small waste water treatment plants wwtp technical ... waste water treatment plants wwtp technical...

Small Waste Water Treatment

Plants WWTP

Technical aspects and cost

estimation of pilot plants

Indira Sulejmanagić

Sanja Bosiljčić Pandur

WWTP and Sewerage System

• In BiH, inadequate attention was given to protection of waters in

the past.

• This situation was additionally aggravated by infrastructural

damages, that occurred due to war activities (during the period

1990-1995), and inappropriate repair and maintenance services,

caused by difficult financial situation of public utility companies.

• Percentage of population connected to the sewerage systems in

urban areas (cities and settlements > 10,000 inhabitants) is about

56%.

• Generally, the smaller, rural settlements have no sewerage

system. Some of them, that have a sewerage system for collection

of waste waters, usually are without the waste water treatment.

That means that the untreated effluent is discharged into

recipients, what present a serous threats against for human health.

The key problems of waste water treatment plants / WWTP in the

whole Bosnia and Herzegovina are as follows:

• Most of the planned wastewater treatment plants are not built,

neither were reconstructed;

• The existing WWTP are under-maintained (due to low water price -

insufficient for functionality costs of a simple water system), and

they lose their planned efficacy, quite fast;

• Even in towns and settlements that have a WWTP, insufficient

inhabitants are connected to facilities.


• Thanks to international organizations and programs funds (World

Bank, KfW, EIB, EBRD, IPA, SIDA), as well as local participation of

municipalities and financing from Environmental Protection Fund

FB&H, current construction level / situation of WWTP is improved.

So far, a number of facilities is built or reconstructed, which have

already been put into operation, such as: Živinice 25.000 PE,

Srebrenik 18.000 PE, Bijeljina 40.000 PE, Trebinje 16.000 PE,

Bileća 5.000 PE, Ljubuški 6.000 PE, Čitluk 7.000 PE, Žepče 6.000

PE, Trnovo 5.000 PE, Odžak 10.000 PE.

• Plants in Sarajevo 600,000 PE and Konjic 5,000 PE are in test

operation phase.

• The construction of the facilities for the city of Mostar and Bihac

(100,000 and 55,000 PE) is in implementation, and WWTP for

settlements Tomislavgrad and Siroki Brijeg (each 10,000 PE) are in

preparation phase (for the works).


Definition and Classification

• The result of wastewater treatment is the removal of harmful

substances from the water and thus is achieved / provided a

certain required sanitary, chemical, ecological and aesthetic

quality of natural recipients.

• Facilities by size: for large and medium cities and small towns

and villages.

• Plant size for smaller towns and villages: up to 50 PE and

between 50 and 5,000 PE (in rare cases up to 10,000 PE).

Technological Scheme

Pre-treatment

1. Stage

2. Stage or biological

treatment

3. Stage

Disinfection

primary sludge

secondary

sludge

Discharge of treated

water

Waste from grids,

sand, gravel, fat

Sludge treatment

N and P

Pathogenic organisms

Organic substances

The level of

treatment Isolated

substances

1. Stage primary sludge

• The usual purification technology / waste water treatment includes:

Investment Costs - Conventional

Plant

Investment Cost WWTP

€/PE

Size (PE)

With a receiving station

for waste water from

septic tanks

Without a receiving station

for waste water from

septic tanks

Small Settlements

• In smaller settlements there is the problem of lack of professional

staff and limited financial resources

• The advantage of plants wherein the:

• Energy consumption is small or a zero

• Operation and maintenance are simple

• The efficiency and continuous work are good and at

extremely high variations of flow and level of influent's

load

• Small or no sludge production and its simple treatment

• The smaller WWTP that meet these requirements are classified as

so-called. unconventional

• GEF - Project of water quality protection

• Feasibility study on the implementation of

natural treatment procedures of urban waste

water of small towns and settlements on

territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina

• The objectives of this study were:

1. to develop the proposals for improving

wastewater management through the

implementation of „NTC" - technology

2. to identify the optimal strategies for the need

"NCT" - technology wastewater treatment with

regard to natural, social, cultural, economic,

institutional and climatic aspects and other

features

3. to create a long-term and short-term investment

plans for waste water treatment plants, based

on the application of "NCT" - technology

4. to identify the pilot projects of waste water

treatment with a low cost / low energy

consumption in various typical areas of Bosnia

and Herzegovina

As pilot projects, the following settlements

were selected:

