Robert James

Date 1/16/2018

Contact rojames@hntb.com

(732) 689-1989

Smart Cities and Connected Automated Vehicles

Automated Intersection https://youtu.be/4SmJP8TdWTU2

Smart Cities

3

A Smart City utilizes innovative and emerging technologies and concepts to collect, analyze, and utilize data from many sources to enhance the city’s livability.

Smart City concepts are easily extrapolated to Smart Region concepts.

Mobility

Mobility as a Service

Automated/ Connected

Vehicles

Public Transit

Transportation Infrastructure

Parking Monitoring

ITS & Incident Management

Arterial Operations

Others

Health & Human Services

Public Safety

Energy, Waste, Water

Smart Cities

• Improve Mobility/Reduce Congestion

• Increase Safety – Vision Zero

• Improve Efficiency – Save Money/Time

• Reduce Emissions

• Spur Economic Development/Access to Jobs

• Raise Quality of Life

Usually a transportation perspective, but not always

- Smart homes, offices, warehouses, business processes

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Traditional ITS

• Highway Cameras

• Radar Detectors

• Intersection Detectors

• Adaptive Traffic Signals

• Variable Message Signs

• Fiber Optics

• Automatic Vehicle Locators (AVL)

• Modern Control Centers

• EzPass Toll Systems

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Innovative and Emerging Technologies

• Crowdsource Vehicle Monitoring (WAZE/Google)

• Connected Vehicles (CV) and People

• Automated Vehicles/Electric Vehicles (AV/EV)

• Real-time Big Data Processing

• Real-time Traffic Signals

• In Vehicle/Personal Messaging

• Mobility as a Service (MaaS)

• Real-time Mobile Apps

• Internet of Things (IoT)

• Open Road Toll Systems

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Smart Cities• Columbus Ohio – USDOT $40M + $500M private sector

– Connected Vehicle Environment (14 Applications)

– Connected Electric Automated Vehicles

– Human Services (Various Apps, Kiosks, etc.)

– Mobility on Demand

• New York

– CV Pilot (15 Applications)

– Wireless Challenge Governor's Island

– MTA Subway Challenge

– Open Road Tolling

– Automated Bus (Tunnels and Airports)

• Philadelphia

– Real-time Info/Mobility on Demand

– Signal Priority

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Smart Cities• San Francisco

– Mobility on Demand

– Treasure Island Automated Shuttle

– Advanced Tolling

– Electric Vehicles at Airport

• Las Vegas

– Fiber Infrastructure

– Customer Kiosks

– Automated Shuttle

• Tampa/Jacksonville

– CV Pilot (11 Applications)

– Automated Testbed (Suntrax)

– Replace Monorail with Automated Vehicles

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Smart Cities Challenge

• US DOT Smart City Challenge (2016)

– $40 Million from U.S. DOT

– 78 Applicants, 7 Finalists, 1 Winner

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• Columbus, OH

Smart City Challenge Winner:

• Austin, TX

• Denver, CO

• Kansas City, MO

• Pittsburgh, PA

• Portland, OR

• San Francisco, CA

Smart City Challenge Finalists:

• Private Industry Participation

– $500 Million from private industry partners

• Door-to-door service – First/Last Mile to Transit

• Serve radius around high ridership transit hubs (train stations and park-n-rides)

• Reduce parking demand, congestion, and single passenger vehicles through ride-sharing

6/2/2015

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Mobility on Demand

Real-time Mobile Apps

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Beginning of Connected Automated Vehicles

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• I first Presented at ITS

America 1994

• It was one of the

FHWA Concept

Families

• Showed how the

infrastructure

communications and

vehicle sensor

technology would

evolve to give us

Connected Automated

Vehicles

Tampa Connected Vehicle Pilot

▪ Multi-modal suite

of applications

collocated at

intersections

▪ Bus, streetcar,

vehicle,

pedestrians and

bikes

▪ Expressway and

arterial streets

Jacksonville, FL Ultimate Urban Circulator (U2C)

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Newark AirTrain Replacement Comparison

