small ships guidance 0

7/23/2019 Small Ships Guidance 0

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Guidance for crews on small ships

Health and safety at work in briefSMALL SHIPS AND SPECIAL DUTIES


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Even though the ships are small, the risks surrounding you are not.

Bo Jacobsen, Seahealth Denmark

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Introduction 4

Risk assessments 6

- Mapping 6

- Assessment 7

- Action plan 7

- Risk assessment document 8

- Follow-up 8

Prevention principles 9

Saety takes time! less than a minute 10

Using chemicals on board 12

- Chemicals are dangerous 12

- Register products 13

- Replace the most hazardous products 13

- Use workplace instructions 14

- Understand what code numbers

mean and how to use them 14

Storing paint 16

- Paint shop 16

- Store room 16

- Paint locker 17

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Publisher: Seahealth Denmark

Responsible Editor: Connie S. Gehrt

Written & edited by: Bo Jacobsen

Illustrations: Lars-Ole Nejstgaard

Graphic design: martinsonnedesign

Printed by: Grefa Tryk A/S

Seahealth Denmark 2012, Copenhagen.

All rights reserved.

All trademarks acknowledged. Limited copying

permitted with acknowledgement o source.

ISBN: 978-87-92084-28-6

Contents

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Sometimes health and saety at work becomes a

little too academic and involves too much paper-

work. Sometimes all that is needed is a simple

solution and a short explanation to the question:

What should we do here?

This guidance gives brie answers and explanations.

It should be regarded as a basis or workplace

health and saety as it explains how to tackle the

undamentals o risk assessments and handling

chemicals.

We assume that you are using our Health and Saety

at Sea sofware. The programme is available rom

I.C. Weilbach and supports both English and

Danish.

The guidance will be supplemented with a series

o more specific guidelines that specifically address

the challenges you ace on board. These guide-

lines will build on the general oundation and

will typically address other issues than those in

this basic guidance. They may deal with manage-

ment, communication, saety culture, ergonomics

and other issues. They may answer the question,

or example, What is the best way to circulate

incoming e-mail round the ship? or How can weseparate passengers rom cars when disembarking

rom small erries? The guidelines will be drawn

up with assistance o you in the industry to keep

the ocus precisely on the challenges acing you.

Specific guidelines will also be drawn up or:

Introduction

SMALL SHIPS INRODUCTION

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En vejledning til mindre skibe ogderesbestninger

Healthandsafety at work inbriefSMALL SHIPS ANDSPECIAL DUTIES

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SANDOGRALSKIBE

SMALL SHIPSINTRODUCTION

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MINDREFRGER

Guidanceforcrewsonsmallships

GUARDSHIPS

SANDANDGRAVELSHIPS

SMALLFERRIES


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RISK ASSESSMENT

A risk assessment is the same process as or

a workplace assessment. We preer to use risk

assessment since that is most common used

in the maritime industry.

You are now about to tackle a job. But what isthe best way o doing it? And how can you do

it without coming to harm? The answer is: risk

assessment!

With a risk assessment, you collect and describe

the best working methods using the experience

o the job that you already have. Experience that

you are now passing on to relie crews or the new

people who join ship in uture.

The most important reason or doing so in writing

is that it shows how you have agreed the job

should be done - every time. It also means you

have a document to which you can add improve-

ments appearing when preparing to do the job

the next time.

The rameworks and tools or helping with risk

assessments are structured around five phases.

Here you identiy the risks o each individual task

and duty. There are different ways o identiying

jobs that can be risky to do. You could or example

ask at the next saety meeting. Talk to your work-

mates about what they think is hazardous in their

daily duties.

You can also make inspections with the saety orga-

nization and divide the ship into smaller areas and

review them or risks. The ideal method is naturallya combination an open dialogue on the jobs you

have to do and the risks associated with them, with

everyone on board getting involved with health

and saety.

Risk assessment

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SMALL SHIPS


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RISK ASSESSMENT

You need to assess the various risks involved in

a job. Do so by asking two initial questions:

1) How likely is it that you will have an injury?

