sman leadership
TRANSCRIPT
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MENGAPA PENTING KEPEMIMPINAN(MENJADI ORANG YANG TIDAK BIASA)
BERBAHAGIALAH ORANG YANGMEMILIKI PEMIMPIN YANG CERDAS
MURAH SENYUM; SUKA MENDENGAR;
PEDULI; EMPATI; BAHASA SANTUN;
BERSAHABAT; TAMPIL RAPI; POSITIFSENANG BELAJAR; PRESTASI SERTA SEHAT DAN TRAMPIL
Prof. Jalius Jama
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LANDASAN KEPEMIMPINAN(Human Resources Dev. PROCESS)
COMPETENT
CONFIDENT
CONSISTENT
COMMITMENT
LEADERSHIP
CREDIBILITY
Skilled in
SpiritualEthicsIntellectualEmotionalSocial
Psychomotoric
Accomplished(Learning to be)
Prof. Jalius Jama
P
O
T
E
N
S
I
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Prof. Jalius Jama
GENERALLY PASSIVE
C
H
I
L
D
A
D
U
L
T
DEPENDENT OF OTHERS
LIMITED REPERTOIRE OF WAYS
ATTENTION NOT LONG AND DEEP
TIME PERSPECTIVE IS VERY SHORT
CONSIDERED TO BE SUBORDINATE
NO HABITUAL SET OF ATTITUDE
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CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD LEADER
Good leaders listen (mendengar)
Effective leaders are fair (jujur dan adil)
Effective leaders are goal oriented (Berorientasi
pada TUJUAN) Effective leaders direct actions of others
(Mengarahkan teman)
Good leaders know how to evaluate people and
programs (Mengevaluasi) Leaders are responsible for their own and group
(Bertanggungjawab)
Effective leaders are skilled (Ketrampilan hidup)
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POTENSI MANUSIA
• Spiritual: Pengakuan, kedekatan dengan Tuhan, diawasi, dilin- dungi,keberanian, kejujuran, keikhlasan. Kerja bukanlah sekadar
mencari nafkah, tetapi pengabdian kepada sesama danibadah kepada tuhan
• Morality: Konsistensi terhadap nilai-nilai kebenaran, keadilan, dankebaikan. Tidak merugikan, mencelakakan orang lain,
jangan berdusta, tepati janji, jangan melanggar hukum,
bantulah mereka yang butuh, bersikaplah adil, usahakankebaikan bagi masyarakat.• Intellectual: Kompetensi, pola pikir logika, bahasa, penget.,
pengembangan diri dan kecerdasan• Emotional : Kepribadian, interpersonal, konsistensi, leadership,
simpati dan empati dan perilaku
• Social skill: Respek, peduli sesama, memberi makna pd kelompok sosial• Psychomotoric: Ketrampilan kinestetis, sehat fisik, gerakan,
manual, teknologi, informasi dan komputer
Competent
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LANDASAN FILOSOFIS:Manusia – Belajar – Ilmu - Menjadi
• Pendidikan memanusiakan manusia; dari manusia yg
belum dewasa menjadi manusia yang mandiri• Bahwa manusia itu mempunyai “AKAL” yang harus diisi, maka
ia diperintahkan utk “BELAJAR” sepanjang hayat• “Sesungguhnya, bila kamu menginginkan kebahagiaan di dunia,
carilah ILMU, dan bila kamu menginginkan kebahagiaan diakhirat, carilah ILMU, dan bila kamu menginginkan keduanya,
carilah ILMU”• Orang yang berilmu (dan mengamalkan), akan ditinggikan
derajatnya.
• “BELAJAR MENJADI WAJIB HUKUMNYA dan IBADAH”
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LIFE SKILLS: KECAKAPAN HIDUP
• BAHASA LISAN DAN TULIS• COMMUNICATION• PROBLEM SOLVING
• CRITICAL THINKNG• DECISION MAKING• CREATIVE THINKING• INTERPERSONAL SKILL
• BERNEGOSIASI• MENGEMBANGKAN KESADARAN DIRI• EMPHATY• MENGONTROL EMOSI
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APAKAH KOMUNIKASI???
