparingitsinputsignal(reference)toitsoutputsignal(measurement).Thismeasurementshowsthedifferencebetweenthosetwosignals

inbothmagnitudeandphaseandrepresentstheprocessingbehaviorofthesystem

asafunctionoffrequency.

Figure24:TransferFunction

SmaartsTransferFunctionmeasurementallowsausertoexaminethefrequency

responseofvariouscomponentsoftheirsoundsystem,bothelectrical(EQs,mixers,

processors)andelectroacoustical(loudspeakers,theirenvironmentandtheirdrive

electronics).Thesemeasurementsareextremelyusefulinmanyapplications,

includingloudspeakerdesign,equipmentevaluation,equalizationandsystem

optimization.

DatafromSmaartsTransferFunctionmeasurementsareviewableasfourseparate

traces,onthreeseparateplots/windows:magnituderesponseandcoherence(same

window),phase,andliveIR(timedomainplot).

Note:AstoredTransferFunctionmeasurementcomprisesthe

Magnitude,PhaseandCoherencetracesLiveIRisnotcaptured.


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Magnitude

TheMagnitudewindowshowsboththeMagnitudeportionofthetransferfunction

(frequencyresponse),andtheCoherencetrace(seebelow).Inthemagnitudeplot,

gainandlossshowupasdeviationfromthecenter0dB

line.

Figure25:TransferFunctionMagnitudeTrace

Theusercanclickanddragamagnitudetraceupanddowntomoveitverticallyon

theplot.

Phase

ThePhaseplotdisplaysthePhaseportionoftheTransferFunctionmeasurement.

Thisplotshowsthedifference(indegrees)betweenthereferenceandmeasurement

signals,andprovidesanindicationofoverallrelativetimingbyfrequency,phase

shiftduetofilteringandsystempolarity.Thephaseplotiscircularthrough360o

thetopoftheplot(180o)isthesameplaceasthebottomoftheplot(180o).The

phasetracebelowshowsacontinuoustracethatleavesthebottomoftheplotandcontinuesonfromthetop.

Figure26:TransferFunctionPhaseTrace


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Theusercanclickanddragaphasetraceverticallytochangethepositionofthe0o

point.Regardlessofthepositionof0o,thephasetracealwaysdisplaysarangeof

360oinitsstandard,wrappeddisplayformat.

Coherence

TheCoherencetracedisplaysthestabilityoftheTransferFunctiondataoverthe

givenseriesofmeasurements/averages,andisexpressedasapercentagefrom0

(badcoh.inconsistentdata)to100%(highlyconsistentdata.)IftheTransfer

Functionsaveragerissettoinstantaneous,Coherenceisnotcalculated.

TheCoherencetraceisplottedusingtheupperoftheMagnitudewindow.

Therearethreegeneralcausesofreducedcoherence.First,aproblemwiththe

measurementsystemmostcommonly,nothavingthemeasurementdelayset

properly(seebelow).Second,environmentalnoisecausingmeasurement

contaminationlossofsignaltonoise.Andthird,excessreverberance/dropofDirecttoReverbratiointhemeasurementsystem.Onanongoingbasis,the

Coherencetraceprovidesanexcellentindicationofsystemintelligibility,andisa

goodsourceoffeedbackonsystem/measurementquality.

Figure27:TransferFunction-CoherenceTrace

SmaartutilizesablankingfunctionthatwillhideTransferFunctiondatafromthe

plotatfrequencieswhereCoherenceisbelowasetblankingthreshold.Theusercan

setthisinTransferFunctionoptions,orusetheadjustmenthandleonthe

magnitudeplot(nexttothecoherencescaleintheupperright).

TransferFunctionControls

LikeSpectrum,allTransferfunctionmeasurementsbydefaultuse

thesameGlobalTFSettingsforFFT,Averaging,Smoothing,etc,

unlesstheyaresettoignorethosesettingsinthemeasurements

individualtabintheGroupManager.

Figure28:TransferFunctionControls


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Averaging:

Averagingameasurementstabilizesthemeasurementandhelpsrejectuncorrelatednoise.TheSmaartv7usesastandardFIFO(FirstIn,FirstOut)forthelowerlevelsofaveraging(2,4,8,16)andthenswitchestoaccumulatorsabovethat(1sec,2sec,

etc).Theseaccumulatorsprovidesignificantimprovementsinstabilityoverpast

largerFIFOsandarepreferredforacousticmeasurements.

