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    Smart BuildingsA Market Overview

    A University of the West of England

    KnowledgeMark report

    Produced for the

    Environmental Technologies iNet

    Released: November 2011

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    Smart Bui ld ing s

    A Market Overview

    Contents

    Executive summary ................................................................................................... 3

    1. Introduction to iNets ......................................................................................... 42. Sector Context ................................................................................................. 53. Global, UK and Regional Markets .................................................................... 84. Subsectors / Technical areas ......................................................................... 145. Opportunities ................................................................................................. 17Further information / Glossary of acronyms ............................................................. 20

    Appendix ................................................................................................................. 22

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    Executive summary

    Smart buildings help their owners to achieve their goals by optimising the

    capability of all equipment and systems across the whole business.

    Fully interoperable systems in buildings can perform better, cost less to maintain

    and have a smaller environmental impact than individual utilities and

    communication systems.

    Smart buildings contribute to energy savings and achieving sustainability goals,

    they also offer the potential to extend the life of equipment and impact on the

    security and safety of buildings and their occupants.

    The global market value of the Low Carbon and Environmental Goods and

    Services (LCEGS) sector is 3,046 billion, of which the UK accounts for 3.5%.

    The global market is forecast to grow by 45% from 2007/8 to 2014/15, with a

    potential global market value of 4,417 billion - an increase of 1,371 billion.

    The five largest country markets are: USA, China, Japan, India and Germany

    Positive growth of over 4.5% per year is forecast across all UK LCEGS

    industries.

    Market growth in the UK Renewable Energy and the Emerging Low Carbon

    sector is likely to be sustained throughout and beyond the current economic

    downturn, with these sectors forecast to experience much higher long-term

    growth rates in comparison to the traditional environmental sector. This will

    create new domestic and international opportunities for both new and existing UKcompanies.

    The value of the market to the South West region is more than 8 billion with

    more than 4,000 companies operating in the sector.

    Large scale development of smart buildings is being hampered by an insufficient

    grasp of the technologies by professionals and a lack of technical standards and

    communications protocols.

    ICT products and solutions that are key to the success of smart buildings will be

    design and simulation tools, building automation, control and management

    systems, smart metering, smart grids, user-awareness tools and improvements ininteroperability and standards.

    Opportunities related to these are also presented at a service level.

    Bristol is considered well placed to develop smart applications. The Bristol Smart

    City Programme supports this.

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    1. About the Environmental Technologies iNet

    The Environmental Technologies iNet provides support to the most innovative

    environmental goods and services businesses in the South West of England*.

    We can help you develop, protect and commercialise your ideas, products and

    services and if you are already trading, we can help you exploit new markets and

    grow your business. All our services are confidential, independent and completely

    free of charge. No fees, no commission, no hidden agenda. Our only interest is in

    strengthening the regions reputation as the place to do green business, by helping

    its environmental technology sector to innovate and expand.

    Led by the University of the West of England and backed by an impressive

    consortium of partners (University of Exeter, Bristol City Council, Regen SW and

    University of Bristol) the iNet benefits from a wealth of expertise and offers an

    extensive range of free business support tools and services.

    We also provide networking and partnership building opportunities facilitating

    collaborations between the enterprises and individuals we work with and bringing

    together representatives from business, academia and the public sector to discuss

    ideas and share best practice.

    If you are an innovative company or entrepreneur with high growth aspirations, the

    Environmental Technologies iNet can help you achieve your goals.

    *Excluding Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly

    The Environmental Technologies iNet is part financed by the European Regional

    Development Fund South West Competitiveness and Employment Programme.

    Managed by the Department for Communities and Local Government, this

    programme of investment from the European Union is helping to increase the

    prosperity of the region through supporting enterprise and individuals to develop

    ideas and plans that contribute to increased productivity and competitiveness.

    The total amount of investment across the seven-year programme is 108,751,309,

    with the Environmental Technologies iNet receiving 1,006,500.

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    2. Sector Context

    Buildings industry

    According to the European Unions Directive on Energy Performance of Buildings

    (2002/91/EC), buildings account for more than 40% of energy consumption in

    Europe. This is due to heating, cooling and lighting operations within buildings.

    Furthermore, buildings are responsible for the largest source of CO2 emissions (36%)

    in the EU. Improving the energy performance of buildings is, therefore, key to

    achieving the EU Climate and Energy objectives1.

