Small Aircraft Manufacturers Association

Weather in the Cockpit Workshop8-10 August 2006

SAMA

Weather in the Cockpit Workshop

Tenny Lindholm

Al YatesAnd a lot of others!

8-10 August 2006

Weather in the Cockpit Workshop8-10 August 2006

• Welcome and thanks!• Introduction to UCAR, NCAR and RAL• Workshop materials• Details

– Emergency and safety– Facilities– Security--valuables– Wireless and Internet access– Library, 2nd floor—Internet and limited copying

available– Food and refreshments– Presentation materials for preload

Define “Weather in the Cockpit”

• “…a system combining and presenting various types of weather information obtained through multiple data-link sources, on-board remote sensors, and in-situ sensors to aid crews with effective flight management”

FlightInformation

DecisionAids

Processor Presentation

Position

Flight Plan

NavigationInformation

Aircraft Capabilities

User Capabilities

UserInterface

OnboardSensors

WeatherProducts

Ground WxSystem

Wx Report

Data Link

Data Link

Special Use Airspace

Traffic Terrain

Obstacles

Other Aircraft Air-Air

Air-Ground

Ground-Air

Data Link

Satellite Observations

Aviation Weather Information System

Goals and Objectives

• Gain consensus within and between the user, research, and regulatory communities on– Weather related problems with aircraft– Weather information in the cockpit that is needed to

address these problems– How best to get advanced weather products into the

cockpit/flight deck

• Develop a roadmap of tasks, dates, needed to ensure continued operational approval of weather products

• Plan for future forums as needed

Weather in the Cockpit Workshop8-10 August 2006

Program

• Today– Setting the stage—user perspectives and safety– JPDO, NGATS, WxIPT—a primer– FAA Cockpit Weather Vision—how it fits– Advanced aviation weather products– Industry products and issues– Displays and demonstrations/reception

Weather in the Cockpit Workshop8-10 August 2006

Program

• Tomorrow– ADS-B– Approval of aviation weather products via operational

suitability testing– International interoperability of data link– User breakouts by class—low-end GA, high-end

unscheduled, high-end scheduled– Groups report to plenary

Weather in the Cockpit Workshop8-10 August 2006

Program

• Thursday—wrap-up and catch-up– Identify holes in needs and capabilities– Roadmap– Plan for the future

Capacity, Efficiency, Safety

• Capt Joe Burns, United Airlines. Director, Flight Standards and Technology

• Capt Terry McVenes, ALPA. Executive Air Safety Chairman

• Mr. Bruce Landsberg. Executive Director, AOPA Air Safety Foundation

JPDO, WxIPT, and NGATS—a primer

• JPDO, NGATS

• WxIPT Integration Subteam 2012 IOC capabilities– Weather in the cockpit– Ceiling and visibility integration into terminal ATM– Weather information sharing with airline AOCs, shared

situational awareness

• Lead into the next session—what is the driving force?

JPDO, WxIPT, and NGATS—a primer

• Dr. Bruce Carmichael, Director of Aviation Application Programs, NCAR-RAL

• Mr. Ernie Dash, Raytheon

FAA’s Vision for Weather in the Cockpit

• Mr. Steve VanTrees, FAA. Manager, Avionics Systems Branch, Aircraft Certification

Weather Technology and Products

• ADDS. Mr. Greg Thompson

• Turbulence diagnoses and forecasts. Dr. Bob Sharman

• Consolidated summer/winter storm forecasts. Dr. Roy Rasmussen

• Current and forecast icing. Dr. Marcia Politovich

• Ceiling and visibility. Dr. Paul Herzegh

• Oceanic weather, volcanic ash. Cathy Kessinger

• CIP/FIP user forum remarks. Debi Bacon

Weather in the Cockpit—a sampler

• Dr. Laurence Vigeant-Langlois, WSI

• Capt Bob Smith, Boeing

• Kathleen Kearns, SITA

• Mick Goslin, WxWorx

• Capt Joe Burns, United Airlines

• Steve Young, NASA Langley

• Kevin Kronfeld, Rockwell-Collins

ADS-B Program

• Mr. Rob Strain, MITRE Corporation, Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD)

Approving Advanced Aviation Weather Products

• Mr. Robert Ruiz, FAA Flight Standards, Flight Technology Requirements Branch

Interoperability Initiatives—US and Europe

• Mr. Ernie Dash, Raytheon. RTCA Special Committee 206/ EUROCAE

Breakout Session

• Low-end general aviation, helicopters—Parts 91/135

• High-end unscheduled—Parts 91/135, DoD, NBAA

• High-end scheduled—Parts 121/135

Breakout Session

• Issues– Operational problems with weather

– Weather information needed in the cockpit

– Obstacles

– Gaps in the current way of operating—informational and procedural

– Suggested interventions to resolving obstacles and gaps

• Facilitator and scribe for each session– Laptop and powerpoint are needed; rooms have

projectors

• Presentation of results to the plenary later

Outcome from BreakoutsHazards: Turbulence, Icing, C/V, Storms (winter/conv), Oceanic/VA