Smoothing

Smaartv7includesnewFractionalOctavesmoothingalgorithmsforreducingthe

rippleinTFtracesandaidinginviewingthegeneraltrendsofthedatacurves.

LiveIR

TheTransferFunctioncanbeviewedasaLiveIR.ThisdisplayshowstheImpulseResponseinalinearscale,timedomain

viewwiththeTFmeasurementdelay

timelocatedatthecenterofthescreen.

LiveIRsettingscanbeadjustedinthe

TransferFunctionOptionsdialog.

Figure29:Smoothing

Figure30:LiveIRSettings


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Figure31:LiveIRWindow

DelayLocator/DelayTracking

TransferFunctioniscalculatedbycomparingthesignaloninputtoasystemtoits

correspondingoutputsignal.Mosttimes,thereissomedelaythroughthesystem,

oftentheresultoflatencyintheprocessing,signaldelayandacousticpropagation

time.Eachtransferfunctionobjecthasameasurement

delaythatcanbeusedtodelaytheinput/reference

signaltoitsoutput/measurementsignal.Accordingly,

SmaarthasabuiltinDelayLocatorfunctionthat

performsanimpulseresponsemeasurement,andreturnsthetimeassociatedwiththetallestpeak

normallythedelaytimeassociatedwiththearrivalofthe

directsound.Foreachmeasurementobject,thisfunctioncanbecalledwiththe

Findbuttoninitsindividualmeasurementcontrol.

Alternatively,theusercanchoosetohaveanindividualmeasurementobject

continuouslytrackthemeasurementdelay(usingthesamebasicfunctionasLive

IR)bypressingtheTrackbuttonorindicatorlightlocatedinthemeasurements

individualcontrol.

Note:TheTrackfunctiondoesconsumesomeprocessorresources,soifyourmeasurementdelayisnotchanging(themicorspeakerisnot

activelymoving,)itisprobablybesttoturntrackoffoncethe

measurementdelayhasbeenacquired.

ApplicationExample:SettinganEqualizerforaLoudspeaker

Inthisexample,anengineermeasurestheTransferFunctionofaloudspeaker,and

thenadjustsanequalizertoflattenitsoverallresponse.Here,theuserhasamulti

channelI/O,someasurementsoftheEqualizer(MixOutcomparedtoEQOut)and

completeloudspeakersystem(MixOutcomparedtoMicrophone)canbeperformed

simultaneously.Thisexamplecouldalsobeaccomplishedperformingthosemeasurementsindividually/sequentially.Thisexampleusesthefollowing

hardware

Figure32:TFControlObject


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configuration.

Figure33:TransferFunction-SampleConfiguration


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Thisconfigurationproducesthefollowinginitialmeasurements.

Figure34:InitialTransferFunctionMeasurement-LoudspeakerandEQ

Nextwecapturetheloudspeakerresponsetrace,adjusttheEQandviewtheresults

intheactiveMicOnemeasurementofthetotalsystem.NotethattheEQ

measurementhasbeensettographinverted,sowecanlaytheEQdirectlyoverthestoredresponsetrace.Thishelpswithrefiningfilterwidthandfrequency.

Figure35:TransferFunctionMeasurement-InitialSpeakerResponse(Stored),EQTrace(inverted)and

EqualizedSpeaker


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DataManagementDatatracesinv7arehandledverymuchlikewithSmaartLivev5.

Datatracesarecapturedtothedataslot(register)whereausercaneasilyhide/showdata.TheleftsideoftheRealTimeGUIis

dedicatedtotheDataStorageStrip.Thereareseparatestripsfor

Spectrum(RTA)dataandTransferFunctiondata,withtheStorage

Stripthatcorrespondstotheactivedatawindowtypedisplayed

(sameaswiththecontrolstrip.)

TracescapturedtotheDataStripresideinRAM.Usercanchooseto

writeanytracepermanentlytofilebyselectingthedesiredslotand

clickingtheSavebutton.Theuserwillbepromptedtochoosethe

destinationfolderforthedatafile.Smaartv7dataisnowsavedin

separateformatsforSpectrum(.srf)andTransferFunction(.trf)data.Thisisdoneasaconveniencesothatuserscanquickly

determinethesaveddatatype.(Old.reffilesdidnotdesignatewhich

typeofdataintheirfileextension.)