    The construction sector is one of Europes largest industries, including building, civil

    engineering, demolition and maintenance industries. Construction, operation and

    maintenance of facilities is about 20% of GNP in industrialised countries and life

    cycle costs are dominated by operation and maintenance while design and

    construction are less than 25%. The sector has typically been characterised by

    many small enterprises and high labour intensity, being also highly dependent on

    public regulations and public investments. Around 40% of construction turnover is in

    public sector contracts.

    In general, the industry has been slow to adopt practices that could improve their

    energy efficiencies. Factors affecting this include a lack of incentives for owners,

    insufficient demand from tenants and the expense associated with retrofitting. Added

    to this is the difficulty in centralising and managing data found within buildingequipment. Typically, commercial buildings have a wide range of technology and

    communication devices that have been installed ad hoc over time. These include

    security devices, computer/internet connections, heating and cooling systems, and

    lighting, all operating on different protocol standards. Monitoring energy usage and

    device performance in this environment is extremely difficult. Added to this is the fact

    that nobody typically owns a buildings system data, nor is anyone tasked with

    using it to drive building-management efficiencies. Compounding this lack of

    incentive to improve energy efficiency is a lack of accountability among a buildings

    owner, operator and tenants.

    Smart Buildings

    ICT has a powerful role to play in supporting the development of energy efficient,

    smart buildings. A definition of a smart or intelligent building is one in which the

    building fabric, space, services and information systems can respond in an efficient

    manner to the initial and changing demands of the owner, the occupier, and the

    environment2. ICT now has the capability to optimise systems automatically in real

    120% reduction in greenhouse gases emissions by 2020 and a 20% reduction in energy

    consumption by 2020.2

    As defined by the civil engineering and architectural firm Arup.

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    time. It is ubiquitous, with the UK communications infrastructure reaching almost

    100% for landline, broadband, mobile phone and GPS coverage. User interfaces are

    continually improving and multiple systems are able to interact more effectively than

    ever.

    ICT can enable building operators to become more data driven by enabling different

    devices to communicate with each other. This can inform them when preventive

    maintenance should be carried out and identifies operational inefficiencies that need

    action. It can be gathered remotely from sensors, meters, lighting, heaters and other

    equipment. Information can also be scaled so that many buildings can be managed

    through a web interface from one point at the same time, providing the opportunity to

    run them more efficiently.

    The merging and translating of building data from a wide range of automated

    systems into a common platform to allow analysis and reporting enables managers tosee a bigger picture of their organisation and allows for more informed decision-

    making. Web-based dashboard displays allow managers to see a snapshot of

    information on issues such as high energy use or abnormal maintenance costs and

    other issues that need to be addressed promptly. Truly smart systems tap into their

    shared intelligence in order to work without the need for human intervention to predict

    difficulties and avert them in many cases.

    Enabling buildings to be smarter on a continuous basis could provide significant and

    sustainable cost savings. A study by The Climate Group3 estimates that ICT has the

    potential to reduce global energy consumption from all sectors by about 15% by2020. It suggests that the biggest impact can be made by ICT tools for the

    improvement of energy efficiency in buildings at the design phase and through smart

    building management systems.

    Although 85% of total energy consumption occurs in the operation phase of a

    building, opportunities exist to reduce consumption throughout the whole construction

    product life cycle. The design phase offers opportunities to test alternative solutions

    to optimise energy efficiency levels. The support phase once a building is up

    presents opportunities to support more efficient operation through supervising

    networked intelligent and control devices and systems.

    3SMART 2020: Enabling the low carbon economy in the information age.

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    Regulation and Incentives

    The EU Directive on Energy Performance of Buildings (2002/91/EC) is the main

    legislative instrument at EU level to achieve improved energy performance in

    buildings. Under this Directive, the Member States must apply minimum

    requirements in the energy performance of new and existing buildings, ensure thecertification of their energy performance and are required to inspect boilers and air

    conditioning systems in buildings regularly. The Directive introduces a general

    framework for a methodology to calculate the energy performance of buildings. Data

    produced by the Directive will be useful for the sector, enabling the identification of

    inefficiencies, best practices and best opportunities. This can be used by the ICT

    sector to design and deliver appropriate tools and products.