2) How serious might it be?

The two questions are to agree on the risks you

need to protect yourselves against, and how much

protection is required. I you do not take this

approach, many risks may be overlooked and itis ofen the minor risks that lead to injury.

Here you should describe how you mean to protect

yourselves against the risks you have identified (see

p. 9). You should use the principles o prevention

when identiying how you should protect yourselves.

In your instructions, you provide directions or

who is to be notified beore work starts and how.

For example which piping systems should be

blanked off and how. Or the pumps that are to

be disconnected and how.

The inormation that should be included in the

action plan must enable the supervisor or who-

ever is responsible or doing the job to manage

and do the job without the risks. So the action

plan must give details o who should be inormed

and how beore work starts. For example which

pumps should be switched off and how. Finally,

an action plan should include instructions on how

to involve the people who will be doing the job

and how to check that the job has been completed

- correctly.

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SMALL SHIPS


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SMALL SHIPS RISK ASSESSMENT

The written risk assessment document is generated

by the process you have gone through. You have

identified the risks o a job, you have assessed

them and described how and why protection

against these risks is needed.

The act that you have done a written risk assess-

ment document means that the supervisor or

the person doing the job can consider how you

have agreed the job should be done on board.Because everything you do is done on the basis

o an existing risk, work is done the right way and

without orgetting the saety precautions you

have chosen.

When you have made a risk assessment, it is

important to check whether it works in practice.

This might mean that some o the preventative

methods you have used could lead to new risks

that you have not taken into account in the first

instance. Then it is a matter o implementing the

work process on board.

Working with a risk assessment is an on-going

process and should be used as a dynamic tool.So your preventative action should be reasses-

sed when something new happens or at regular

intervals.

Something new could be i you discover something

that is not appropriate while you are doing the

job, i there is a near miss or i there is an accident.

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SMALL SHIPS

Remove the hazard!

You most ofen get the opportunity to remove hazards when buying new equipment.

Buy equipment that does not cause noise or vibration, which has guards againstcrush injury and provides protection against accidents in general. It could also be

that when you buy detergents, why not buy something that is not hazardous?

Then you do not need to have extraction or use personal protective equipment.

Reduce the hazard!

You can reduce the risk when selecting tools or the job. There is less vibration

when using a small needle-gun scalar that with a big one. And you cannot

use water to remove HFO stains on the deck, but neither do you have to use

diesel or thinners - there are alternatives.

Guard the hazard!

Have guards or lathe chucks, and or disks in angle grinders. Install barriers

around the place you are working, i you are pulling up deck plating or i

you can drop tools to a level below you. Or pressure test uel injectors into

a closed container with extraction.

Get away from the hazard!Instead o doing maintenance work on a small pump/ electric motor in the

engine room, take it up to the workshop where there is no noise or heat. You

can check valve operation, winch remote controls and automation in general.

Protect yourselves from hazards!

Personal protective equipment can be used as a supplement to the principles

o prevention above and in some cases, it is the only way you can protect

yourselves against a risk.

PREVENTION PRICIPLES

The principles o prevention should be used to select the best orm o protection against a risk,

and they are listed here in the order you should use them also as required in the legislation.

Prevention principles

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SMALL SHIPS SAFETY TAKES TIME! LESS THAN A MINUTE

Safety takes time!

less than a minuteWell, I knew that perectly well. I should have

seen it. I just hadnt noticed it. We had actually

agreed not to and I just wanted to... All phrases

in explanations when we make mistakes in con-

nection with a routine job. You might have done

the job many times beore so why did it all gowrong this time?

We ofen let our minds wander when doing a

routine job. Which means we are not so aware o

those around us, that we make assumptions and

that we generally do not think careully beore

tackling a job.

But hold on or a moment! Think about the job

you are about to tackle, even though it is something

you ofen do. And then take less than a minute to

remember the simple rules, which are:

We have policies, procedures, checklists, risk

assessments, toolbox meetings, equipment andpersonal protective equipment. But things still

go wrong if we dont think carefully.