• KOMUNIKASI ADALAH:
BERBAGI = SALING = KESEPAKATAN
• INFORMASI – PERASAAN -PENGALAMAN - PENGERTIAN-
TANGGUNGJAWAB–KEBERSAMAAN-
SUKSES- GAGAL
• KEMAMPUAN MENDENGAR
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(Prinsip 4) KERJA ADALAH AKTUALISASI DIRI
(Anda adalah seperti yang mampu anda wujudkan)• Kerja keras sesungguhnya adalah aktualisasi diri, setiap ilmu baru yang
anda peroleh, merupakan alat untuk menggali (to explore) potensi (ilmu)
selanjutnya yang lebih tinggi.• Tidak ada yang berat bila anda menemukan “makna”nya. Something has
no meaning, unless YOU put meaning on it.• Semuanya berubah, kecuali perubahan itu sendiri. Orang sering
mengatakan sulit untuk merubah sikapnya. Padahal kelebihan manusiadari makhluk lainnya adalah manusia mampu berubah.
• Kerjakanlah walau berat, anda akan menjadi lebih kuat. Bila andaberhasil, maka anda pasti siap melakukan sesuatu yang lebih berat.
• Dalam kehidupan selalu ada halangan & kesulitan, kerjakan.• Biasakan suka mengerjakan tugas yang setingkat lebih sulit• Bersikap positif terhadap tugas yang sulit, dan akan sehat
• Aktualisasi diri justru terwujud pada pekerjaan yang sulit• Banyak calon doktor yg tdk yakin bahwa dia juga bisa; kalau hanyabegitu, saya juga bisa. (=Berlatih intellectual skill)
• Potensi yg terbangkitkan akan menjadi modal baru untuk lebih kompeten;mampu pada tugas yang lebih sulit
• Orang sering lupa memanfaatkan potensi (sdm/sda) sekitar
• IKHLAS MERUPAKAN KUNCI BERAT RINGANNYA TUGAS
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CURRICULUM VITAE
1. Nama: Prof. Dr. Jalius Jama, M. Ed.
2. Lahir: Bukittinggi, 5 Februari 19423. Pendidikan: SR (SD); SMP dan SMA Negeri 1 Bukittinggi
Sarjana Pendidikan Teknik Mesin: UGM dan IKIP Yogya
• Diploma:Technical Teacher,ManchesterUniversity-England
• Master of Education (M.Ed) Texas, USA
• Doctor of Philosophy, Ohio State University, USA
• Pekerjaan: Dosen Pascasarjana UNP
• Pengaaman Organisasi:• Ketua OSIS SMAN 1 Bukittinggi
• Presiden PERMIAS(Perhimpunan Mhs Indonesia di AS1983/87)
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MENGAPA PERLU KOMUNIKASI ???
• KOMUNIKASI MERUPAKAN SUMBER DARI
BERBAGAI PENYAKIT TETAPI SEBALIKNYA,
MENJADI OBAT BERBAGAI MACAM PENYAKIT
• MERUPAKAN CERMIN DARI POLA PIKIR; POLASIKAP DAN POLA PERILAKU SESEORANG
• MERUPAKAN WUJUD DARI AKTUALISASI DIRI
• KUNCI RAHASIA KEBERHASILAN SEORANG
KEPALA SEKOLAH
• HARUS DIPELAJARI DAN DIAMALKAN OLEH
KEPALA SEKOLAH
Prof. Jalius Jama
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THE PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION (ROH)
MENDIDIK ADALAH:RAHMAT (Tulus & Syukur)
AMANAH (Tanggungjawab)
PANGGILAN (Integritas)
BEKERJA IKHLAS
AKTUALISASI DIRI
IBADAH
SENI
KEHORMATAN
PELAYANAN
ROH/PHIL
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ABILITIES OF MANAGERS AND LEADERS
THINK: refers to the exercise of one’s mental faculties to form ideas; tosolve problems; to reach conclusions; to analyze and synthesize data;
and to reason. (cerdas dan trampil)
SOSIALIZE: refers to ability to find a meaningful, purposeful place in
society.