    Within the UK, domestic and business users are becoming more and more aware of

    environmental issues and how their buildings impact on these. This is evident in

    initiatives to improve insulation in homes and buildings, improve monitoring andcontrol of energy performance and install renewable energy sources such as solar

    panels and wind turbines. This move is supported by a combination of legislation

    and incentives.

    The Renewables Obligation (RO) seeks to incentivise directly early

    commercialisation of emerging energy technologies, helping to further technological

    development and exploit economies of scale, reducing barriers to entry.

    The UK Innovation Fund is based on an investment of 150 million from the

    Government with additional private sector to grow the fund to 1 billion over 10years. It supports investment in technology-based industries that will be important for

    the UKs future prosperity.

    Barriers and Challenges

    Although much of the technology exists to build smart buildings, there are a number

    of reasons why they are not being built in any large scale way already:

    Key professions do not have a sufficient grasp of smart technologies (i.e.

    architects, planners, engineers, builders) and need to work very closely toachieve real results;

    It is difficult to make a business case based on the data available from the

    disparate small scale examples that exist;

    It is difficult to retrofit applications;

    Lack of technical standards;

    Lack of communication protocols.

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    3. Global, UK and Regional Markets

    Global market size, value and growth forecast

    Market data relating to smart buildings is not yet very comprehensive as the market

    is still young. However, building technologies and energy management are sectors

    that are assessed and can provide some insight. The diagram below shows a high

    level view of some of the key components of both sectors. Please refer to the

    appendix for more detail on the activities and products that fall within these

    components.

    Building technologies and energy management are considered emerging low carbonactivities within the broader Low Carbon and Environmental Goods and Services

    (LCEGS) sector. Alongside other emerging low carbon activities (such as reduced

    emissions from within the transport and construction sectors, nuclear energy, energy

    management, carbon capture and storage and carbon finance), the LCEGS sector

    encompasses traditional environmental activities and renewable energy

    technologies.

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    The most recent market analysis undertaken for the Department for Business,

    Enterprise and Regulatory Reform4 sizes the global LCEGS sector and its subsectors

    as follows based on data from 2007/8:

    Global market value: 3,046 billion Share of global LCEGS market

    Europe: 27%

    Americas 30%

    Asia 38%

    Environmental activities: 21.6%

    Renewable energy: 30.9%

    Emerging low carbon activities:

    47.5%

    Building Technologies is 2nd largest market

    within this by value (12.8%)

    It is estimated that overall the global LCEGS sector grew by about 4% in 2007/8

    creating new market opportunities worldwide. This is forecast to continue despite the

    economic downturn.

    UK market size, value and growth forecast

    The UK LCEGS market is sized as follows based on 2007/8 data:

    UK market value: 106.2 billion Share of UK LCEGS market

    Between healthcare and construction

    sectors

    6th

    largest market in the world with 3.5% of

    global market share.

    US (20.6%)

    China (13.5%)

    Japan (3.6%

    India (6.3%)

    Germany (4.2%)

    Environmental activities: 22.3 bn (21%)

    Renewable energy: 31 bn (29%)

    Emerging low carbon activities: 53.3 bn (50%)

    Building Technologies: 12.1% of total

    Energy Management: 2.4% of total

    Companies: 54,835 (91.5% SMEs)

    Building Technologies: 6,601

    Energy Management: 1,304

    Jobs: Over 881,000

    Almost half in Emerging low carbon activities

    Building Technologies: 107,000

    Energy Management: 22,000

    4 Low Carbon and Environmental Goods and Services: an industry analysisMarch 2009,Innovas Solutions Ltd

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    Just under a third (31%) of overall activity in this sector is in manufacturing. Given

    the size of the LCEGS sector and its growth rate in both domestic and global

    markets, environmental activities offer an attractive opportunity for the UKs

    manufacturing base to exploit current and emerging technologies.

    The overall growth forecast across the UK LCEGS sector is 4.7% for 2009/10,

    increasing to 6.10% by 2014. The emerging low carbon industries sector is predicted

    to grow an average of 5% a year in this time. Even allowing for a further economic

    slowdown, the UK LGEGS sector could increase in value by up to 48 billion in the

    eight years to 2015, with growth totalling 45%. The relatively high growth forecast for

    the LCEGS sector, in spite of the current economic downturn, creates new domestic

    and international opportunities for new and existing UK companies.

