smart columbus easton ceav › engineering › otec...1. stop at every stop – simple but...
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Smart Columbus
Easton CEAVAutonomous First-and-Last-Mile Transit for Columbus
Presented by
Katie McLaughlin
Tim Rosenberger
Andy Wolpert
10/10/2017
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Introduction to CEAVs
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Connected Electric Automated Vehicles (CEAVs)
• Connected to the Connected Vehicle Environment
• Electric, battery powered with charging infrastructure
• Automated driverless operations
• Transit Vehicles that are accessible and shared
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CEAV Shuttles• Numerous automotive and
technology companies have begun to develop AVs
• Most are electric-powered
• Most are small, light-duty vehicles
• A handful are developing higher capacity CEAV shuttles, and new products may come to market
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CEAV Shuttle Specs
Local Motor’s Olli (USA)
EasyMile(France)
2getthere(Netherlands)
Navya(France)
Passenger Capacity
12 (9 seated) 12 (6 seated)PRT: 12 (8 seated)
GRT: 24 (12 seated)15 (11 seated)
Maximum Speed 25 mph 25 mph 25 mph 28 mph
Advertised Range
32.4 miles Up to 14 hours 45 miles 9 hours
Special Features IBM’s WatsonCan install steering wheel and brakes
Requires magnets for guidance
Wireless charging
All vehicles are electric-powered, have features for ADA accessibility, and can be driven in
both directions. They can also all be tracked remotely for real-time monitoring and control.
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CEAV Operating Opportunities
• Ideal for first mile / last mile transit service
• Corridors with insufficient demand for a full-sized bus or train
• Circulation within campuses and employment centers
• Mobility as a Service
• Provide travel options that together create a comprehensive
and efficient transportation network
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CEAV Operating Constraints
• Should not have large overlap with existing transit service
• Limited running speed and ability to interact with mixed traffic
• In Columbus, cannot safely operate on roads like Morse or
Stelzer
• Limited range and charging capacity
• Ride hailing capability, accessibility to be determined
• Cannot operate under all weather or roadway conditions
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CEAV Shuttles Alternatives Analysis
CEAV Shuttle Waymo Minivan Innova Tesla
Road Legal* No Yes, FMVSS Yes, underspeed Yes, FMVSS
ADA Compliant Yes Maybe No No
Electric Yes No Yes Yes
Possibility for a mixed fleet with one ADA compliant vehicle?
*Per current Ohio Revised Code
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CEAV Operating Constraints
• Limited range: a major disadvantage of electric vehicles
• Range impacted by speed, passenger load, hills, temperature
• Recharging complicates operator scheduling
• Even in AV applications, it increases fleet requirement
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CEAV Operating Constraints
• WSP developed “BOLT” simulation
tool to comprehensively analyze
electric vehicle conversions
• Accounts for impacts to staffing,
operations, fleet, facilities, costs
• Allows agencies to accurately
evaluate electric vehicles
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CEAV Operating Opportunities
• Transit is an ideal early adopter of AV technology
• Existing AVs can safely operate under full autonomy on pre-
programmed routes in constrained environments
• A shared public AV fleet will promote public acceptance of
emerging AV technology
• Lower-capacity shuttles can fill existing gaps in a transit
network in a more cost-efficient way than the existing fleet
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“Sunny Day” Scenario• Passenger arrives at a stop – may or may not know when next CEAV is
arriving
• CEAV arrives at passenger’s boarding stop and opens doors
• Passenger boards CEAV
• CEAV continues autonomously through its programmed route
• Passenger sees their stop is next, prepares to alight
• CEAV arrives at passenger’s alighting stop and opens doors
• Passenger alights CEAV
• CEAV continues autonomously through its programmed route
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“Cloudy Day” Scenario – Example• CEAV is traveling autonomously through its programmed route
• A vehicle ahead of the CEAV stops in the roadway
• The CEAV must arbitrate whether the other vehicle is stopped due to traffic
ahead of it (and perform car following) or because it has become disabled
• The CEAV determines the other vehicle is disabled, decides to pass it
• When opposing traffic is clear, the CEAV passes the other vehicle
• A trained human operator may need to step in
• Because the CEAV had to wait, it is behind schedule, but it continues its
normal route and may eventually return to schedule
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Smart Columbus Easton CEAV Project Overview
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Project Overview
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Goals of CEAV Deployment• Improve safety and mobility of travelers by reducing
walking distances from current stops to final destinations
• Encourage transit use by expanding locations served and implementing efficient schedules and integrated solutions
• Reduce vehicle trips by offering solutions to support a ‘park-once’ approach in the retail area
• Reduce traffic congestion and GhG in the region
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Proposed Concept
• Deploy up to 6 connected CEAV shuttles on three
separate routes, all in a live environment – interacting
with other vehicles, bicyclists, pedestrians, and other
forms of transportation, in the Easton area
• Integrate the CEAV with the City’s Enhanced Human
Services elements including multi-model trip planning
application and common payment system
• Expand the CV Environment to the region
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Implementation Activities
Involve Working Group, with representatives from
the City of Columbus, OSU, Steiner, ODOT,
USDOT, USDOE, COTA, and the consulting team, throughout the process.
CEAV Shuttle Operation
Regulatory Update/
Exception
Operations Planning
Vehicle Procurement
COTA Integration
Marketing/ Customer Comm’ns
Infrastructure Upgrades
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Transit Planning Considerations
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Transit in Easton• COTA routes primarily bring
people to and from Easton
• They are not oriented to providing circulation within Easton area
• Stop spacing relatively wide within Easton Area
• Earlier COTA Easton Circulator was discontinued due to low ridership
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Potential Under-Served Travel Markets
Peak Periods Mid-day Evenings / All Day
Distributing workers, shoppers using COTA
to access Easton
Office workers going to lunch, running
errands
Shoppers(“park once”)
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Circulator Best Practice• Fast
• Provides a direct trip that is the same in both directions, to the extent possible
• Round trip run time 30 minutes or less
• Frequent• 10-15 minute minimum
headway
• Free• Should be fare-free to the user
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Route Concepts
• COTA developed two proposed route
concepts considering these constraints
• Both assume an average speed of 10 mph
• With 5 peak vehicles (and 1 spare), 10
minute frequency on each route is possible
• If a higher frequency is desired, just one
route will be pursued
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Route Concepts
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Ride Hailing Options
1. Stop at every stop – simple but inefficient
2. Stop only when a boarding or alighting is requested• Alightings can be requested onboard
• Boardings are more challenging – smartphone application, interface at stop
3. Allow end-to-end ride requests along a route (no predefined stops)• Request via smartphone application or central interface (not a
button)
• Possibly only during off-peak hours
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Conclusions
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Conclusions
• Pre-determined routes simplify some challenges for AVs,
though many constraints still exist
• CEAV shuttles could enhance existing transit networks,
especially by providing a first-mile / last-mile service
• New services can (and must) be responsive to local user
needs and operating environments
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Thanks for Listening!
Any Questions?