TRANSCEND: capabable of stepping beyond its immediate experience(mampu belajar dari pengalaman)
COMMUNICATE: not only to speak and be heard but also to listen,
comprehend, to exchange ideas among people
SELF-AWARNESS: Know ourselves strengths and weaknesses
VALUE: use criteria to produce decisions on the basis fordetermining the difference between right or wrong as well as goodand bad.
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The Innovation as Decision Process
FIVE MAIN STEPS IN THE PROCESS:• Knowledge: when an individual is exposed to the
innovation and gain some understanding
• Persuasion: forms a favorable or unfavorable attitudetoward the innovation
• Decision: occurs when an individual engages in activitiesto a choice to adopt or reject the innovation
• Implementation: when individual put the innovation into
use• Confirmation: occurs when individual seeks for
reinforcement of an decision that has already been madeor he/she may reverse if exposed to conflictingmessages about the innovation.
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MASALAH DAN ISSUE STRATEGIES
(2) KITA HIDUP DALAM ALAM YANG BERUBAH:(A) Otonomi Daerah/desentralisasi:
Kesiapan – Kemampuan – Komitmen(B) Globalisasi: Arus informasi, Politik,Ekonomi, Sosial, Budaya
(2) KEMAJUAN TEKNOLOGI
(3) Pergeseran nilai Masyarakat & Pengelola
(4) Komitmen: Sistem Nilai pd masyarakat moderen
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ELEMENTS OF DIFFUSION
There is so much interest in the diffusion of innovations:because getting a new idea adopted, IS NOT EASYeven when it has obvious advantages,
• Diffusion is the process by which an innovation is
communicated through certain channels overtime among
members of a social system.
• Communication is a process in which participants create
and share information with one another in order to reacha mutual understanding.
• Communication is as two way process of convergence,
rather than as a one way
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FOUR ELEMENTS IN THEDIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS
• The Innovation is an idea, practice or object thatis perceived as new by an individual or other unit
of adoption. If the idea for the individual, it is an
innovation
• Communication as the process by whichparticipants create and share information with
one another in order to reach a mutual
understanding
• Time is a dimension of innovation decision
process passes from knowledge to adoption or
rejection
• A Social System is defined as a set of
ELEMENTS OF DIFFUSION
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ELEMENTS OF DIFFUSION
(Carl Rogers, 1982)
Why there is so much interest in the diffusion of innovations is because getting a new idea adopted,
even when it has obvious advantages,
IS OFTEN VERY DIFFICULT
4. Diffusion is the process by which an innovation iscommunicated through certain channels overtimeamong members of a social system.
5. Communication is a process in which participantscreate and share information with one another inorder to reach a mutual understanding.
6. Communication is as two way process of
convergence, rather than as a one way
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CHARACTERISTICS: RATE OFADOPTION
(1) Relative advantage is a degree to which an innovation is
perceived better than the idea supersedes
(2) Compatibility is a degree to which an innovation is perceived
as being consistent with the existing value, past experences
and needs of potential adopters
(3) Complexity is the degree to which an innovation is perceived
as difficult to understand and use
(4) Trialability is the degree to which an innovation may be
experimented with on limited basis. New ideas that can be
tried on the installment plan will generally be adopted more
quickly than those that are not divisible
(5) Observability is the degree to which the results of innovation
are visible to others. The easier it is for individuals to see the
results of innov., the more likely they to adopt.
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ADOPTER CATEGORIES
(1) Innovators: Venturesome(2) Early adopters: Respectable
(3) Early moyority: Deliberate
(4) Late Majority: Skeptical(5) Laggards: Traditional
Opinion Leaders
Change Agent
Communiation
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The Innovation as Decision Process
FIVE MAIN STEPS IN THE PROCESS:(2) Knowledge: when an individual is exposed to theinnovation and gain some understanding
(3) Persuasion: forms a favorable or unfavorable
attitude toward the innovation(4) Decision: occurs when an individual engages in
activities to a choice to adopt or reject the innovation
(5) Implementation: when individual put the innovation
into use(6) Confirmation: occurs when individual seeks for
reinforcement of an decision that has already beenmade or he/she may reverse if exposed to conflicting
messages about the innovation.