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    These charts based on 2009/10 data provide an overview of the LCEGS sector across the UK using four key measures - sales, employment,

    growth and companies.

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    UK export and import performance

    Exports have remained largely stable in the last three years. The top destination

    countries in 2009/10 were China, Spain, Hong Kong, Italy, Taiwan, UAE and

    Singapore. Figures for 2007/8 were:

    Exports nearly 10% of sales (10.5 million)

    Building technologies: 1,352m

    Energy management: 317m

    Imports have also remained largely stable in the last three years. The top originating

    countries in 2009/10 were China, Hong Kong, Spain, UAE, Mexico, Taiwan, Pakistan

    and Singapore. Figures for 2007/8 were:

    Building technologies: 784m

    Energy management: 192m

    South West region market size, value and growth forecast

    The South West regions LCEGS market is sized as follows based on 2007/8 data:

    SW market value: 8.7 billion Share of SW LCEGS market: 8%

    Environmental activities: 2.1 bn (24%)

    Renewable energy: 2.1 (24%)

    Emerging low carbon activities: 4.5bn (52%)

    Companies: 4,200 Jobs: 74,000

    Exports

    824 m (8% of UK total)

    Main destinations: China, Spain,

    Pakistan, USA and UAE

    Building Technologies (106 m)

    Growth

    5% (slightly below UK average of 5.2%) with

    highest growth rates in emerging low carbon

    activities.

    The UK LCEGS economy across the regions is broadly in line with regional GDP.

    However, the South West has performed above in some areas including Building

    Technologies. Within the South West, Bristol is the clear leader in terms of sales,

    employment and the number of companies involved in environmental technologies

    and smart sectors.

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    These charts based on 2009/10 data provide an overview of the Smart Cities relevant sectors (Building Technologies and Energy

    Management) across the regions using four key measures - sales, employment, growth and companies.

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    4. Subsectors / Technical areas

    Domestic and commercial buildings

    The majority of energy consumption in domestic building is due to space and water

    heating. The consumption of lighting and appliances is rising rapidly, particularly due

    to the ever-increasing number of electrical gadgets in homes. This is similar to the

    situation in commercial buildings, although the share of lighting and appliance

    consumption is higher than in domestic buildings due to greater utilisation of ICT

    equipment. It is estimated that commercial buildings account for about 33% of

    energy demand and domestic buildings for around 67%.

    ICT products and solutions have a role to play throughout the life cycle of smart

    buildings. Their application has the potential to improve energy efficiency in the

    following key areas:

    1. Design and simulation tools

    ICT tools can be applied at any stage throughout the entire life of a building design

    stage. Tools can be used to design and plan buildings that fit within the

    environments in which they are built and to use local sources of energy. Information

    models based on information from monitors and sensors can allow more accurate

    measurement of energy usage, system status and equipment conditions during a

    buildings operational life. Not only does this allow the buildings themselves to adapt

    to varying conditions but it also gives customers better information on their choicesand offers them better opportunities to integrate their demands.

    2. Building automation, control and management systems

    These are systems that can adapt the operation of the building (domestic or

    commercial) according to the external environment and the needs of its users.

    Automation and control systems enable the integrated interaction of a number of

    technological elements such as heating, ventilation, air conditioning, lighting, safety

    equipment etc. These need to be easy to customise and configure and are applied

    through technologies such as nanotechnologies, sensors, wireless communicationsand data processing. These technologies are now capable of embedding ambient

    intelligence in buildings so that they can detect user presence in a space and

    personalise the environment to the users preferences lighting, temperature, etc.

    Building management systems can contribute significantly to reducing energy

    consumption and can range in complexity from heating control systems to those that

    integrate multiple areas.

    In addition, building management systems can connect smart buildings with

    neighbouring buildings in order to share or trade the energy they produce and feed

    any excess into grids.

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    3. Smart Metering

    Smart metering systems enable individual users to see the detail of their

    consumption (of both electricity and gas) and adopt appropriate measures for

    energy saving. Through two-way communication with utility companies they offer

    the potential for smart applications to take themselves off the grid when there is a

    shortage of electricity, thereby managing peaks in demand more effectively. The

    UK is aiming for 100% roll out of smart metering by 2019. Italy already has a

    very advanced deployment, with the energy provider Enel claiming to have 32

    million customers with smart meters.

