small survey of tractor and agricultural machinery sellers

1

Small survey of tractor and agricultural machinery sellers in Kaduna state

Questionnaire

1 Cover Sheet 1.1 Tractor retailers / distributors no. 1.2 Tractor retailers / distributors name 1.3 City 1.4 District 1.5 Cell Phone Number (Interviewer: record the best phone number at which to reach the interviewee) 1.6 Interviewer name 1.7 Supervisor name 1.8 Date of interview [dd/mm/yy]

2

Informed Consent: It is necessary to introduce the interviewee to the survey and obtain the consent of all prospective respondents who participate. If a

prospective respondent is not present at the beginning of the interview, be sure to return to this page and obtain consent before interviewing him or her.

Thank you for the opportunity to speak with you. We are a research team from International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). IFPRI is an international non-

governmental organization, and is helping the efforts to reduce poverty and hunger, and improve food security of people in developing countries including Nigeria.

IFPRI has an office in Abuja, and works closely with the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Federal Ministry of Water Resources, providing

them with research-based information that helps the designs of their agricultural mechanization policies. We are conducting a survey under the project called

“Understanding the nature of tractors and other agricultural machinery sellers in the informal sector in Kaduna and Benue states, Nigeria”. The survey aims to

learn the nature of their business operations, their evolutionary histories, how they overcame various challenges that often plague start-up enterprises in developing

countries, and what challenges they continue to face which can be properly addressed by the improved agricultural mechanization strategies. You have been

selected to participate in an interview that includes questions on topics such as the what and how you do tractors and machinery sales business, whether and how

you provide repairs and maintenance services, as well as other services such as loans and demonstrations of machinery uses to potential buyers, how you started

your business, what had been the challenges and how you have or have not overcome these challenges. These questions in total will take approximately 1-2 hours

to complete, and your participation is entirely voluntary. It is possible that you may feel tired as the interview proceeds. You can refuse to participate. If you agree

to participate, you can choose to stop at any time or to skip any questions you do not want to answer. Your answers will be completely confidential; we will not

share information that identifies you with anyone. After entering the questionnaire into a data base, we will destroy all information such as your name which will

link these responses to you. There are no direct benefits to you from participating in this interview. However, the information collected from you can significantly

help the government and donors to improve their support programs for the agricultural mechanization in your areas as well as the whole of Nigeria.

You can ask questions about the research anytime during the interview. If in the future you have any questions regarding survey and the interview, or concerns or

complaints we welcome you to contact the following:

IFPRI Nigeria office

Address: No 6/Plot 1413 Ogbagi Street. Off Oro-Ago Crescent. Cadastral Zone II. Garki, Abuja. Nigeria

Phone: +234 092912092

Eduardo Maruyama (Chair of the Institutional Review Board, International Food Policy Research Institute)

E-mail: [email protected]

Phone: +1-202-862-5693

Website: http://www.ifpri.org/profile/eduardo-maruyama

Ask the following consent questions of all prospective respondents. As applicable, have the person check and sign the two consent boxes below, one for

participation in survey, and the other for recording of the voice.

MODULE B. INFORMED CONSENT SIGNATURE PAGE

Name

Consent to participate in survey

(Check one box) Signature or mark

YES NO

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.ifpri.org/profile/eduardo-maruyama

3

(Duplicates)

Informed Consent: It is necessary to introduce the interviewee to the survey and obtain the consent of all prospective respondents who participate. If a

prospective respondent is not present at the beginning of the interview, be sure to return to this page and obtain consent before interviewing him or her.

Thank you for the opportunity to speak with you. We are a research team from International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). IFPRI is an international non-

governmental organization, and is helping the efforts to reduce poverty and hunger, and improve food security of people in developing countries including Nigeria.

IFPRI has an office in Abuja, and works closely with the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Federal Ministry of Water Resources, providing

them with research-based information that helps the designs of their agricultural mechanization policies. We are conducting a survey under the project called

“Understanding the nature of tractors and other agricultural machinery sellers in the informal sector in Kaduna and Benue states, Nigeria”. The survey aims to

learn the nature of their business operations, their evolutionary histories, how they overcame various challenges that often plague start-up enterprises in the

developing countries, and what challenges they continue to face which can be properly addressed by the improved agricultural mechanization strategies. You have

been selected to participate in an interview that includes questions on topics such as the what and how you do tractors and machinery sales business, whether and

how you provide repairs and maintenance services, as well as other services such as loans and demonstrations of machinery uses to potential buyers, how you

started your business, what had been the challenges and how you have or have not overcome these challenges. These questions in total will take approximately 1-2

hours to complete and your participation is entirely voluntary. It is possible that you may feel tired as the interview proceeds. You can refuse to participate. If you

agree to participate, you can choose to stop at any time or to skip any questions you do not want to answer. Your answers will be completely confidential; we will

not share information that identifies you with anyone. After entering the questionnaire into a data base, we will destroy all information such as your name which

will link these responses to you. There are no direct benefits to you from participating in this interview. However, the information collected from you can

significantly help the government and donors to improve their support programs for the agricultural mechanization in your areas as well as the whole of Nigeria.