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(Prinsip 1) KERJA ADALAH IBADAHPersembahan diri, penyerahan, kesadaran,
pengabdian dan sungguh-sungguh
• Ibadah adalah persembahan, pemasrahan & penyerahan diri
• Mulai dengan niat, maka timbul “the great power”. Anda akanmemperoleh pahala sebesar yang anda niatkan.
• Keberhasilan seorang diukur dari “proses”; bukan “outcome”,
karena “Outcome” hanyalah akibat dari sebuah proses.
• Kebaikan anda, sekecil apapun, akan dicatat sebagai pahala,dan akan dibalas, bisa dalam bentuk lain, pada waktu lain.
• Bantulah siapa saja, dlm bentuk apapun, sekecil apapun,
maka akan jadi ibadah anda kepada Tuhan, amal bagisesama. Itulah milik anda yg abadi. Menanam kebaikan didunia; anda akan menuai nanti di akhirat.
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(Prinsip 2) KERJA ADALAH RAHMAT
BEKERJA TULUS PENUH SYUKUR• Apakah rahmat? Rahmat adalah kebaikan yg kita terima
tanpa syarat, tdk dikaitkan dgn prestasi dan kebaikan kita.• Rahmat adalah anugerah, berkah yang kita terima atas
“kasih” pemberi.• Kalau kita selalu baik dan menjadi rahmat bagi sesama,
maka kebaikan dan rahmat akan selalu bersama kita
• Tuhan yg Maha Rahman dan Maha Rahim sbg bentukkasih sayang
• Pada kejadian tertentu orang menamakan MUKJIZAT• Santunan kemanusiaan sbg Rahmat Umum: Berbahasa,
beriman, mengasihi,berhati nurani, berkesenian, kreatif,berpikir konsepsual, merasa dilindungi dan dipelihara• Karena Tuhan maha rahman dan rahim maka kita merasa
tenang dan mampu bekerja (sbg rahmat)• Ada orang yang tidak memahami/mengapresiasi rahmat,
dia acuh dan menganggap memang sudah begitu; tdkbersyukur
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(Prinsip 3) MENDIDIK ADALAH AMANAH
Bekerja benar penuh tanggungjawab• Kerja adalah titipan berharga yang dipercayakan dan terikat
secara moral. Mhs tdk belajar hanya untuk sekadar lulus ujian.• Anak dan siswa anda adalah amanah yang dititipkan. Ilmu yang
anda miliki adalah amanah (titipan). Anda punya orang tuayang memberi amanah, dengan doa agar anda menjadi orangyang bermakna bagi umat.
• Anda sendiri adalah milik Sang Pencipta dan memiliki potensi,akal sebagai amanah: spiritual, intelektual: logika, kemampuanberpikir), berbahasa (verbal), berhitung, seni, emosional dankreativitas, yang dapat dikembangkan (yang juga amanah)untuk diabdikan kepada sesama makhluk Allah.
• Kita manusia dalam melaksanakan amanah harus melakukanyang terbaik, jujur, menjaga harkat dan martabat sebagaimakhluk yang dimuliakan.
• Manusia yang baik adalah manusia yang paling bermanfaatbagi orang lain.
• Kemampuan menggali dan mengembangkan potensi diri(belajar) adalah amanah.
Prof Jalius Jama
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MENGAPA PENTING KEPEMIMPINAN ?
BISAKAH ANDA MENGINGAT KEMBALIMASA LALU TATKALA ANDA BARU
MENJADI PNS YUNIOR;
SUATU HARI ANDA HARUS MENGHADAPKEPALA DINAS
BAGAIMANAKAH PERASAAN ANDA ???
CEMAS BERCAMPUR GUGUP
TAKUT SALAH; TAKUT KENA MARAH???
NAH, YOU DON’T DO THAT NOW !!!
Prof. Jalius Jama
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FOUR ELEMENTS IN THEDIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS
(1) The Innovation is an idea, practice or object that isperceived as new by an individual or other unit of
adoption. If the idea for the individual, it is an
innovation
(2) Communication as the process by which participantscreate and share information with one another in
order to reach a mutual understanding
(3) Time is a dimension of innovation decision process
passes from knowledge to adoption or rejection
(4) A Social System is defined as a set of interrelated
units that are engaged in joint problem solving to
accomplish a common goal.