    Advanced metering infrastructure could provide the framework for joint business

    models among energy utilities, telecoms operators and building management

    companies.

    4. Smart Grids

    Smart grids aim to predict and respond to the behaviour and demands of

    consumers and suppliers by using smart meters with digital monitoring and

    management technologies. A number of major smart grid trials are currently

    taking place in Singapore, Malaga, Malta and South Korea. There is no UK

    regulation yet in relation to smart grids but funding is available for major trials

    though the Low Carbon Networks Fund run by Ofgem.

    The potential decarbonisation of the grid so that electricity is produced entirely

    from zero-carbon sources would present opportunities for new technologies,

    including energy management systems. This is likely to have an impact first on

    larger buildings and later on domestic buildings.

    5. User-awareness tools

    Tools that feed back information to users on real time energy consumption can

    encourage them to change behaviour in order to reduce energy consumption. It

    is important that this information is targeted to their requirements and appropriate

    to the degree of urgency. In cases where smart meters are already in use, a

    reduction in consumption of around 10% is seen. In addition to devices that can

    be easily accessed in the home, dashboard displays for public buildings are likely

    to become more commonly seen.

    6. Interoperability and standards

    The most significant weakness in current control systems is that separate

    controllers are used for each application. They operate separately, withoutexchanging information. This means that the building they are working in is in

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    effect a series of sub-systems rather than being considered holistically. This

    leads to sub-optimal results in terms of energy flow, comfort, cost and control.

    Clearly, interoperable control systems, governing all HVAC (heating, ventilation

    and air conditioning), lighting and other electrical applications in the buildingwould optimise energy usage. A truly interoperable system would allow owners,

    operators, designers, constructors, regulators and other stakeholders to share,

    communicate, apply and maintain information about their buildings facilities.

    However, with different sub-systems produced by a range of manufacturers,

    installed by different companies and without any standardisation for interfaces

    and communication, truly interoperable systems are still some way off. A new set

    of protocols dedicated to wireless communications in particular is required.

    Interoperability also extends to smart homes in which control systems are

    interoperable with consumer electronic appliances, communication devices andapplications in the home in order to provide consumers with greater flexibility.

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    5. Opportunities

    National and international environmental targets are likely to focus the public and

    investment spotlight on low carbon sector technologies and performance. At the

    same time rising energy demand from developing nations and fluctuating energy

    prices are likely to increase the international focus on energy security and encourage

    continued investment in new energy technologies.

    The European Commission identifies a number of areas for research and

    development in relation to environmental efficiency and smart buildings technology.

    These are indicators of where the opportunities lie in terms of investment.

    Intelligent objects embedded systems able to manage appropriate protocols

    in order to acquire and supply information;

    Communications allowing all intelligent objects (sensors, actuators etc) to

    communicate between themselves and over the network, based on standardised,

    open protocols;

    Smart Building Management Systems (BMS) / Energy Control Management

    Systems (ECMS) new systems characterised by improved features, the ability

    to communicate by embedding appropriate tags and the ability to monitor

    complex assembling of products and equipment in the built environment. BMS

    and ECMS that allow dynamic control and (re-) configuration of devices in order

    to respond to the environment or changes in strategy. BMS and ECMS that are

    the foundations of self-configuring home and building systems which learn fromtheir own and user behaviour and are able to adapt to new situations;

    Multimodal interactive interfaces making the in-house network as simple to

    use as possible, without overloading personal communication devices

    unnecessarily.

    These areas for research are likely to build on the following existing and cutting edge

    technologies:

    Wired and wireless sensors currently being investigated in the built

    environment;

    Wireless and wireline connection models and protocols still under

    development;

    Proprietary platforms and networks currently mostly experimental;

    Dumb legacy services specialised / dedicated services deployed without

    interoperability between services;

    Multimodal context-aware interfaces/devices few intelligent objects that

    are not intrusive and offer ability to integrate seamlessly.

    In addition to these technical areas, opportunities lie at a service level:

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    Impact analysis of the potential impacts of ICT based solutions on energy

    efficiency;

    Creation of energy saving business models supported by ICT;

    Energy services. Energy service companies could offer a range of services toenergy users such as operation and maintenance of installations, energy supply,

    facility management (including technical, cleaning, safety and security) and

    energy management including energy audits, consulting, demand monitoring and

    management.