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Automated People Movers

Connected Automated Vehicles

Steel Rubber Automated Shuttle

Operational Flexibility 0 0 4

Repurpose Track 0 0 5

Potential to be Vendor Options 2 2 5

Flexibility for Phased Deployment

0 1 5

Deployment Cost 4 3 2

O & M Costs 4 4 2

Risk 0 0 2

Connected/Automated Vehicle Projects

• NJDOT Statewide Transit Signal Priority

• PennDOT CV/AV Oncall

• PANYNJ XBL CAV System Engineering

• Tampa CV Pilot

• City of Columbus Smart City Challenge

• Florida Turnpike Enterprise Automated Vehicle Proving Ground

• Michigan DOT Connected Vehicle Support Program

• Florida DOT Connected Vehicle Program Support Services

• Tennessee DOT CAV Plan

• U.S. DOT Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Reference Implementation

• U.S. DOT DSRC Standards Support

• Florida DOT Transportation Systems Management & Operations Program Support

• Florida DOT Automated Vehicle General Engineering Contract

• U.S. DOT ITS Strategic Plan

• Michigan DOT Truck Parking Information and Management System

• Miami-Dade Expressway Authority Connected Vehicle Program Support

• Central Florida Expressway Authority CAV Plan

• U.S. DOT Connected Vehicle Test Bed Operations Management Support

• Safety Pilot Connected Vehicle Model Deployment

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Traffic Signal

Equipped

DSRC Radio

Bus with Connected Vehicle

Device

Connected Vehicle

(V2I)

Connected Vehicle Applications

· Pedestrian in Signalized Crosswalk Warning (Transit)

· Intersection Movement Assist (IMA)

· Left Turn Assist (LTA)

· Vehicle Turning Right in Front of Bus Warning (Transit)

· Eco-Approach and Departure at Signalized Intersections

· Eco-Traffic Signal Timing

· Eco-Traffic Signal Priority

· Operations Communications

Connected Vehicles and Smart Traffic Lights

• Dozens of new applications

being developed with

technology

• Opens doors for BRT

funding for Transit Signal

Priority Implementation

Connected Vehicles

• Urban canyon, tunnels,

reflectivity of buildings create

challenge for GPS

• NYC pilot showed UWB is

needed to provide better

location accuracy in the city

• Lane level accuracy needed

for most applications

• Automated vehicle

applications need 5-10

centimeter accuracySource: USDOT

Lincoln Tunnel Exclusive Bus Lane (XBL) Automation

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Eastbound Lanes

To NYC

Westbound

Lanes

To NJCo

ntr

a-F

low

Lan

e

Automated Vehicles and Automated Highways

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Existing Automated Bus Options

• Larger Vehicles 24+ passenger

vehicle

– Amsterdam Airport

Mercedes-Benz Future Bus

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBjFT9W

AQxU

– Eugene, Oregon

EmX Articulated -

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_oKsleO

ocFM

– Dubai, UAE APM Replacement

2getThere – Large GRT

http://www.zdnet.com/article/forget-self-

driving-cars-heres-how-driverless-trains-are-

moving-ahead/

Mercedes

Future Bus

2getthere

Large

Vehicle

EmX Articulated

Automated Bus Options

Mini Shuttles – 10/12 passenger

• Navya – Las Vegas

http://mashable.com/2017/11/07/las-vegas-self-

driving-shuttle-aaa-navya/#dB8Pm9tj5PqH

• Tampa, FL – Coast Autonomous

https://youtu.be/_zmhT-99RfU

• Helsinki/Oslo/Tokyo - EZ-10 electric Mini Buses

-

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ZTlqyQGm

qQ

• Local Motors/Intel’s Olli -

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9joEsWiYFE

I

• Netherlands ParkShuttle – 2getthere GRT -

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WlAHXcQH

WpU

• Greece/Spain CityMobile2 -

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L99XJg0qR

Vc

Olli

EZ-10

2getthere

GRT

CityMobile2

Navya

Coast P-1

Automated Bus Options

• Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) –4 Passengers

– London Heathrow POD Cars from Ultra Global https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Byk8LcPovOQ