• Velagići+Hadžići (Applied Technology:

Hybrid artificial wetlands with the

removal of nutrients), Municipality of

Ključ, FB&H

• Grborezi (Applied Technology: Hybrid

artificial wetlands with the removal of

nutrients), Municipality of Livno, FB&H

• Orahova (Applied Technology:

Trickling filter), Municipality of

Gradiška, RS

Study of unconventional technologies

and Pilot projects

Investment Costs

Investment costs per PE for some types of small plants

700 €/PE

0 PE 2.000 PE 4.000 PE 6.000 PE 8.000 PE 10.000 PE

Plant size

The stabilizing wetlands

The artificial wetlands

Hybrid artificial wetlands

Rotating biological

contactors

600 €/PE

500 €/PE

400 €/PE

300 €/PE

200 €/PE

100 €/PE

0 €/PE

Trickling filters

Operation and Maintenance Costs

Annual operation and maintenance costs / PE

700 €/PE

600 €/PE

500 €/PE

400 €/PE

300 €/PE

200 €/PE

100 €/PE

0 €/PE

0 PE 2.000 PE 4.000 PE 8.000 PE 6.000 PE 10.000 PE

The stabilizing wetlands

The artificial wetlands


Rotating biological

contactors

Trinkling filters

Plant size

Preliminary design of WWTP for

settlement Grborezi, Municipality of Livno

GENERAL:

• Responsible persons and residents

were very interested for the project

• The proposed settlement is located

in a karst area, Livno field, that has

a size of 30,000 hectares, and is

one of the largest in Europe

• Sensitive area - the area of karst

• The water from the Livno field is

used in the Republic of Croatia for

drinking

• Residents of the settlement

Grborezi participated with 50% of

funds in the investment for

construction of sewage system

• Climate: mountain

• The whole settlement Grborezi

counts of 800 residents

• The settlement has no industry

SEWERAGE SYSTEM:

• Two phases of construction of the sewage system have

been completed, that includes the main collector and

several secondary collectors construction

• The sewage system is separate. The main collector

(3,000 m, DN 300) is currently finishing in a septic tank

• Recipient is the irrigation canal, that is over the year

mostly dry

• The existing sewage system is designed for the 1200

PE

LOCATION OF WWTP:

• There is a potential location for the wastewater

treatment plant in the field called „Podovi„

• The site is in private ownership, but according to

information received from inhabitants solving this issue

should not be a problem because the owner is willing to

cooperate

• The high level of ground water (approx. 80 cm in

winter), filling of the terrain is necessary

Taking into consideration the local conditions for settlement

Grborezi, the following technological scheme has been chosen:

Mechanical treatment: screening, gravity longitudinal sand

tank - grid chamber and septic tank reconstructed in to the

primary sedimentation tank;

Chemical treatment: flocculation to eliminate the total

phosphorus;

Biological treatment: hybrid artificial wetlands, stabilization

tank;

Sludge: Primary sludge form the primary sedimentation tanks

is taken into silo/tank.

For further treatment of sludge is planned that the sludge

should be taken on fields used for topsoilin;.

Because of the required conditions of effluent quality at the

outflow, the proposed solution involves tertiary treatment

purification.

Predložena lokacija budućeg postrojenja

Rešetka Pjeskolov VSSF VSSF Efluent

W3

The proposed location of the plant

Screen Grid chamber



Effluent



INVESTMENT COSTS

Investment costs are taken from the priced bill of

quantities and in total are estimated at 327,353.85 €.

Note: The total value of the investment costs does

not include costs of design documents of a higher

level, as well as VAT.

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE COSTS

The operation costs include the costs of energy

consumption, costs of chemicals, costs of waste

disposal from the grid and of sludge, as well as

personnel costs (for plant maintenance) and the same

are assessed on an annual basis to 29.894 € / year.