UserscanloadsavedSmaart.ref,.srfor.trfdatacreatedfromany

versionofSmaart(pastorpresent)byselectingthedesireddata

slot,clickingLoad,andthenselectingthefilefromitsstoredlocation.Smaartcannotreaddatastoredas.rgp(referencegroup

files).

Tocaptureatrace,selectthedataslotandclicktheCapturebuttonorusethe

[spacebar]hotkey.Alternatively,theusercanchoosetoCaptureandSavedata

simultaneouslybyusingthe[command]+[F]hotkeycommand.

Placingthemousecursoroveradataslotwillshow

adatatooltipwithinformationaboutthe

captureddatainthatslot.

Toaveragestoreddatatraces,holddownthe

[command]key,highlight(clickon)theslotsyou

wishaverage,andclicktheAveragebutton.This

willplacetheaveragedtraceinthenextopenregister.

Note:Thetraceaveragingfunctioncanonlyaveragetracesstored

withthesameFFTmeasurementsettings.

Figure36:Data

StorageStrip

Figure37:Data"ToolTip"

Information


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ImpulseResponseMeasurementsImpulseResponsemodeisdesignedtoprovidearobustandintuitivesetoftoolsfor

measuringandexaminingtheacousticalresponseofsystemsandenvironments.

Smaartv7sImpulseResponsemodehasbeensignificantlyexpandedfrompast

versions(andwillcontinuetoexpand)toincludemuchofthefunctionalityfromtheSmaartAcousticToolssoftwarepackage.

Inthismode,wecanalsoanalyzepreviousIRmeasurements(orothertimedomain

information)thathavebeenstoredinstandard.wavor.aiff(MAC)audiofileformat

ImpulseResponseControls

InIRMode,ausercanperformanImpulseResponsemeasurementbychoosinganyResponseMeasurementtheycurrentlyhaveconfigured,settingthemeasurement

parameters(primarilyFFTsize/TC),acquiringsignalsandpressingstart.Alternatively,theusercanchoosetoloadastoredfileviatheFilemenu.

Oncetheuserhascapturedorloadedanimpulseresponsemeasurement,theycanusetheviewingtoolsbelowtoanalyzeit.

AtthetopoftheIRmodeGUIisawindowdisplayingtheentireimpulseresponsein

linearview.ThisNavwindowisusedforselectingthetimedomainzoomforthe

lowerdatawindows.AsinRealTimemode,rightClickanddragtochooseyour

zoomwindow,andclickonthedataaxistoclearthezoom.

Note:Whenmeasuringanimpulseresponse,itisveryimportantthatyouhaveastrongreferencesignal(givethemeasurementagood

viewofthesignalyouarelookingfor),andmakesureyourTCisset

toatleastfivetimes(5x)thelengthofthetotalsystemresponse

(includingreverberantdecay)youaremeasuring.


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31/37


Log/Lin/ETC

Views

FrequencyDomain

View


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33/37


IRModeSpectrograph


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35/37


Appendices

HotKeys(AcceleratorKeys)

Acomplete,uptodatelistingofSmaartsHotKeysiscontainedintheSoftwares

helpfiles.

Measurement Controls

[O] Selected Measurement On/Off

[Cmd/Ctrl] + [O] All On (run all live measurements of selected type)

[Cmd/Ctrl] + [Alt] +[O] All Off (stop all llive measurements of selected type)

[V] Reseed Averages

Delay Controls

[D] Track Delay (toggles Delay Tracking for selected Transfer Function measurement

[Cmd/Ctrl] +[D] All Track (turn on Delay Tracking for all active Transfer Function measurements)[L] Find Delay (for selected Transfer Function measurement)

[Cmd/Ctrl] + [L] Find All Delays (find delays for all active Transfer Function measurements)

[,] Decrement Delay (for selected Transfer Function measurement)

Data Storage and File Operations

[Space] Capture Trace (captures the front trace on the selected graph into the selected sto