Bo Jacobsen, Seahealth

STOPANDTH

INK

ASSESSTHE

JOB

SINCELASTTI

ME

OTHERSSAF

ETY

DONTBETE

MPTED

10

OPAN THINK

ASS T J

O

SINC LA TI

OTH R AF

Y

N T PT


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SMALL SHIPSSAFETY TAKES TIME! LESS THAN A MINUTE

STOP AND THINK

ASSESS THE JOB

SINCE LAST TIME

OTHER S SAFETY

DONT BE TEMPTED

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SMALL SHIPS USING CHEMICALS ON BOARD

Using chemicals on board

Chemicals are dangerousChemicals can cause sickness. When using

chemicals, it is ofen the low concentrations that

you breathe in over a long time that have the worst

afer-effects since you are not aware o the danger.

I concentrations are high, you will realise that

there is something in the air and you will moveaway. Getting chemicals on your skin can also

be dangerous and cause eczema.

Paint or outdoor use contains organic solvents,

it is flammable and generally not healthy to be

around. You are surrounded by chemicals on

board: hydraulic oil or cranes, lubricating oil or

the engine, paint or the deck and detergents in

the galley and accommodation. One estimate is

that we now use at least 50 different kinds o

chemicals on board small ships, possibly even more.

It is impossible to avoid chemicals but you can

use those that are less hazardous and you can use

chemicals with care and protect yoursel against

the risks. Here are some ideas and solutions or

what you can do:

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SMALL SHIPSUSING CHEMICALS ON BOARD

Registration means you first need to get on over-

view on what products you have on board and

where. So walk around your stores with an A4

pad and jot down the products you have on theshelves. I you do not use the product anymore,

get rid o it.

In the first instance, note:

1) Storage locations on the ship

(e.g.: under the orecastle)

2) Trade name (e.g.: Enviromate 2000)

3) Supplier/manuacturer (e.g.: Drew).

When you have been round your storage locations,

sit down at your computer and get your list o

chemicals set up or their correct locations in

your Health and Saety at Sea program.

Generally, there are many more chemicals on

board than those actually used. Ofen because

some products change trade name or supplier over

time or because a product may only have beenneeded once or a specific job. At other times we

stick with a product because we have always used

it but in the meantime, less hazardous, better

products have appeared on the market.

Try reviewing the points below and see whether

you can get rid o some o the chemicals or sub-

stitute them or less hazardous products.

1) Do we use this product anymore?2) Is the product necessary or can we do without it?

3) Can the product be replaced by one that is less

hazardous?

4) Do we have another, less hazardous product that

we use or the same purpose on board?

5) Does the Health and Saety at Sea program

recommend a substitution product?

6) I you cannot see what is in the pot or container,

it should be thrown out.

7) I there is no saety data sheet or the product

or you cannot get one, throw it out.

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Paint products must be disposed of

according to current legislation and

company procedures.


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SMALL SHIPS USING CHEMICALS ON BOARD

A workplace instruction is a saety data sheet zipped

up with inormation specifically or the ship on

how to work saely on board.

We use workplace instructions when saety data

sheets are too general, comprehensive and techni-

cal. A saety data sheet only relates to the product

regardless o whether you are using a detergent

on board or in a childrens play school.

A good, inormative workplace instruction should

include the ship-specific inormation below:

1) The location o eye-wash stations

2) The location o fire fighting equipment

3) The location o materials or cleaning up

product spills, etc.

4) Technical prevention and the location

o personal protective equipment5) Disposal methods or any spilled products/

chemicals

6) Any saety committee comments on using

the product.

You are now ready to work!

We also have code numbers or all paints and

we are used to using the number as a quick

reerence or how we should protect ourselves

when painting. In Denmark we take code numbers

or granted. But these are solely Danish numbers

which are only ound on products sold in Denmark.

So it is important that what code numbers tell us

about health and saety protection is passed onto non-Danish crew.