You can ask questions about the research anytime during the interview. If in the future you have any questions regarding survey and the interview, or concerns or

complaints we welcome you to contact the following:

IFPRI Nigeria office

Address: No 6/Plot 1413 Ogbagi Street. Off Oro-Ago Crescent. Cadastral Zone II. Garki, Abuja. Nigeria

Phone: +234 092912092

Eduardo Maruyama (Chair of the Institutional Review Board, International Food Policy Research Institute)

E-mail: [email protected]

Phone: +1-202-862-5693

Website: http://www.ifpri.org/profile/eduardo-maruyama

Ask the following consent questions of all prospective respondents. As applicable, have the person check and sign the two consent boxes below, one for

participation in survey, and the other for recording of the voice.

MODULE B. INFORMED CONSENT SIGNATURE PAGE

Name

Consent to participate in survey

(Check one box) Signature or mark

YES NO

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.ifpri.org/profile/eduardo-maruyama

4

2 Business activities, revenues and costs structures

A. Nature of activities and revenues

2.1 How many tractor / machinery sales facilities do you currently operate?

Procuring of tractors and sources

2.2 In the last 12 months, how many tractors did you purchase or obtain (for resale)?

2.3 Out of these, how many were brand-new tractors?

Sellers of tractors

2.4

In the past 12 months, how many % of tractors you obtained are from […] ?

2.5

From how many […], did you obtain tractors?

Importers

Wholesalers

Other retailers / distributors

Farmers

Companies / enterprises

Other individuals in Nigeria

Other individuals in foreign countries

Government

Buyers of tractors

2.6

In the last 12 months, how many % of tractors were sold to […]? (If zero, skip to the next row).

2.7

To how many […], did you sell?

Individual farmers

Companies / enterprises


Government agencies

NGOs

Cooperatives / farmer

organizations

5

Seasonality

2.8

In 2017, in […] , roughly

how many days did you

operate tractor sales

activities?

2.9

In 2017, in […] , roughly how

many days did you operate

agricultural machinery sales

activities?

2.10

In 2017, in […] , roughly

how many days did you

operate spare parts sales

activities?

2.11

In 2017, in […] , roughly how many days did you

operate repairs, refurbishing of tractors or

agricultural machines?

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

B. Operating cost

Tractor acquisition costs - outside dealership

Last 12 months Peak month

Type of tractors 2.12

Outside any

dealership, did

you purchase

[…] in the last

12 months,

either to resell

them as tractors

or resell their

parts?

1 = yes

2 = no (skip to next

row)

2.13

Outside

any

dealership,

how many

[…] did

you

purchase in

the last 12

months?

2.14

On average,

what was the

purchase values

of […] per unit,

including the

credit / loans

you took ?

(Naira per unit)

2.15

Sources of finance for purchasing […] in the last 12

months

2.16

Outside any

dealership,

how many

[…] did you

sell in the

peak month?

2.17

On average,

what was the

purchase values

of […] per unit,

including the

credit / loans

you took ?

(Naira per unit)

Personal

savings

(%)

Informal

source

(relatives

, friend,

etc) (%)

Bank

loans

(%)

Govern

ment

subsidi

es (%)

Loans

from

sellers

(%)

Brand-new four-wheel

tractors

Brand-new two-wheel

tractors

Used four-wheel tractors

Used two-wheel tractors

6

Labor cost (ask only for the peak months – later on, multiply by the total number of days operated, from above)

2.18

During the peak month (busiest month), how

many […] did you hire, (combining all facilities

you operate?

(if zero, skip to next row)

2.19

In this peak month,

typically, how many

days did you hire these

[…]? (maximum = 30

days)

2.20

In this peak month, how much did you pay for these

[…]

Amount (approximate

market value if in kind)

Unit 1 = per day

2 = per week

3 = per month

4 = per year

99 = others (specify)

Non-family

members

Family members (including

yourself)

Store / facility managers

Machine operators

Repairers, mechanics

Other casual laborers

Administrative Assistants

Security guards

Agents

Non-labor cost 2.21

Typically, how much do you spend on […] for all the agricultural machinery sales facilities you operate ?

Amount Unit 1 = per day

2 = per week

3 = per month

4 = per 3 months

5 = per 6 months

6 = per year

Electricity

Fuels / diesels for machines

Fuels / diesels to run generators

Spare machine parts: engine

Spare machine parts: non-engine

Machine tires

Workshop tools

Oils

Grease

Bags

Stiches

Other materials

Rent for on-site premise (land, buildings etc)

Rent for off-site warehouse

Business certificate

Business registration fees

Any other tax / fee payment

7

Repairing, refurbishing and upgrading of tractors between purchase and resale

Note: Exclude the case where the interviewee provided these services for fees without actually owning the tractors

2.22

In the last 12 months, before selling tractors, did you repair

[…]?