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ADOPTER CATEGORIES
(1) Innovators: VenturesomeOpinion Leaders
Change Agent
Communication(5) Early adopters: Respectable
(6) Early moyority: Deliberate
(7) Late Majority: Skeptical
(8) Laggards: Traditional
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APAKAH KEPEMIMPINAN ???
• Definition: Leadership as a process of influencingthe activities of an organized group in its task of goal-setting and goal achievement
KEPEMIMPINAN ADALAH KEKUATAN (power)MEMPENGARUHI DIRI SENDIRI DAN ORANGLAIN/KELOMPOK UNTUK BEKERJASAMA SECARAIKHLAS DALAM UPAYA MENCAPAI TUJUANBERSAMA
• Ada dua strategi manajemen: REACTIVE MAINTENANCE
PROACTIVE DEVELOPMENTAL
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MENGAPA KEPEMIMPINAN ???
BERBAHAGIALAH GURU YANG MEMILIKI
PEMIMPIN (KEPSEK) YANG PEDULI
PENDIDIKAN ADALAH MENCIPTAKAN SITUASI DAN KONDISI YANG BERSAHABAT HANGAT
MENYENANGKAN MENYENANGKAN= BAHAGIA MANUSIA = PUNYA PERASAAN
BAGAIMANA BILA ANDA JADI PEMIMPIN?
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SEPULUH FAKTOR SEKOLAH EFEKTIF
SEKOLAH EFEKTIF
Kepemimpinan
Profesional
Kesamaan
Visi, Misi danTujuan
Pemberdayaan
Potensi siswa
Supervisi &
Monitoring Pemberdayaan
Potensi Guru
Pemberdayaan
Stakeholders
Komite SekolahDewan Pend.
Sumber
DanaDukungan
Pemda/DPR
Lingkungan
Internal/ekst.
Prof. Jalius Jama
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FUNGSI DAN PERAN KEPALA SEKOLAH
MOTIVATOR ADMINISTRATOR
LEADER MANAJER
EDUCATOR SUPERVISOR KEPEMIMPINANKEP. SEKOLAH
INOVATOR
El f t f Eff ti S h l
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Eleven factors for Effective Schools(Sammon et al, 1994)
• Professional leadership (Kepemimpinan Profesional)• Shared vision and goals (Berbagi visi dan Tujuan)
• A learning environment (Menciptakan Lingkungan)
• Concentration on teaching and learning
• Purposeful teaching• High expectations
• Positive reinforcement
• Monitoring progress
• Pupil rights and responsibilities• Home-school partnership
• A learning organization
El f f Eff
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Eleven factors for Effective Organization(Sammon et al, 1994)
• Professional leadership• Shared vision and goals
• A learning environment
• Concentration on Tasks and People• High expectations
• Positive reinforcement
• Monitoring progress• Cooperative-Collaborative and partnership
• Friendship and warm environment
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TENDENCIES OFMANAGERS AND LEADERS
• Leaders tend to be HUMAN RELATION-oriented and managers
tend to be TASK-oriented.
• Managers strive for order, but leaders tolerate ambiguty.
• Managers try to correct failures; leaders turn failures into
successes.
• Leaders inspire people, but managers depend on systems
•Managers attemp to adjust to change, but leaders attempt to
produce a change. Without change there can be no progress.
Prof. Jalius Jama
B L T E OF M N GER ND LE DER
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ABILITIES OF MANAGERS AND LEADERSAS WELL AS SUPERVISORS
THINK: refers to the exercise of one’s mental faculties to
form ideas; to solve problems; to reach conclusions; toanalyze and synthesize data; and to reason. (cerdas dantrampil)
SOSIALIZE: refers to ability to find a meaningful, purposeful
place in society. TRANSCEND: capabable of stepping beyond its immediate
experience (mampu belajar dari pengalaman)
COMMUNICATE: not only to speak and be heard but also tolisten, comprehend, to exchange ideas among people
SELF-AWARNESS: Know ourselves strengths andweaknesses
VALUE: use criteria to produce decisions on the basis fordetermining the difference between right or wrong as
well as good and bad.