Decisions-problem ID

Weather information needed

Update rate Spatial Obstacles Other Comments

Wx re-routes (>100 miles, 4000’ altitude change, ETA>15 minutes)

Current FL Convective WX with 60 min now-cast, winds, turbulence, volcanic ash, cloud tops, (Same info as dispatcher)

Most recent information at decision pt, ie 5 min NEXRAD

“Regional picture”, terrain data, TFR’s, other restricted airspace

Training, band width, ops approval, cockpit workload, consistent user interface (conventions, nomenclature, & displays), common triad data base

Location, Altitude, Movement, Intensity, Size, Predicted location

Route deviations

Current FL Convective WX with 60 min now-cast, winds, turbulence, cloud tops, or other data necessary

Most recent info at decision pt, ie 5 mins NEXRAD

Variable, as required

Training, band width, ops approval, cockpit workload, consistent user interface (conventions, nomenclature, & displays)

Example: turbulence avoidance and/or mitigation. Data is a subset of requirements for re-route

All decisions and/or problems

Ground products versus In-flight products for decision displays. Bandwidth constraints, request/reply vs. broadcast

Need confidence rating or quality rating of information. Certification needs to balance incremental safety improvements with hazard levels

Turbulence mitigation

Location, Altitude, Movement, Intensity, Size, Predicted location

1 minute warning – minimum; (5 minute forecast update rate)

Flight plan Route – 100 miles either side of track, and altitudes 4000 ft above and below

How to fuse observed versus forecast data

Outcome from BreakoutsHazards: Turbulence, Icing, C/V, Storms (winter/conv), Oceanic/VA

Decisions-problem ID Weather information needed

Update rate Spatial Obstacles Other Comments

Immediate Hazard avoidance and mitigation

Microburst & windshear info; Gust front; Hail; severe icing; Severe Turbulence

Immediate Appropriately sized miss bubble

Detection capability; reaction capability; effective plan

Takeoff Go-No go

Decisions; and Approach go-no go decisions

Terminal WX, and other hazardous phenomena approaching operational limits for suspension of service like icing, visibility, microbursts.

Immediately, under event condidions

Terminal departure areas

Detect, disseminate Adding to the decision making toolbox to aid in making proactive decisions rather than reactive decisions (EFB type of product)

Need to examine a class of data-link that allows the extension of ground sensors to provide immediate hazards warnings (forward field of view, and aural warning – non-EFB)

Breakout Rooms

• 3131

• 3150

• 2126

Goals and Objectives

• Gain consensus within and between the user, research, and regulatory communities on– Weather related problems with aircraft– Weather information in the cockpit that is needed to

address these problems– How best to get advanced weather products into the

cockpit/flight deck

• Develop a roadmap of tasks, dates, needed to ensure continued operational approval of weather products

• Plan for future forums as needed

Implementation Issues

• Use of Airborne Data Sensors

• Development of Weather Products

• Training and Human Factors Considerations

• Integration of Weather Data from Multiple Sources

• Determine What Weather Information is Needed By Each Group of Decision Makers

Other Issues

• When is a defined weather information product ready for unrestricted operational dissemination and use? How do the regulatory requirements interact with the use of advanced weather products

• What is needed for a source of weather information to be approved for unrestricted operational use?

– Vendor-created weather products, both value-added and created using vendor software

– Is AWTT approval for the algorithm, or the implementation of that algorithm?

– What is needed beyond AWTT D4 (operational) to allow unrestricted use? Actions and/or timeline…

• Process to obtain, verify, grids; produce products uniformly from grids; transmit to data link processor and aircraft; parallel transmission to AOC, ATC

– Merge with ADS-B or other two-way link

Roadmap Development

• Turbulence

• Icing

• Ceiling and visibility– Terminal– National

• Storms– Winter– Convective

• Oceanic/remote

• ADDS

Readiness for 2012 IOC

• Events that have to happen

• Times needed for 2012 IOC

• Times needed for quick readiness for NGATS, 2025

“Enabling WIC”WIC Vision

• Design approval guidance– Weather products, depiction hardware– Weather product software

• Operational approval guidance for new products and non-government vendors

• Training and evaluation criteria

• FAA pilot outreach in data link weather

Outcome from BreakoutsHazards: Turbulence, Icing, C/V, Storms (winter/conv), Oceanic/VA

Decisions-problem ID

Weather information needed

Update rate Spatial Obstacles Unrestricted operational

RoadmapAdvanced Weather Products

Events/Dates to complete/Priority/OPR

Turbulence

T=0-?

Icing

T=0-?

Ceiling/vis

Ntl/term

T=0-?

Storms

Winter/conv

T=0-?

Oceanic/VA

T=0-?

Plans for the Future

• Recurring events to measure and document progress– Workshops? – Held in conjunction with other meetings?– How often?– Other participants?– Other ideas?

Acknowledgements

• Rhonda

• Rose and her team

• All of you

Thanks!

Possible Obstacles

• Aircraft equipage

• Access to grids or data

• Certification or approval of product grids

• Certification or approval of vendor or value-added features

• Information content standardization for SSA

• Bandwidth availability

• Other…