1 = yes

2 = no (skip to 2.24)

(Note: this excludes refurbish / upgrading, which are asked in 2.24)

2.23

If so,

approximately

how many %

of tractors did

you repair

[…] ?

2.24

In the last 12 months,

before selling tractors, did

you refurbish / upgrade

[…]?

1 = yes

2 = no (skip to next row)

2.25

If so, for how

many % of

tractors did

you refurbish

/ upgrade

[…] ?

Engines Parts for Fuel supply & carburetion system Tires Parts for cooling systems Parts for electrical ignition system Parts for transmission system Parts for hydraulic system Bearing and beam Drive shaft Axel and drawbar

Repairing, refurbishing and upgrading of tractor-attachments and other agricultural machineries between purchase and resale Other equipment 2.26

In the last 12 months, between purchasing […] and re-selling them,

did you do any repairing? 1 = yes

2 = no (skip to 2.28)

(Note: this excludes refurbish / upgrading, which are asked in 2.28)

2.27

If so,

approximately

how many %

of […] did you

repair before

resale?

2.28

In the last 12 months, between

purchasing […] and re-selling

them, did you do any

upgrading? 1 = yes


2.29

If so,

approximately

how many %

of […] did you

upgrade before

resale? Plough disc

Harrow disc

Rotovator

Cart/trailer

Rice thresher

Milling machine

Combine harvesters

Reapers (small harvesters)

Shelling machine

Planting machine

Fertilizer dispenser

Boom sprayer

Pump for irrigation

Sprayer machine

Other major machines

8

Transportation cost - tractors

2.30 Do you typically cover the transportation costs for buying tractors?

2.31 What is the typical distance that you transport tractors from buyers? Km

2.32 What is the typical distance that you transport tractors from buyers? Hour

2.33 If yes, what is the typical mode? 1 = Rent loader + driver

2 = Use own loader + driver

3 = Pay transporter

4 = Drive tractor itself (by you or by your driver)

2.34 If (Rent loader + driver), for this typical distance, how much do you pay for

renting a loader?

1 = per trip

2 = per day

3 = per week

4 = per month

2.35 How much do you pay for the driver? 1 = per trip

2 = per day

3 = per week

4 = per month

2.36 How much do you pay for the fuel? 1 = per trip

2 = per day

3 = per week

4 = per month

2.37 Do you use the rented loader for other purposes, than transporting tractors? (yes = 1; no = 0 (skip to xxx))

2.38 Approximately, how many % of the time the rented loader is used for

transporting tractors ?

2.39 If (Pay transporter), for this typical distance, how much do you pay the

transporter?

1 = per trip

2 = per day

3 = per week

4 = per month

5 = per tractor

2.40 If (Use own loader + driver), for this typical distance, how much do you pay for

the driver? (Naira)

1 = per trip

2 = per day

3 = per week

4 = per month

5 = per tractor


2 = per day

3 = per week

4 = per month

5 = per tractor

2.42 Approximately, how many % of the time is the loader used for transporting

tractors?

2.43 (If driving tractor itself), for this typical distance, how much do you pay the

driver?

2.44 How much do you pay for the fuel?

9

Transportation cost – other machines 2.45 Do you typically cover the transportation costs for buying other agricultural machines?

2.46 What is the typical distance that you transport other agricultural machines from buyers? Km

2.47 What is the typical distance that you transport other agricultural machines from buyers? Hour

2.48 If yes, what is the typical mode? 1 = Rent loader + driver

2 = Use own loader + driver

3 = Pay transporter

4 = Drive the machines themselves (by you or by your driver)

2.49 If (Rent loader + driver), for this typical distance, how much do you pay for renting a loader? 1 = per trip

2 = per day

3 = per week

4 = per month

2.50 How much do you pay for the driver? 1 = per trip

2 = per day

3 = per week

4 = per month


2 = per day

3 = per week

4 = per month

2.52 Do you use the rented loader for other purposes than transporting other agricultural machines? (yes = 1; no = 0 (skip to xxx))

2.53 Approximately, how many % of the time the rented loader is used for transporting other agricultural machines?

2.54 If (Pay transporter), for this typical distance, how much do you pay the transporter? 1 = per trip

2 = per day

3 = per week

4 = per month

5 = per tractor

2.55 If (Use own loader + driver), for this typical distance, how much do you pay for the driver?

(Naira)

1 = per trip

2 = per day

3 = per week

4 = per month

5 = per tractor


2 = per day

3 = per week

4 = per month

5 = per tractor

2.57 Approximately, how many % of the time is the loader used for transporting other agricultural

machines?

2.58 (If driving machines themselves), for this typical distance, how much do you pay the driver?

2.59 How much do you pay for the fuel?

2.60 Do you label the tractors you sell (indicating your name as seller)? 1 = yes 2 = no

2.61 Do you typically brand the tractors you sell? 1 = yes 2 = no

2.62 Do you typically label the agricultural machines you sell

(indicating your name as seller)?

