smart card file system (iso 7816-4)
DESCRIPTION
MF. DF. DF. DF. EF. EF. EF. EF. EF. EF. MF Master File (root directory, must always be present) DF Dedicated File (directory file, can contain directory and data files) EF Elementary File (data file). Smart Card File System (ISO 7816-4). MF. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Smart Card File System (ISO 7816-4)
MF
DF
EF EF
DF
EF EF
EF EF
DF
MF Master File (root directory, must always be present)
DF Dedicated File (directory file, can contain directory and data files)
EF Elementary File (data file)
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Smart Card File Names (ISO 7816-4)
Reserved FIDs3F00 MF root directory
0000 EF PIN and PUK #10100 EF PIN and PUK #2
0001 EF application keys0011 EF management keys
0002 EF manufacturing info0003 EF card ID info0004 EF card holder info0005 EF chip info
3FFF file path selection
FFFF reserved for future use
MF
FID File Identifier (2 bytes)
FID File Identifier (2 bytes)
DF
DF Name (1-16 Bytes)usually ISO 7816-5 AID
EF Short-FID (5bits) FID File Identifier (2 bytes)
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EEPROM pages
100'000 write cycles
64 byte page size
Smart Card Internal File Structure
EF
Header
Body
–Header: file structure info, access control rights, pointer to data body content changes never or seldom, protected from erasure
–Body: data, content might change often, many write operations
pointer
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MULTOS• A high security architecture
– Apps needing high security can reside next to apps needing low security
• Co-residence of multiple, inter-operable, platform independent applications
• Dynamic remote loading and deletion of applications over the lifetime of a card– Achieved using the language MEL (MULTOS
Executable Language)
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PC/SC• Architecture designed to ensure the
following work together even if made by different manufacturers:– smart cards– smart card readers– computers
• Differs from OpenCard because it offers API interoperability rather than uniform API
• Designed for Windows environment with development in Visual C++
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Java card • The Java Card specifications enable Java technology to run on
smart cards and other devices
• Multi-Application Capable - Java Card technology enables multiple applications to co-exist securely on a single smart card
• Dynamic: - New applications can be installed securely
• Secure: - relies on the inherent security of the Java programming language to provide a secure execution environment. - platform's proven industry deployments and security evaluations ensure that card issuers benefit from the most capable and secure technology available today.
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How can the SMART card help in new channels?
Earning and redeeming
rewards with Virtual
Merchants
To store personal data
for covenience
on-line
To Secure Virtual World Shopping with Credit (Chip
SecureCode) or e-Cash
To Managing Finances Securely and Conveniently
Virtual Health, Govt or other
Services
Entertainment on Demand
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Proprietary Smart Card Operating Systems
Chip Hardware BChip Hardware BChip Hardware AChip Hardware A
Proprietary OS AProprietary OS B
Native EMV Code
Native LoyaltyCode
Data Data
RO
ME
2
Native EMV Code
Native EMVCode
Native LoyaltyCode
Data Data
RO
ME
2
Proprietary Chip OS developed in “native” code - specific to underlying silicon - to access chip functions. OS often dedicated to performing a single specific function – e.g. EMV OS code is fixed in the ROM of the chip, and cannot be changed after the chip is made.
Limited number of programmers able to make adaptations to proprietary OS – impact on time to market if changes / new functions required. In order to multi-source silicon, native code must be redeveloped from scratch for new chip.
Chip Hardware BChip Hardware BChip Hardware AChip Hardware A
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KILLER Applications
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Open Platform (Card Manager & Security Domain) APIOpen Platform (Card Manager & Security Domain) API
Windowsfor
Smart Cardby
Microsoftand
GlobalPlatform
Java Cardby
Sun Microand
GlobalPlatform
Multos
Credit/DebitCredit/DebitWIMWIMSIMSIM
Logical &Logical &Physical Physical AccessAccess
LoyaltyLoyaltyE-PurseE-Purse
oror oror
Operating System Options
MULTOSby
MondexInternational
andMAOSCOCouncil
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Proximity Solutions for MULTOS
2 types of MULTOS “Dual-Interface” cards – supporting communication with the chip via both the contact plate and the contactless interface based on Proximity Standard - ISO 14443
Hitachi/DNP Contactless MULTOS: 36K EEPROM, Type B contactless interface, Available now
Supports both versions of Paypass transaction (contactless M/Chip 4, or Contactless Track 2 data) and in fact can execute ANY existing MULTOS application over the contactless interface.
Keycorp / Philips Contactless MULTOS, 16K EEPROM, MIFARE Type A contactless interface, Prototypes available now
Supports Mifare ticketing only. Full contactless MULTOS application execution planned for Q3 2004
250K issued for 250K issued for Japan Residential Japan Residential
ID cardID card
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Smart Card Corporate ID& E-Purse Multi-application system
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Smart toolz File creation utility
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What is RFID?• RFID is an ADC technology that uses
radio-frequency waves to transfer data between a reader and a movable item to identify, categorize, track...
• RFID is fast, reliable, and does not require physical sight or contact between reader/scanner and the tagged item
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What is RFIDWhat is RFID
Radio Frequency Radio Frequency IdentificationIdentification
Radio Frequency Radio Frequency IdentificationIdentification
LabelLabel
(Transponder)(Transponder)
Reader/AntennaReader/Antenna
(Interrogator)(Interrogator)
ComputerComputer
Tag enters RF field
RF signal powers tag
Tag transmits ID, plus data
Reader captures data
Reader sends data to computer
Computer determines action
Computer instructs reader
Reader transmits data to tag
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• RFID Diagram:
Note: The host is the software database...