    Local building energy trading could have a profound impact on the way energy

    is generated and distributed

    Remote operational services. This is an area in which telecoms providers could

    have an important role to play. Energy-efficiency applications using multimodal

    interactive interfaces (TV, PC, mobile) could provide users with information such

    as smart metering details, appliance-specific real-time power consumption and

    temperature monitoring. They could also supply smart metering services for

    utility companies, maintenance of building management systems and other

    services like remote monitoring, surveillance and management/control of

    applications. Telecoms providers could also play a role in providing secure

    remote access to smart homes and buildings. The same technology could

    enable people to manage their holiday homes remotely. It could equally enable

    technicians to manage a large number of buildings from a central location.

    Engineering customised solutions: services in integrating numerous products

    from design to operation and maintenance phases.

    Smart City Bristol an opportunity in the region

    Opportunities also exist at a very local level. Bristol has a target of reducing CO2

    emissions by 40% by 2020. It has also set itself the objective of becoming one of the

    top 20 European cities by 2020. As a part of this, its Smart City Programme was

    launched in March 2011 with the assistance of funding from the UK Department for

    Energy and Climate Change. The City Council has also received funding in excess

    of 300,000 from the EU. This is to fund two projects as part of the Smart City

    Programme starting in 2012.

    The first project will develop a model to monitor energy usage within public buildings

    such as schools. The Council will be working in partnership with a British systems

    manufacturer and over 30 partners across Europe, including IBM and CISCO. The

    second project will support the further implementation of electric vehicles in Bristol

    through the development of web-based tools to highlight important information for

    electric vehicle users such as charging locations and links to public transport options.

    http://www.ibm.com/uk/en/http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/UK/http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/UK/http://www.ibm.com/uk/en/
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    A recent study commissioned by the City Council examines how to transform Bristol

    into a Smart City5. This study looks into the overlap between green and smart

    issues with an emphasis on opportunities to reduce carbon emissions. It suggests

    that by applying the criteria used in The Climate Groups Smart 2020 report6

    findings, Bristol has the potential to make energy efficiency savings of around 53

    million by 2020. Leading smart cities are identified in the study as including SanFrancisco, Seoul, Helsinki, Malaga and Amsterdam.

    The study recommends three key areas as a focus for Bristols smart city work:

    smart grids and meters,

    smart transport and

    smart data.

    It suggests a roadmap to include:Identifying the location of existing smart meters in the city and aiming for 100%

    coverage by 2020;

    Extending the number of smart buildings in Bristol. The flagship smart building in

    Bristol is the new Environment Agency building;

    Installing external smart performance displays (dashboards) and internet

    enabled building management systems for all larger buildings in order to raise

    awareness and encourage behaviour change;

    Creating smart data sources and a data consolidation platform;

    Establishing a real time open data portal and smart phone applications;

    Establishing a city-wide dashboard by 2015.

    A focus on implementing smart city policies in Bristol would, naturally, provide

    opportunities for large, small and medium sized businesses in the region. This

    expertise could in turn be applied to the market as it develops nationally and globally.

    Bristol is considered well placed to develop smart applications with its strong

    technical, academic and cultural base. Currently, though, there is limited

    implementation of smart data applications in the city.

    The study estimates that the period for payback on new build smart buildings is less

    than four years. It anticipates that Bristol can achieve its buildings related emissions

    reductions by being ahead of national averages with regard to building insulation,

    installed renewable energy and smart energy management systems for large

    buildings. Smart grid technologies would be integral to smart buildings.

    5Smart City Bristol a study by Chris Tuppen of Advancing Sustainability LLP, March 2011

    http://www.connectingbristol.org/2011/04/21/smart-city-bristol-report-available-online/6

    Smart 2020: Enabling the low-carbon economy in the Information Age, The ClimateGroup, June 2008 http://www.theclimategroup.org/publications/2008/6/19/smart2020-enabling-the-low-carbon-economy-in-the-information-age/

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    Further information / Glossary of acronyms

    Smart City Bristol Advancing Sustainability LLP, March 2011http://www.connectingbristol.org/2011/04/21/smart-city-bristol-report-available-online/