1 = yes 2 = no

2.63 Do you typically brand the agricultural machines you sell? 1 = yes 2 = no

10

C. Cost of spare parts / repair

We would like to know your access to spare parts and repair service

- Repair

o Before selling

o After selling (after-sales service)

- Tools for repair

- Repairing of repairing tools

o

Spare parts and repairing before selling tractors Spare parts 2.64

Did you hire someone

specifically to repair /

maintenance. or

upgrade […] for

tractors, other than

your operators or

managers? 1 = yes

2 = no (skip to 2.66)

2.65

In the past 12

months, how

much did you

pay in total for

hiring that

person to repair

or upgrade […]

for tractors?

(Naira)

2.66

In the past 12

months, how

much did you

spend on any

other materials

to do repair,

upgrade […]

for tractors ?

2.67

Did you hire someone

specifically to repair /

maintenance. or upgrade

[…] for other

agricultural machines,

other than your

operators or managers? 1 = yes

2 = no (skip to 2.69)

2.68

In the past 12

months, how much

did you pay in total

for hiring that person

to repair or upgrade

[…] for other

agricultural

machines?

(Naira)

2.69

In the past 12

months, how

much did you

spend on any

other materials to

do repair,

upgrade […] for

other agricultural

machines?

Engines

Parts for Fuel supply & carburetion system

Tires

Parts for cooling systems

Parts for electrical ignition system

Parts for transmission system

Parts for hydraulic system

Bearing and beam

Drive shaft

Axel and drawbar

*Maintenance – may be combined with repairing / replacing parts

Repair / maintenance of facilities 2.70 In the past 12 months, did you incur any costs for repairing your store facilities? 1 = yes

2 = no (skip to 2.73)

2.71 In the past 12 months, how much did you incur for repairing your store facilities? (material costs)

2.72 (Labor cost)

2.73 In the past 12 months, did you hire someone other than your manager or operators to do the maintenance work

of the store facilities?

1 = yes

2 = no (skip to 2.75)

2.74 In the past 12 months, how much did you pay for that person?

11

D. Capital investment

Currently owned fixed assets (to calculate depreciation costs – different from entry cost question) Items 2.75

Do you own or

rent […] used

at your store

facilities?

1 = own and rent

2 = own but do

not rent

3 = rent but do

not own (skip to

2.82a)

4 = do not use

(skip to the next

asset)

2.76

What brand

is this?

1. Chinese

2. Indian

3. Others

2.77

In

which

year,

did you

buy

[…]?

2.78

Approxi

mately

what

was the

value of

[…] at

the time

of

purchas

e?

(Naira)

2.79

Did

you

receive

subsidy

for

[…]?

How

many

%?

2.80

How

many %

of

finance

for […]

was

from

your

personal

saving,

informal

loans

from

family,

friends?

2.81

How

many

years

will this

[…]

last?

2.82

What

is the

salvage

/ scrap

value

of this

[…] ?

2.82a, b

How much do you pay for renting the […]?

amou

nt

Unit

1 = per

day

2 = per

week

3 = per

month

4 = per

year

Trucks

Loaders to transport tractors or other

agricultural equipment

Cars

Motor bike

Wheel barrow

Washing machines

Air conditioner

Refrigerator

Water heater

Computer / Internet

Computer software

Printer

Phones

Copy machine

Office furniture

Repair shop furniture

Repair shop tools (large)

Ladders

Other fixed capital assets Assets 2.87

Financial

sources

(breakdown %)

2.90

If rent, how much

do you pay for

renting the […]?

12

2.83

Do you own

or rent […]

used for

tractor sales

business?

1 = own

2 = rent (skip

to 2.90)

3 = do not use

(skip to the

next asset)

2.84

In

which

year,

did you

obtain

[…]?

2.85

Approximately

what was the

value of […] at

the time of

purchase?

(Naira)

2.86

Did you

receive

subsidy

for […]?

How

many %?

2.88

How

many

years

will this

last?

2.89

What is

the

salvage /

scrap

value?

amount Unit

1 = per day

2 = per week

3 = per

month

4 = per year

2.91

Approximately

how many %

of this […] is

used for

tractor sales

business?

Building

Land

Warehouse

Parking lot /

other land

improvements

Landscaping

Security

gatehouse

Generator

Water tower

tank

Other major

capital assets

2.92 Why did you invest in this brand of

machine?

1 = price 2 = function 3 = spare parts availability 4 = cost of operation 5 = cost of maintenance /

repair 6 = recommended by others 7 = no other brands available 99 = Other

13

E. Revenues – sales

- Tractor sales for dealers (without actually purchasing the tractors) Last 12 months Peak month


Did you sell

[…] through

dealership

in the last 12

months?

1 = yes

2 = no (skip to

next row)

2.94

Approximately

how many […]

did you sell

through

dealership in

the last 12

months ?