Reader
RF Module
Antenna
Host ComputerHost Computer
RFID Primer
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Note: The RF module creates radio frequency (RF). It receives and transmits RF through the antenna…
Reader
RF Module
AntennaAntenna
Host ComputerHost Computer
RFID Primer
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Note: The RF module creates radio frequency (RF). It receives and transmits RF through the antenna…
Reader
RF Module
AntennaAntenna
Host ComputerHost Computer
RFID Primer
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Note: Tag (transponder) is interrogated by the antenna....
ReaderReader
RF ModuleRF ModuleTagTag
AntennaAntenna
Host ComputerHost Computer
RFID Primer
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Note: The antenna captures the tag ID number…first as analog RF waves, then it is converted to digital information.
(Tag ID Communication)
Reader
RF ModuleTag
Antenna
Host ComputerHost Computer
RFID Primer
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An RFID Tag Is A Portable Database
…A sophisticated computing and communications device…A wireless extension of Information Systems
Interrogation UnitTx/RxMicro
Computer
Computer Network
Antenna Tag
Radio Tx/Rx
RAM ROM
CPU I/O
Pwr Supply
Radio Tx/Rx
RAM ROM
CPU I/O
Pwr Supply
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What is RFID? -- The Tags
• Tags can be read-only or read-write• Tag memory can be factory or field
programmed, partitionable, and optionally permanently locked
• Bytes left unlocked can be rewritten over more than 100,000 times
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• Tags can be attached to almost anything:– pallets or cases of product– vehicles– company assets or personnel– items such as apparel,
luggage, laundry– people, livestock, or pets– high value electronics such
as computers, TVs, camcorders
What is RFID? -- The Tags
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Are All Tags The Same?
Basic Types:Active
•Tag transmits radio signal•Battery powered memory, radio & circuitry
•High Read Range (300 feet)Passive
•Tag reflects radio signal from reader•Reader powered•Shorter Read Range (4 inches - 15 feet)
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• Variations:– Memory
• Size (16 bits - 512KBytes +)• Read-Only, Read/Write or WORM• Type: EEProm, Antifuse, FeRam
– Arbitration (Anti-collision)• Ability to read/write one or
many tags at a time– Frequency
• 125KHz - 5.8 GHz– Physical Dimensions
• Thumbnail to Brick sizes – Price ($0.50 to $250)
Are All Tags The Same?
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Types of Tags - Memory Segmentation
Read Only (Factory Programmed)
WORM - Write Once, Read Many times
Reprogrammable (Field Programmable)
Read/Write (In-Use Programmable)
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What is RFID? -- The Readers
• Readers (interrogators) can be at a fixed point such as– Entrance/exit– Point of sale– Warehouse
• Readers can also be mobile -- tethered, hand-held, or wireless
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Advantages• Uses normal CMOS processing
—basic and ubiquitous
• Relative freedom from regulatory limitations
• Well suited for applications requiring reading small amounts of data at slow speeds and minimal distances
• Penetrates materials well (water, tissue, wood, aluminum)
<150 kHz (125 kHz & 134 kHz )
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Disadvantages:• Does not penetrate or transmit around metals
(iron, steel)• Handles only small amounts of data• Slow read speeds• Large Antennas -- compared to higher
frequencies• Minimal Range
<150 kHz (125 kHz & 134 kHz )
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Disadvantages:• Tag construction:
is thicker (than 13.56 MHz) is more expensive (than 13.56 MHz)more complex
(requires more turns of the induction coil)
<150 kHz (125 kHz & 134 kHz )
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RFID Primer…RFID Primer…FrequenciesFrequencies
Inductive Magnetic Field Coupling: 13.56 MHz (Popular Smart Card Frequency) 1 MHz 10 MHz
Mid. Freq.EAS
AM CB
RFID:Smart Cards
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13.56 MHz13.56 MHz Advantages• Uses normal CMOS processing--basic and
ubiquitous • Well suited for applications requiring
reading small amounts of data and minimal distances
• Penetrates water/tissue well • Simpler antenna design (fewer turns of
the coil); lower costs to build• Higher data rate (than 125 kHz--but
slower than higher MHz systems) • Thinner tag construction (than 125 kHz)
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Disadvantages• Government regulated frequency
(U.S. versus Europe)• Does not penetrate or transmit around
metals (unless very thick)
• Large Antennas (compared to higher frequencies)
• Larger tag size than higher frequencies• Tag construction: requires more than one
surface to complete a circuit• Minimal Range
13.56 MHz13.56 MHz
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Bar Codes vs. RFIDBar Codes vs. RFIDSystem Barcode RFID Data Transmission Optical Electromagnetic
Typical Data Volume 1-100 Bytes 128-8K Bytes
Data Modification Not possible Possible
Position of Data Carrier for Read Write
Visual contact Non line of sight possible
Reading Distance Several Meters (line of sight)
From centimeters to meters (depending on the frequency and tags)
Access Security Little High
Environmental Susceptibility
Dirt Very Small
Anticollision Not possible Possible
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RFID Applications• Petrol Service Stations
– In Singapore, the Mobil petrol service stations has already introduced RFID technology to implement their Speed Pass system to enable drivers to fill up the petrol and drive away. All information will be gathered automatically through RFID smart tags and customers’ bills can be settled through GIRO.
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RFID Application in Petrol Service Station
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RFID Application in a Factory Canteen
• In the video, it is very interesting to notice that in the factory canteen’s environment, RFID tags are attached at the bottom of the plates to identify the cooked food and its price.
• The staff of the factory need only to pick up the food on the tray and place the tray on top of a RFID reader.
• The RFID reader will identify the products and its price. The staff need only to place the cash card to pay for the food.