– Masdar City Abu Dabi –2getthere PRT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5G9X0voSi2Y

Ultra PRT

2getthere

PRT

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NYC CV Pilot use of Ultra-wideband

https://youtu.be/ZycoQmnNo18

Enhanced GPS vs UWB on 6th Ave

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Enhanced GPS

Ultra-wideband

NYC Smart Cities• Provide centimeter location accuracy in urban canyon and

tunnels

– Enhanced CV applications

– Improved logistics

– Improved mobile applications

– Automated vehicle applications

• Projects include

– Open Road Tolling on all tunnels and bridges

– CV citywide deployment

– NYC Fleets Telematics Deployment

– Exclusive Bus Lane (XBL) Automated Bus Deployment

– Extend XBL to Secaucus Junction for Automated Shuttles

– Automated vehicles at airports

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Wireless for Subways - CBTC

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Automated Deployments

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Smart Columbus

(6 connected electric

automated shuttles)

XBL thru NYC Lincoln Tunnel (1900

Bus retrofit through dedicated lane)

Separation Policy Approaches

• Fully Autonomous

– Highly intelligent machines emulating human behavior with advanced sensor suites

– Google, Tesla, Uber, Low speed shuttles

• Platooning

– Connected vehicle groups at close proximity

– PATH, Peloton

• SafeGap Field

– Highly cooperative connected vehicles with optimized spacing based on field theory

– Robotics, 1st FHWA Connected Automated Concept Family

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Safe Gap Separation Policy

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• Vehicles generate force fields based on individual

vehicle dynamic capabilities and uncertainties

• Infrastructure exerts forces based on hard and

soft delimiters

• Obstacles exert forces based on uncertainty from

expected motion

Response-time Safe Gap Spacing

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Human

Driver

Connected

Automated

Vehicle

Safe Gap Difference

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• Spacing maximized for safety

• Can get close together as density increases based on

response capabilities and relative dynamic capabilities

• Lateral and longitudinal behavior is coupled

Sensor Limitations V2X & Sensor Fusion (Longitudinal)

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• Conventional Sensors (Radar, Vision, Lidar) have

problems with weather, curves, hills, obstructions

• Connected V2X w/Ultra-wideband solve these

scenarios

Stra

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oad

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ole

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Can

yon

Spee

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imit

Det

ecti

on

Radar $

Vision $

LIDAR $$$

V2X $

UWB $

Longitudinal Control

Sensor Limitations V2X & Sensor Fusion (Lateral)

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• Conventional Sensors have problems with poor

lane markings, work zones, merging, weather,

obstructions, objects beyond line of sight

• Connected V2X w/Ultra-wideband solve these

scenarios

Goo

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ane

Mar

kin

gsG

ood

Wea

ther

Poo

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Mar

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Rai

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Bey

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ase

Sno

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Sign

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Sign

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rio

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Trav

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Radar $

Vision $

LIDAR $$$

V2X $

UWB $

Lateral Control Intersection

Where are we going with Automated Vehicles?

• Near Term

– Low-speed autonomous fixed route deployments

– High-speed Semi-dedicated connected facilities

• Mid Term

– Low speed 1st/Last Mile Shuttles

– Automated Vehicle Guideways replacing rail at airports, subways, commuter rail and long haul

• Long Term

– Automated Mobility on Demand

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• Sec. 6002 and 6003: Technology and Innovation Deployment Program –$335 million

• Sec. 6004: Advanced Transportation & Congestion Management Technologies Deployment (ATCMTD) program -$300 million

• Sec. 1105: Fostering Advancements in Shipping and Transportation for the Long-term Achievement of National Efficiencies (FASTLANE) -$4.5 billion

• NEW!! Section 1105: Infrastructure for Rebuilding America (INFRA) Grants - $1.5B

Fixing America’s Surface Transportation

$305 billion five-year, federal transportation

authorization bill

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Flying Taxis

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uhaSKvRTGWM