2.95

On average, how many percent of

margins did you receive for

selling […] under the dealership?

(percentage)

2.96

During the peak month,

approximately how

many […] did you sell

under the dealership in

the last 12 months ?

2.97

In the peak month,

how many percent of

margins did you

receive for selling […]

through the

dealership?

(percentage)

Four-wheel tractors (new)

Two-wheel tractors (new)

Four-wheel tractors (used)

Two-wheel tractors (used)

- Tractors sales (outside dealership) Type of tractors Last 12 months Peak month

2.98

Outside any

dealership, did

you sell […] in

the last 12

months?

1 = yes

2 = no (skip to

next row)

2.99

Outside any

dealership,

how many […]

did you sell in

the last 12

months?

2.100

On average,

what was the

purchase values

of […] per unit,

including the

credit / loans

you provided

(Naira per unit)?

2.101

On average,

what was the

sales values of

[…] per unit,

including the

credit / loans

you provided

(Naira per

unit)?

2.102

Outside any

dealership,

how many

[…] did you

sell in the last

12 months?

2.103

On average, what was

the purchase values of

[…] per unit, including

the credit / loans you

provided (Naira per

unit)?

2.104

On average, what

was the sales

values of […] per

unit, including the

credit / loans you

provided (Naira

per unit)?





14

- Sales of other equipment Other equipment 2.105

How many

[…] did you

purchase in

the last 12

months?

(if 0, skip to

2.107)

2.106

What was

the typical

purchase

price of

[…] (Naira

per unit)?

2.107

How many

[…] did you

sell in the last

12 months?

(if 0, skip to

2.109)

2.108

What was

the typical

sales price

of […]

(Naira per

unit)?

2.109

Did you

manufacture

any […] in

the last 12

month?

1 = yes

2 = no (skip to

next 2.105)

2.110

If so,

how

many

[…] did

you

manufac

ture?

2.111

In which

year did

you start

manufact

uring?

(year)

2.112

Why did you

manufacture

[…] instead of

purchasing?

1 = cheaper

2 = better

quality

99 = other

2.112b

Did you sell […] through dealership in the last 12 months?

2.112

c

How many did you sell?

Plough disc

Harrow disc

Rotovator

Cart/trailer

Rice thresher

Milling machine

Combine harvesters

Reapers (small harvesters)

Shelling machine

Planting machine


Boom sprayer

Pump for irrigation

Sprayer machine


- Sales and purchases of attachments and spare parts Spare parts 2.113

Approximately

how many […]

did you

purchase in the

last 12 months? (if 0, skip to 2.115)

2.114

What was

the typical

purchase

price of

[…] (Naira

per unit)?

2.115

Approximately

how many […]

did you sell in

the last 12

months? (if 0, skip to

2.117)

2.116

What was

the typical

sales price

of […] ?

(Naira per

unit)?

2.117

Did you

manufacture

any […] in the

last 12 months? 1 = yes

2 = no (skip to

next 2.113)

2.118

If so, how

many […]

did you

manufactu

re?

2.119

In which

year did

you start

manufactur

ing?

(year)

2.120

Why did you

manufacture

[…] instead of

purchasing? 1 = cheaper

2 = better quality

99 = other

Engines


Tires





Bearing and beam

Drive shaft

15

Axel and drawbar

Generator

- Revenues from providing repairing / refurbishing services (without actually owning tractors or machineries) Spare parts 2.121

How many repairing services for

[…] for tractors did you provide in

the last 12 months?

(for example, count 2 if the same

person brought two tractors, and

asked for repair services for each

tractor)

2.122

For each time providing repairing service

for […] for tractors how much did you

charge (Naira)?

(if fees were received for the repairing of

multiple parts at the same time, ask how much

the interviewee would have charged if repairing

only one part)

2.123

How many

refurbishing /

upgrading

services for […]

for tractors did

you provide in

the last 12

months?

2.124

For each time

providing

refurbishing /

upgrading

service for […]

for tractors how

much did you

charge (Naira)?

Engines


Tires





Bearing and beam

Drive shaft

Axel and drawbar

Generator

- Revenues from providing repairing / refurbishing services of tractor-attachments and other machines (without actually owning them) Spare parts 2.125

How many repairing services for […]

did you provide in the last 12 months?

(for example, count 2 if the same person

brought two tractors, and asked for repair

services for each tractor)

2.126

For each time providing repairing service for […]

how much did you charge (Naira)?

(if fees were received for the repairing of multiple

parts at the same time, ask how much the interviewee

would have charged if repairing only one part)

2.127

How many

refurbishing /

upgrading services

for […] did you

provide in the last

12 months?

2.128

For each time

providing

refurbishing /

upgrading service for

[…] how much did

you charge (Naira)?