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PENDIDIKAN SEBAGAI SISTEM
PENGELOLA
DAN GURUPROGRAM/
KURIKULUM
MANAJEMEN
STRATEGI
SARANA/
FASILITAS
INPUT/
SISWAOUTPUT/
LULUSAN
PROSES
PENDIDIKAN
Prof.Jalius Jama
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APAKAH KONUNIKASI???
(1) Good leaders listen (mendengar)
(2) Effective leaders are fair (jujur dan adil)
(3) Effective leaders are goal oriented
(4) Effective leaders direct actions of others
(5) Good leaders know how to evaluate people
and programs
(6) Leaders are responsible for their own andgroup
(7) Effective leaders are skilled
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ELEMENTS OF DIFFUSION
Why there is so much interest in the diffusion of innovations is because getting a new idea adopted,
even when it has obvious advantages,
IS OFTEN VERY DIFFICULT
4. Diffusion is the process by which an innovation iscommunicated through certain channels overtimeamong members of a social system.
5. Communication is a process in which participants
create and share information with one another inorder to reach a mutual understanding.
6. Communication is as two way process of convergence, rather than as a one way
FOUR ELEMENTS IN THE
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FOUR ELEMENTS IN THEDIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS
(1) The Innovation is an idea, practice or object that isperceived as new by an individual or other unit of
adoption. If the idea for the individual, it is an
innovation
(2) Communication as the process by which participantscreate and share information with one another in
order to reach a mutual understanding
(3) Time is a dimension of innovation decision process
passes from knowledge to adoption or rejection
(4) A Social System is defined as a set of interrelated
units that are engaged in joint problem solving to
accomplish a common goal.
CHARACTERISTICS: RATE OF
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CHARACTERISTICS: RATE OFADOPTION
(1) Relative advantage is a degree to which an innovation is
perceived better than the idea supersedes
(2) Compatibility is a degree to which an innovation is perceived
as being consistent with the existing value, past experences
and needs of potential adopters
(3) Complexity is the degree to which an innovation is perceived
as difficult to understand and use
(4) Trialability is the degree to which an innovation may be
experimented with on limited basis. New ideas that can be
tried on the installment plan will generally be adopted morequickly than those that are not divisible
(5) Observability is the degree to which the results of innovation
are visible to others. The easier it is for individuals to see the
results of innov., the more likely they to adopt.
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ADOPTER CATEGORIES
(1) Innovators: Venturesome(2) Early adopters: Respectable
(3) Early mayority: Deliberate
(4) Late Majority: Skeptical(5) Laggards: Traditional
Opinion Leaders
Change Agent
Communiation
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The Innovation as Decision Process
FIVE MAIN STEPS IN THE PROCESS:(2) Knowledge: when an individual is exposed to theinnovation and gain some understanding
(3) Persuasion: forms a favorable or unfavorable
attitude toward the innovation(4) Decision: occurs when an individual engages in
activities to a choice to adopt or reject the innovation
(5) Implementation: when individual put the innovation
into use(6) Confirmation: occurs when individual seeks for
reinforcement of an decision that has already beenmade or he/she may reverse if exposed to conflicting
messages about the innovation.
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THE PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION (ROH)
MENDIDIK ADALAH:RAHMAT (Tulus & Syukur)
AMANAH (Tanggungjawab)PANGGILAN (Integritas)
BEKERJA IKHLAS
AKTUALISASI DIRI
IBADAH
SENI
KEHORMATAN
PELAYANAN
ROH/PHIL
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Metode Ilmiah/PENELITIAN
FENOMENA:ExperienceInformasi
FaktaData
Prosedur
To know
ILMU(konsep+prinsip)
ILMU vs PENGETAHUAN
PENGETAHUAN
(knowledge)
Konsepsualisasi(Pemahaman)
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6 KRITERIA KEPEMIMPINAN
INTERNAL FACTORS
• INTELLECTUAL CAPACITY SELF SIGNIFICANCE
• VITALITY (DAYA TAHAN) TRAINING (PELATIHAN)
• EXPERIENCE REPUTATION
EXTERNAL FACTORS• ACCEPTABILITY
• TRACK RECORDS
KECERDASAN
• IQ
• EQ: self controll, patience, tekun, positive thinking
• SQ: rendah hati