A code number tells us how dangerous a product is

and consists o two numbers separated by a dash.

The figure beore the dash indicates the danger

o inhaling the product and is used to decide

whether mechanical ventilation should be

established or whether a respirator should be

used. The number afer the dash indicates thedanger rom swallowing or contact with the

substance and indicates whether you should

use gloves or example, saety glasses or overalls.

You can order a code number schedule rom the

Danish Maritime Authority to post where paint

is used. The schedule gives the requirements or

establishing mechanical ventilation, or example

in tanks, and it also lists the personal protective

equipment and special work clothing to be used.

At www.seahealth.dk you can download the code

number schedule.

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CODENUMBER

Read the codenumber on thelabel or in th

eWorkplaceInstruction.

Choose productusing the Product Selectio

n Table. Use ventilation and

personal protectiveequipment in accordanc

ewith these instructions.

1-Normale exposure an

d requirements

E.g. crew accommodations incl. toilets and d

eck/bulkheads in machinery spaces and on c

ar decks.

2-High exposure and r

equirements

. galleys,bath s,locker ro

achinery space

There are 7 code numbers:

00,0,1,2,3,4,5

Thehigher the code number,

the greater the risk when in-

haling vapours.

There are 6 code numbers:

1,2,3,4,5,6

Thehigher the code number, the greater

the risk when in contact and ingestion of

the product.

Thefirstfigure

Risk when inhaling the product

Thesecondfigure

Risk when in contactwith the product

Codeno.

The table states the maximum allowed figure

before thehyphen (-)allowed tobeused for

painting indoors

(mixture ready forhouse)

ProductSelectionTable

KODENR.1993

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SMALL SHIPSUSING CHEMICALS ON BOARD

Remember the safety equipment required

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SMALL SHIPS STORING PAINT

Storing paint

Most ships have paint on board and storing and

handling it properly is highly significant or health

and saety.

You may remember perhaps that paint is hazardous

when you are holding a paintbrush but the dangersget orgotten when you only have to store paint

or have to mix it or handle it in some other way.

In this section we provide suggestion on solutions

or storing and handling paint that you can use

on board. You need to decide on the health and

saety aspects o the suggested solutions and also

choose the solution that best matches the ships

maintenance requirements, tasking and routes.

Paint shopThis is where opened and unopened paint can be

stored. This workplace should have local extraction

installed so you can mix paints, clean paintbrushes

and the like.

Paint shop requirements:

per hour)

runs constantly with at least six air changes

per hour, there is no requirement or additional

mechanical ventilation)

extraction unctionality

2deck area ree

Ro/Ro deck.

Store room

A store room can be used to store unopenedpaint. In the store room you may not keep opened

paint or mix paint and in any other way handle it

in the room.

Requirements or storerooms:

(min. 6 air changes per hour)

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SMALL SHIPSSTORING PAINT

Paint lockerI there is a shortage o space, with no possibility

o establishing a paint shop, the solution is a paint

locker or storing paint.

Paint lockers can only be used to store paint.

Paint must not be mixed or handled in any other

way. This must be done out on deck.

We describe two examples o paint lockers andthe requirements you must comply with i you opt

or one o these solutions. Solution 1 is a locker

placed on deck and solution 2 is a room in the

ship used or paint storage.

Requirements for solution 1

bulkhead (remember to install natural

ventilation in the locker)

o 200 litres o paint, thinners and hardener

Requirements for solution 2

(min. 6 air changes per hour)

These solutions may be used on ships up to

1600GT and with a crew o 1-6 seaarers.

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SMALL SHIPS

Visit www.seahealth.dk


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Seahealth DenmarkAmaliegade 33B, 2

DK-1256 Copenhagen Kh l h dk

This guidance gives brie answers and explanations. It should

be regarded as a basis or workplace health and saety as it

explains how to tackle the undamentals o risk assessments

and handling chemicals.

You can find inormation about Seahealth Denmark on our

webpage www.seahealth.dk and you are welcome to contact us.

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