Plough disc

Harrow disc

Rotovator

Cart/trailer

Rice thresher

Milling machine

Combine harvesters

Reapers

Shelling machine

Planting machine


Boom sprayer

16

Pump for irrigation

Sprayer machine


- Credit provisions Sales through dealership


Among […] you sold through

dealership in the last 12 months,

for how many % of them did you

provide credit to the buyer?

2.130

How many % of the credit that you provided

is from each source?

2.131

Typically, what is the

repayment period

for the buyers of

[…]? (Years)

2.132

How many % has been

the default rates for […]

you sold with credit in

the last 5 years?

Own capital Loans from

relatives /

friends

Loans from

banks

Others






Sales outside dealership


Among […] you sold outside

the dealership in the last 12

months, for how many % of

them did you provide credit to

the buyer?

2.134

How many % of the credit you provide is from

each source?

2.135

Typically, what is the

repayment period for

the buyers of […]?

(Years)

2.136

How many % has been

the default rates for […]

you sold with credit in

the last 5 years? Own capital Loans from

relatives /

friends

Loans from

banks

Others






2.137 What is the main purpose for providing credit for your machine sales, instead of

asking for lump-sum payment?

1 = because it has high return (buyers accept higher price)

2 = it helps increase the overall sales

3= it helps smooth out the income flow 4 = helps with inventory management 5 = reduces storage costs and risk

99 = other

Cost of monitoring / enforcing repayment

17

2.138 How do you make sure the buyers pay you back the loan? 1 = do nothing in particular but trust the buyers

2= call the buyers to remind of payment 3 = hire someone to manage repayment 4 = visit buyer in person

5 = take some collateral

99 = other

2.139 If there is a collection agency that can collect credit payment on your behalf, how many percent of credit would you give them as commission?

- Sales of other large non-agricultural machines List of machines 2.140

Approximately how many […] did

you purchase in the last 12 months?

2.141

Approximately how many […] did

you sell in the last 12 months?

2.142

What was the typical purchase

price of […] (Naira per unit)?

2.143

What was the typical sales price of

[…] (Naira per unit)?

Motorcycles

Cars

Pick-up trucks

Warehouse

tractor (forklift)

Construction

tractor

Generator

Demonstration of the use of machines

2.144 Do you provide demonstration of the tractors to potential buyers? 1 = yes

2 = no

2.145 Do you provide demonstration of other machines to potential buyers? 1 = yes

2 = no

2.146 For tractors, how often do you provide demonstration? 1 = once a month

2 = a few times of year

3 = once a year or less

2.147 For other machines, how often do you provide demonstration? 1 = once a month

2 = a few times of year

3 = once a year or less

2.148 On average, each time, to how many buyers do you demonstrate tractors?

2.149 On average, how far do you travel to demonstrate your tractors? (minutes of travel)

2.150 On average, how far do you travel to demonstrate your machines? (minutes of travel)

Cost of disposing scrap metal

2.151 If you were to scrap a tractor of very old age, how much will it cost? (Naira)

Importing tractors or agricultural machineries from abroad

2.152

In the last 3

years, did

you import

[…] from

2.153

Which

country?

2.154

What is the

typical costs of

shipping […]

from those

2.155

Typically,

how many

days does it

take from

2.156

How did you get to know

these foreign sellers?

1 = they are related to you

2.157

Why not import […]

from foreign countries?

2.158

Are there any

[…] that are

available in

foreign

18

firms or

individuals in

other

countries? 1 = yes

2 = no (skip to

2.157)

countries to

here?

time you

place order

to the time

you receive

[…] from

this country

(in 2.153)? (days)

2 = not related but knew

personally

3 = introduced by the

government

4 = did not know before, and

was contacted by them

5 = did not know before, and

you contacted them

9 = other

1 = No demand in the local

market (skip to next row)

2 = Lack of information

about machineries available

by foreign sellers (skip to

next row)

3 = Lack of connection to

foreign sellers

4 = High cost of shipping

99 = Others

countries but

you cannot

import and

sell, because

of these

reasons?

1 = yes

2 = no

value Currency 1 = naira

2 = dollar

Tractors Other agricultural

machines

Spare parts for

tractors or other

agricultural

machines

19

Use of ICT 2.159 Do you use internet media to buy or sell tractors? 1 = yes 2 = no

2.160 For tractors you buy or sell, how many % do you use the internet media? (% of the value of transactions)

2.161 Do you use internet media to buy or sell other agricultural machines? 1 = yes 2 = no

2.162 For other agricultural machines you buy or sell, how many % of do you use the internet media? (% of the

value of transactions)

2.163 Do you use internet media to buy or sell tractor attachments and spare parts? 1 = yes 2 = no

2.164 For tractor attachments and spare parts you buy or sell, how many % of do you use the internet media? (%

of the value of transactions)

2.165 Do you use internet media to buy or sell spare parts for other agricultural machines? 1 = yes 2 = no

2.166 For spare parts you for other agricultural machines buy or sell, how many % of do you use the internet

media? (% of the value of transactions)