[Cmd/Ctrl] + [F] Capture and File Trace (creates a permanent file on disk while capturing)

[Cmd/Ctrl] +[S] Save to File (.wav or .srf/trf depending on the operating mode)

[Del] Clear Selected Storage Slot

Display Controls

[I] IR Analysis Mode

[R] Real-Time Mode

[S] Spectrum

[T] Transfer Function

[Cmd/Ctrl] + [I] Live IR (Show/Hide)

[Y] Clear Y Offset (Selected)

[Cmd/Ctrl] + [Y] Clear Y Offset (All)

[Z] Cycle Z Order (Forward)

[Shift] + [Z] Cycle Z Order (Back)

[+] Zoom In Y

[] Zoom Out Y

[Cmd/Ctrl] +[+] Zoom In X/Y


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[Cmd/Ctrl] +[] Zoom Out X/Y

[Cmd/Ctrl] + [Alt] +[+] Zoom In X

[Cmd/Ctrl] + [Alt] +[] Zoom Out X

[Up Arrow] Scroll Up*[Down Arrow] Scroll Down*

[Left Arrow] Pan Left

[Right Arrow] Pan Right

*Or roll "roll" the (wrapped) Phase display.

[Cmd/Ctrl] means press the [Ctrl] key on a Windows computer or the [Cmd] key (sometimescalled the Apple Key or "flower" key) on a Macintosh computer. The Alt key on a Windows systemmaps to the Option key on

SelfHelp:WheretogoforAnswers

Ultimately,theuser,asengineerandoperator,isresponsibleforansweringtheir

ownspecificapplicationquestions.Inordertoassistinthisprocess,Rational

Acousticssuggeststhefollowingsources:

1. UsetheHELPFILESinthesoftwarealotofveryhelpfulinformationaboutSmaartsfunctionsandfeaturesisthere,anditisfullysearchable.

2. TheSmaartuserforumsatRationalAcoustics.com

3. SmaartTrainingsessions4. PreviouslypublishedSmaartandSmaartLiveManualsandTechnical

NotesthesecanbefoundontheRationalAcousticswebsiteat:

http://www.rationalacoustics.com/pages/New_Documentarium5. TheRecommendedReadingsourcescitedinthelastsectionofthisdocument.

6. OrevencontactRationalAcousticsdirectlyviaemail(preferred)orphone.

TrainingsessioninformationandcontactinformationforRationalAcousticsand

authorizedrepresentativescanbefoundathttp://rationalacoustics.com.

RecommendedReadingD.Davis,C.Davis:SoundSystemEngineering ,2ndedition.Carmel,IN:SAMS.1994.

M. Mehta, J. Johnson, C. Rocafort:Architectural Acoustics: Principles and Design.

UpperSaddleRiver,NJ:PrenticeHall.1999.

American National Standard: Specification for Sound Level Meters, ANSIS1.41983.

NewYork,NY:AcousticalSocietyofAmerica.1983.


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R. Cabot, B. Hofer, R. Metzler: Standard Handbook of Video and Television

Engineering: Chapter 13.3: Nonlinear Audio Distortion, 4th edition.

McGrawHillProfessional.2003.

OSHA Standard: Occupational Noise Exposure, OSHA 1910.95. Washington, DC:

OccupationalSafety&HealthAdministration.1996.

CriteriaforaRecommendedStandardOccupationalNoiseExposure,RevisedCriteria

1996,DHHS(NIOSH)PublicationNo.96.Atlanta,GA:NationalInstitutefor

OccupationalSafety&Health.1996.

Motion-Pictures - B-Chain Electroacoustic Response - Dubbing Theaters, Review

RoomsandIndoorTheaters,SMPTE202M1998.WhitePlains,NY:Societyof

MotionPictureandTelevisionEngineers.1998.

If youhave an interest in furthering yourknowledge of theengineeringconcepts behind

FFTbasedmeasurement,youmayfindthefollowingtextsuseful:

A.Oppenheim,A.Willsky,S.Nawab:SignalsandSystems,2ndedition.UpperSaddle

River,NJ:PrenticeHallInc.1997.

A.Oppenheim,R.Schafer,J.Buck:Discrete-TimeSignalProcessing ,2ndedition.Upper

SaddleRiver,NJ:PrenticeHallInc.1999.

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