    Arup Smart Cities Oct 2010www.arup.com/Publications/Smart_Cities.aspx

    Carbon Trust Focus for success A new approach to commercialising low carbontechnologies, 2009http://www.carbontrust.co.uk/publications/pages/publicationdetail.aspx?id=CTC752

    Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers (special interest groups includeIntelligent Buildings)www.cibse.org

    The Climate Group Smart 2020: Enabling the low carbon economy in the

    information age. www.smart2020.org/_assets/files/02_Smart2020Report.pdf

    Continental Automated Buildings Association (CABA) and Frost and Sullivan BrightGreen Buildings: Convergence of Green and Intelligent Buildings 2008,www.caba.org/brightgreen

    Department for Business Innovation and Skills: Market Intelligence

    http://www.bis.gov.uk/policies/business-sectors/low-carbon-business-opportunities/market-intelligence

    HM Government (2009) Building Britains Future: New Industry, New Jobs,http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file51023.pdf

    HM Government/Innovas (2009) Low Carbon and Environmental Goods andServices: an industry analysis,http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file50253.pdf

    The EU Directive on Energy Performance of Buildings (2002/91/EC):

    http://ec.europa.eu/energy/efficiency/buildings/buildings_en.htm

    European Commission: Addressing the challenge of energy efficiency through

    Information and Communication Technologies (Brussels, 13.5.2008).

    European Commission ICT for a Low Carbon Economy: Smart Buildings. Findingsby the High-Level Advisory Group and the REEB Consortium. July 2009.http://ec.europaa.eu/ictforee.

    European Commission: Mobilising Information and Communication Technologies tofacilitate the transition to an energy-efficient, low-carbon economy (Brussels,12.3.2009).

    Forum for the Futurewww.forumforthefuture.org

    http://www.connectingbristol.org/2011/04/21/smart-city-bristol-report-available-online/http://www.connectingbristol.org/2011/04/21/smart-city-bristol-report-available-online/http://www.arup.com/Publications/Smart_Cities.aspxhttp://www.arup.com/Publications/Smart_Cities.aspxhttp://www.arup.com/Publications/Smart_Cities.aspxhttp://www.arup.com/Publications/Smart_Cities.aspxhttp://www.arup.com/Publications/Smart_Cities.aspxhttp://www.arup.com/Publications/Smart_Cities.aspxhttp://www.arup.com/Publications/Smart_Cities.aspxhttp://www.carbontrust.co.uk/publications/pages/publicationdetail.aspx?id=CTC752http://www.carbontrust.co.uk/publications/pages/publicationdetail.aspx?id=CTC752http://www.cibse.org/http://www.cibse.org/http://www.cibse.org/http://www.smart2020.org/_assets/files/02_Smart2020Report.pdfhttp://www.smart2020.org/_assets/files/02_Smart2020Report.pdfhttp://www.caba.org/brightgreenhttp://www.caba.org/brightgreenhttp://www.caba.org/brightgreenhttp://www.bis.gov.uk/policies/business-sectors/low-carbon-business-opportunities/market-intelligencehttp://www.bis.gov.uk/policies/business-sectors/low-carbon-business-opportunities/market-intelligencehttp://www.bis.gov.uk/policies/business-sectors/low-carbon-business-opportunities/market-intelligencehttp://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file51023.pdfhttp://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file51023.pdfhttp://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file50253.pdfhttp://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file50253.pdfhttp://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file50253.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/energy/efficiency/buildings/buildings_en.htmhttp://ec.europa.eu/energy/efficiency/buildings/buildings_en.htmhttp://ec.europaa.eu/ictforeehttp://ec.europaa.eu/ictforeehttp://www.forumforthefuture.org/http://www.forumforthefuture.org/http://www.forumforthefuture.org/http://www.forumforthefuture.org/http://www.forumforthefuture.org/http://www.forumforthefuture.org/http://ec.europaa.eu/ictforeehttp://ec.europa.eu/energy/efficiency/buildings/buildings_en.htmhttp://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file50253.pdfhttp://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file51023.pdfhttp://www.bis.gov.uk/policies/business-sectors/low-carbon-business-opportunities/market-intelligencehttp://www.bis.gov.uk/policies/business-sectors/low-carbon-business-opportunities/market-intelligencehttp://www.caba.org/brightgreenhttp://www.smart2020.org/_assets/files/02_Smart2020Report.pdfhttp://www.cibse.org/http://www.carbontrust.co.uk/publications/pages/publicationdetail.aspx?id=CTC752http://www.arup.com/Publications/Smart_Cities.aspxhttp://www.connectingbristol.org/2011/04/21/smart-city-bristol-report-available-online/
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    The Institute of Engineering and Technologywww.theiet.org