Use of radio 2.167 Do you use radio to buy or sell tractors (including advertisement)? 1 = yes 2 = no

2.168 For tractors you buy or sell, how many % do you use radio? (% of the value of transactions)

2.169 Do you use radio to buy or sell other agricultural machines? 1 = yes 2 = no

2.170 For other agricultural machines you buy or sell, how many % of do you use radio? (% of the value of

transactions)

2.171 Do you use radio to buy or sell tractor attachments and spare parts? 1 = yes 2 = no

2.172 For tractor attachments and spare parts you buy or sell, how many % of do you use radio? (% of the value

of transactions)

2.173 Do you use radio to buy or sell spare parts for other agricultural machines? 1 = yes 2 = no

2.174 For spare parts you for other agricultural machines buy or sell, how many % of do you use radio? (% of

the value of transactions)

Use of TV 2.175 Do you use TV to buy or sell tractors (including advertisement)? 1 = yes 2 = no

2.176 For tractors you buy or sell, how many % do you use TV? (% of the value of transactions)

2.177 Do you use TV to buy or sell other agricultural machines? 1 = yes 2 = no

2.178 For other agricultural machines you buy or sell, how many % of do you use TV? (% of the value of

transactions)

2.179 Do you use TV to buy or sell tractor attachments and spare parts? 1 = yes 2 = no

2.180 For tractor attachments and spare parts you buy or sell, how many % of do you use TV? (% of the value

of transactions)

2.181 Do you use TV to buy or sell spare parts for other agricultural machines? 1 = yes 2 = no

2.182 For spare parts you for other agricultural machines buy or sell, how many % of do you use TV? (% of the

value of transactions)

20

3 Entry into tractor / machinery sales business 3.1 In which year did you start tractor sales business?

3.2 In the first year you started tractor sales business, how many tractors did you sell?

3.3 Why did you choose tractor sales business as your main business, instead of other business? 1 = already familiar with the business

2 = already had large stock of tractors

3 = already had other necessary capital / assets 4 = familiar with agricultural sector 5 = think agricultural sector will grow

more than other sectors

9 = other

Initial investments in assets required for entry (if the fixed assets list above were not present at the time of entry)

List of large capital assets 3.4

When you

started this

business, did

you own […],

or rent ? 1 = own

2 = rent (go to

3.8)

3 = did not use

(go to the next

asset)

3.5

If (1 = own), what

was the source at

that time? 1 = purchased

specifically for this

business

2 = purchased

originally for other

business

3 = inherited from

family members 4 = inherited from

non-family members

3.6

How much did

you pay for

[…] when you

first started

this business?

(Naira)

3.7

What was the

major source of

finance to

purchase […]

when you first

started the

tractor sales

business? 1 = own saving

2 = borrowed

from informal

sector (family,

friends etc)

3 = loan from

formal sector

(banks, etc)

3.8

If (2 = rented),

did you still

have to make

cash deposit or

pay the fee up

front in order

to rent […]?

1 = yes

2 = no (skip to

next row)

3.9

If so, how

much

(Naira)?

3.10

What was the

major source

of deposit for

renting […]

when you first

started the

tractor sales

business? 1 = own

saving

2 = borrowed

from informal

sector (family,

friends etc)

3 = loan from

formal sector

(banks, etc)

Tractors

Other agricultural machines

Spare parts for tractors or

other agricultural machines

Loaders to transport tractors

or other agricultural

equipment

Store building

Land

Warehouse

Truck

Generator

Fence

Security house

21

Cars

Motor bike

Washing equipment

Air conditioner

Computer / Internet

Computer software

Printer

Office furniture

22

Initial working capital requirement (to enter the business)

We would like to know about the working capital you needed to spend before you received the first payments from the tractor / agricultural machinery sales

business. This excludes the investments you needed to make for various assets (above).

(*if everything was incurred on credit, this amount should be zero, and entry barrier was low with respect to the working capital)

3.11

When you started this

business, did you first have

to pay […] before selling

tractors or other

equipment? 1 = yes


3.12

How much did you

have to spend for

[…] when you

started tractor sales

business? (Naira)

3.13

What was the major source of finance to

provide […] when you started tractor

sales business? 1 = own saving

2 = borrowed from informal sector (family,

friends etc)

3 = loan from formal sector (banks, etc)

Cash to buy tractors

Cash to pay workers in advance

Cash to pay in advance for the rental of various assets

Initial knowledge requirements and sources

Type of knowledge 3.14

Was the

knowledge on

[…] critical to

enter and stay in

tractor sales

business?

1 = critical

2 = somewhat

critical

3 = not critical (skip

to the next row)

3.15

(If 1 or 2) Did you

have sufficient

knowledge on […]

before entering

tractor sales

business?

3.16

How did you obtain

knowledge on […]?

1 = self-learning by

observing family members,

friends, neighbors

2 = self-learning through

media (internet, newspaper,

radio, TV)

3 = through external

training program

4 = from sellers

5 = from buyers

99 = others ( )

3.17

How long did it take

to master the levels of

this knowledge

needed in tractor

sales (year)?