GENERAL:

• Velagići / Hadžići is the second largest

settlement in the municipality of Ključ with

about 2,350 inhabitants

• Climate: medium continental

• The proposed settlements are in the area of

karst

• WWTP Velagići+Hadžići: 2.200 PE

• Sewerage systems of these settlements are

designed as two separate units and in the

current project proposes there are two smaller

plants for wastewater treatment

• The population is mainly engaged in

agriculture, and there is less wood industry

SEWERAGE SYSTEM:

• In LC Velagići there are two separate, newly

constructed sewage systems, because area of

local community is divided into two basins,

streams Točine and Vojića potok. Both

systems are designed for a total of about

3,500 PE, up to the end of the planning period

(planning period is 25 years).

• The recipient is stream Točine, that

disappears underground. It is assumed that

the water appears again, at sources along the

river Sana.

LOCATION OF WWTP:

• The municipality has offered a potential

location for NCT plant. It is located upstream

of the abyss, in the valley of stream Točina.

• Outflow / discharge in a sensitive area (abyss)

Preliminary design of WWTP for settlement

Velagići-Hadžići, Municipality of Ključ

Taking into consideration the local conditions for

settlements Velagići and Hadžići, the following

technological scheme has been chosen:

• Mechanical treatment: inlet pumping station,

screening, aerated grid chamber and Imhoff

tank

• Chemical treatment: flocculation to eliminate

the total phosphorus;

• Biological treatment: hybrid artificial wetlands,

stabilization tank;

• Sludge: Primary sludge form the Imhoff tank,

is further processed in the same in the part

representing digestion compartment. From

Digestion compartment, sludge is discharged

on fields used for topsoiling of sludge.

Due to the required outflow effluent

quality requirements, the proposed

solution involves

tertiary treatment of purification.

Predložena lokacija budućeg postrojenja

Rešetka Pjeskolov VSSF VSSF Efluent

W3

The proposed location of the plant

Screen Grid chamber



Effluent



INVESTMENT COSTS

Investment costs are taken from the priced bill of

quantities and in total are estimated at 520.890,75 €.

Note: The total value of the investment costs does not

include costs of design documents of a higher level,

as well as VAT.

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE COSTS

The operation costs include the costs of energy

consumption, costs of chemicals, costs of waste

disposal from the grid and of sludge, as well as

personnel costs (for plant maintenance) and the same

are assessed on an annual basis to 30.444 €/year.



Financial needs for potential NCT in

selected targeted areas

• According to the ranking (rating list) of priorities, through NCT

study were identified 670 potential non-conventional plants, with a

capacity between 500 and 10,000 PE.

• Total amount of investment required for the potential NCT in B&H

is about 530 mil.KM (270 mil. of EUR).

• Annual operating and maintenance costs, for all identified NCT

plants, are estimated at 43 million. KM (22 mil. of EUR).

COOPERATION

"Ecoremediation for protection of the environment and

development of the Una-Sana Canton" is a project worth

391,166.00 KM, that is implemented by the Center for

International Cooperation in Developing - CMRS, of Republic of

Slovenia and the Environmental Protection Fund of FB&H.

The result of the project is installed pilot device of this type,

within the area of the Biotechnical Faculty of Bihać.

Conclusions

• There is a Study about the applicability of NTC plants, and Bosnia and

Herzegovina has the basic planning document, and within the same, the

guidelines for solving of wastewater collection and treatment problems in

smaller settlements;

• The financial situation in B&H, especially in small rural settlements is not

favorable / good, thus investment in projects of waste water treatment, in terms

of survival for population in smaller towns, does not present top of priorities of

smaller communities;

• From the aspect of basic living conditions insurance, and according to

experience in the field, it is concluded that residents and local communities are

aware of the importance and needs for projects implementation, and for the

same they expressed significant interest.

Conclusions

• Solutions:

Technical assistance provide by foreign consultants

Obtaining financial resources through EU funds and pre-accession

financing programs

Establishment of a new, suitable financial mechanisms for projects

financing, with support of EU partners

Small Waste Water Treatment Plants WWTP

Technical aspects and cost estimation of pilot plants

Indira Sulejmanagić

[email protected]

Sanja Bosiljčić Pandur

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

small waste water treatment plants wwtp technical ... waste water treatment plants wwtp technical...

Documents