    Low Carbon South Westwww.lowcarbonsouthwest.co.uk

    Regen South Westwww.regensw.co.uk/

    UK Green Building Councilwww.ukgbc.org

    Acronyms

    BMS Building Management System

    ECMS Energy Control Management System

    HVAC (Heating, ventilation and air conditioning)

    iNet

    LCEGS Low Carbon and Environmental Goods and Services

    http://www.theiet.org/http://www.theiet.org/http://www.theiet.org/http://www.lowcarbonsouthwest.co.uk/http://www.lowcarbonsouthwest.co.uk/http://www.lowcarbonsouthwest.co.uk/http://www.lowcarbonsouthwest.co.uk/http://www.lowcarbonsouthwest.co.uk/http://www.lowcarbonsouthwest.co.uk/http://www.regensw.co.uk/http://www.regensw.co.uk/http://www.regensw.co.uk/http://www.regensw.co.uk/http://www.regensw.co.uk/http://www.regensw.co.uk/http://www.ukgbc.org/http://www.ukgbc.org/http://www.ukgbc.org/http://www.ukgbc.org/http://www.regensw.co.uk/http://www.lowcarbonsouthwest.co.uk/http://www.theiet.org/
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    Appendix

    The Department for Business Innovation and Skills analyses the Energy Management andBuilding Technologies industries in terms of manufacture, supply, distribution, installation andmaintenance within the following subsectors:

    Energy Management

    Energy SavingLightingEquipment

    Industrial and Domestic Lighting Bulbs & Tubes, Lighting Systems andControl Systems

    Energy SavingHeating &VentilationEquipment

    Industrial and Domestic Industrial Heating Control Systems, HeatingEquipment, Ventilation Systems, Ventilation Equipment

    Energy SavingElectricalEquipment

    Industrial Power Factor Control Equipment, Building Control Systems,Industrial Power Consumption Control & Monitoring Equipment, DomesticBuildings Control Equipment. Domestic Power Consumption MonitoringEquipment

    Gas Supply Leak Detection & Maintenance Services, Supply Systems MaintenanceServices, Consumer Equipment Maintenance, Gas Monitoring Services,Manufacture of High Efficiency Consumer Equipment EnhancementDevices, Supply System Upgrade Equipment, Gas Monitoring Equipment,Gas Supply Optimisation & Control Systems, Gas Meterage Equipment

    Consulting,Education &Training

    Design Of Energy Management Systems New Build, Design Of EnergyManagement Systems Retro Fit, Energy Management Advice andConsultancy, Energy Management Training Services, Energy ManagementPublication of Books and Periodicals, Energy Management of Leaflets andBrochures

    Technologies,Research &Development

    New Lighting Technologies, Heat Pumps & Equipment, PowerManagement Software, Infra Red Detection Systems, Development ofEnergy Management Software, Development of Advanced EnergyManagement Systems, Development of High Efficiency Lighting,Development of High Efficiency Power Systems, Development of HighEfficiency Heating & Ventilation Systems

    Building Technologies

    Windows: Electro Chromatic Window Glass, Double Glazed Units, Triple GlazedUnits, Advanced Plastic Thermally Insulated Frames (Windows),

    Honeycomb Systems (Windows), Insulated Alloy Frames (Windows)

    Doors Insulated Plastic Doors, Insulated Alloy Doors

    Insulation andHeat RetentionMaterials

    Insulation Materials (Walls), Controlled Venting and Ducting, HeatRetention Ceramics, Heat Retention Surfaces, Fibre Insulation Materials(Roofing), Granular Insulation Materials, Electronic Control Systems

    Monitoring andControlSystems

    Motorized Valves and Actuators, Sensing Devices, Inter-BuildingElectronic Control Systems, Balanced Inter Building Heating Systems,Energy Management Software, Energy Analysis Software, EnergyMonitoring Systems, Distributed Energy Management Software,Distributed Energy Analysis Software, Distributed Energy Monitoring

    Systems

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