(if less than a year, enter

0)

Common crops grown in the region

Other major industries/employers in the region

Business operation laws and regulations

Farmers and farmer organizations (populations)

Current number of tractors available in the market

Other tractor suppliers/retailers/renters

General business management skills

Brands and specifications of tractors that are popular in the area

Typical frequency of machine breakdown and costs of repair / spare parts

How to operate tractors

How to repair / maintain tractors

23

Spare parts suppliers nearby

Repairers nearby

Potential customers in other LGAs

Potential customers in other states

Accounting / book-keeping

Reading skills

Writing

Relations with the sellers / buyers at the entry into business Sellers of tractors at the entry in business

Types of sellers 3.18

Before the entry into tractor

sales business, did you know

of any […] selling tractors to

you?

3.19

How did you know those […] at that time?


2 = not related but knew personally

3 = introduced by the government

4 = did not know before, and was contacted by them

5 = did not know before, and you contacted them

9 = other

Importers

Wholesalers


Farmers

Other individuals

Buyers of tractors at the entry in business

Types of buyers 3.20

Before the entry into tractor

sales business, did you know

of any […] willing to buy

tractors from you?

3.21

How did you know those […] at that time?


2 = not related but knew personally

3 = introduced by the government

4 = did not know before, and was contacted by them

5 = did not know before, and you contacted them

9 = other

Individual farmers


Government agencies

NGOs

Cooperatives / farmer organizations

24

4 Other income-earning activities Current incomes

4.1 Do you also own farms from which you earn incomes? 1 = yes 2 = no

4.2 If yes, how many hectares ? Dry season Wet season

4.3 Do you have any other major sources of income other than tractor and agricultural machinery sales? 1 = yes 2 = no

4.4 If (1 = yes), what are they? (select upto 3) (occupation code)

4.5 In 2017, was the tractor sales business the largest source of your income? 1 = yes 2 = no

4.6 In the last 12 months, approximately how many % of your households’ incomes was from tractor sales? 4.7 In the last 12 months, approximately how many % of your households’ incomes was from agricultural equipment sales (including

tractors, attachments, spare parts for agricultural purposes)?

Major occupation before entering the business

4.8 Before starting tractor sales business, were you a mechanic / repairer of machines? 4.9 Was that the largest source of your income before you started tractor sales business? 1 = yes 2 = no 4.10 Before starting tractor sales business, were you a farmer? 4.11 (if “no” for 4.9) Was that the largest source of your income before you started tractor sales business? 1 = yes 2 = no 4.12 Before starting tractor sales business, did you sell other automobiles, such as cars, trucks? 4.13 (if “no” for 4.9 and 4.11) Was that the largest source of your income before you started tractor sales business? 1 = yes 2 = no

4.14 (if “no” for 4.9, 4.11, 4.13) What was the largest source of your income before you started tractor sales business? (occupation code)

25

5 HOUSEHOLD characteristics – key questions that identify the level of wealth / asset

5.1 Age of the respondent

5.2 Gender of the respondent 1 = Male 2= Female

5.3 What is your highest level of education? 1 = No formal education

2 = Primary education

3 = Secondary education

4 = Post-secondary education

99 = Other

5.4 Do you have other family members who had completed primary education? 1 = Yes 2 = No (skip to 5.6)

5.5 Do you have other family members who had completed secondary education? 1 = Yes 2 = No

5.6 Do you have agric engineering background, either through training, education or by trade? 1 = Yes 2 = No

5.7 Do you have other family members with agric engineering background? 1 = Yes 2 = No

5.8 Do you belong to any machinery sellers’ associations? 1 = Yes 2 = No

5.9 Do you know if there are such associations you can join? 1 = Yes 2 = No

5.10 How often do you interact with public agricultural extension agents ? 1. daily 2. Weekly 3. Monthly 4. A few times a year 5. Once a year 6. Never

Key assets

5.11 Does your house have concrete floor? 1 = Yes 2 = No

5.12 Does your household have generators? 1 = Yes 2 = No

5.13 Does your household have fridges? 1 = Yes 2 = No

5.14 Does your household have motorbikes? 1 = Yes 2 = No

5.15 Does your household have cars and other vehicles? 1 = Yes 2 = No

5.16 Do you have the title (certificate of occupancy) to any of the plots you cultivate? 1 = Yes 2 = No

26

Occupation code

Occupation code:

1. Rice farming

2. Farming other than rice

3. Livestock rearing

4. Trading agricultural inputs (fertilizer, chemicals, seeds etc)

5. Trading agricultural machinery, spare parts

6. Petty trading (trading / retailing of non-agricultural goods)

7. Mining

8. Manufacturing

9. Construction

10. Transportation

11. Government employment

12. Other non-farming activities (specify)

small survey of tractor and agricultural machinery sellers

Documents