smart dust ppt
TRANSCRIPT
SMART DUST TECHNOLOGY
SMART DUST-ORIGIN 1990s Kris Pester. Dreamt of a future in which people will
sprinkle the surface of the earth with countless tiny sensors.
Idea was to monitor the earth’s climate on a real time basis.
SMART DUST TECHNOLOGY 2
What is Smart Dust?
A tiny dust size device with extra-ordinary capabilities.
Often called micro electro-mechanical sensors
Combines sensing, computing, wireless communication capabilities
autonomous power supply within volume of only few millimeters.
Cont… So small and light in weight that they
can remain suspended in the environment like an ordinary dust particle.
The air currents can also move them in the direction of flow.
It is very hard to detect the presence of the Smart Dust and it is even harder to get rid of them once deployed.
SMART DUST TECHNOLOGY
SMART DUST TECHNOLOGY 5
SMART DUST TECHNOLOGY 6
MICROPROCESSOR TEMPERATURE SENSORLIGHT SENSOR900 MHZ RADIO BATTERY
A MICROPROCESSOR 4 SENSORS LASER POINTER
SPECIFICATIONS OF MOTE
Device on left hand side contains a microprocessor, temperature sensor, light sensor, 900 MHz radio, battery
On the right: a microprocessor, 4 sensors and laser pointer Storage Batteries ~1 J/mm3 Capacitors ~1J/mm3 Data stored in SRAM Solar cells present for supply of power Usage Digital control :nw Analog circuitry :nj/sample Communication: nj/bit
SMART DUST TECHNOLOGY 7
ArchitectureA single Smart Dust mote has: a semiconductor laser diode and MEMS beam
steering mirror for active optical transmission a MEMS corner cube retro-reflector for passive
optical transmission an optical receiver a signal processing and control circuitry a power source based on thick-film batteries and
solar cells.
Components of Smart Dust
Corner Cube Retro-reflector(CCR)
Comprises of three mutually perpendicular mirrors of gold-coated poly-silicon.
Has the property that any incident ray of light is reflected back to the source provided that it is incident within a certain range of angles centered about the cube’s body diagonal.
CCR cont…
The micro-fabricated CCR includes an electrostatic actuator that can deflect one of the mirrors at kilohertz rates.
Thus the external light source can be transmitted back in the form of modulated signal at kilobits per second.
Major Challenges
SMART DUST TECHNOLOGY 13
SIZE: It is difficult to fit all these devices in a small Smart
Dust both size wise and energy wise.
BATTERY: With the devices so small, battery present a
massive addition of weight.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY: Replacing battery not an option.
PRICING: Deployment is an expensive affair.
PHYSICAL SECURITY: Protection against nature and
vandalism.
UPGRADING: Upgrading and resetting manually not
desirable.
COMMUNICATION
2 methods Passive communication Active communication
SMART DUST TECHNOLOGY 14
SMART DUST TECHNOLOGY 15
PASSIVE
ACTIVE
COMPARISION OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE TRANSMISSION
ACTIVE semiconductor diode,
collimating lens, beam steering micro mirror
Comparatively high power usage
Used only for short duration
Inter mote communication present
Long range ~ tens of km Higher bit rates ~ few
mbps Base station commands &
wake up the motes
PASSIVE Uses corner cube retro
reflector (CCR)
Low power consumption
Can be used for longer duration
Inter mote communication absent
Short range ~150 m Lower bit rates ~ few kbps Motes transmit periodic
information automatically by CCR to base station
SMART DUST TECHNOLOGY 16
APPLICATIONS
MILITARY Stealthy monitoring of hostile environments Perimeter surveillance/ Locality Monitoring Chemical or biological monitoring Identification of friend or foeCIVILIAN Meteorological and geophysical monitoring Monitor air conditions and room temperature. Habitat monitoring (monitoring the behavior of
animals in their natural habitat). Factory and Process Automation.
SMART DUST TECHNOLOGY 17
Out of RANGE VIBRATIONS IN INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENTS TO CATCH
MANUFACTURING DEFECTSHOSPITAL MONITORING OF PATIENT
MOVEMENTS /MONITORING THE ELDERLY WHILE ALLOWING FREEDOM
OF MOVEMENTENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
TRAFFIC SENSORS IN URBAN AREAS
MONITOR POWER CONSUMPTION OF HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES
COSMETICS COMPANY MONITORING WAREHOUSE HUMIDITY
MEASURING STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY OF A BUILDING
A FIELD APPLICATION OF SMART DUST
Monitoring onboard machinery
Purpose : predict machine failure
Implementation : 160 motes near ship’s pumps ,
compressors and enginesMotes looks for unusual
vibrations or motion
Challenge: harsh machine environment
PRESENT RESEARCHES
HP-Hewlett Packard Plans to deposit smart dust around the world in next
two years. Match box sized sensors, not grain sized as
envisioned by Pister. Project named “Central Nervous System for the
Earth.” System will:
Check the health of the ecosystem Detect earthquakes. Predict traffic patterns. Monitor energy usage.
SMART DUST TECHNOLOGY 21
FUTURE APPLICATION OF SMART DUST
Forest fire detectionImplementation : drop
smartdust from an airplaneMotes self-organize into a
networkUsage
A mote that detects a fire notifies central monitoring
stationThe mote’s location is the
approximate location of the fire
SMART DUST TECHNOLOGY 23
The map showing the geographical location for the motes to dropped in Iraq for surveillance during war. Manned surveillance is almost impossible
MILITARY USAGE: IRAQ WAR
COST SAVING USING WIRELESS NETWORKS
WIRELESS SYSTEMS COST 30% LESS THAN WIRED SYSTEMS PAY BACK TIME OF 3 YEARS LIGHTING COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS IN THE UNITED STATES CURRENTLY
CONSUMES ABOUT 3.7 QUADRILLION BTUS (BRITISH THERMAL UNITS) OF PRIMARY ENERGY
BERKELEY LAB ESTIMATES, IF BUILDINGS COULD AUTOMATICALLY DIM ELECTRIC LIGHTS IN DAYLIT SPACES, MORE THAN HALF A QUADRILLION BTUS CAN BE SAVED WHICH IS A WHOOPING 14% SAVING
IN BERKELEY CAMPUS ITSELF ,THEY WOULD BE SAVING ABOUT $900,000 A YEAR IN ELECTRICITY COSTS AND SAVING >5% POWER
THE RESEARCHERS SAY ARE CAPABLE OF CUTTING CALIFORNIA'S ANNUAL ELECTRICITY BILL BY $5 BILLION TO $7 BILLION
THESE NETWORKS ARE RELIABLE TO SOME EXTENT AND HAVE A LIFE THAT CAN BE EXTENDED BY RESEARCH
BASICALLY RESEARCH IS GOING ON AT BERKELEY LAB
SMART DUST TECHNOLOGY 24
DRAWBACKS OF SMART DUST TECHNOLOGY
THE SIZE OF THESE DUST MOTES IS SO SMALL THAT ITS PRESENCE CANNOT BE DETECTED VISUALLY
IT MAY HINDER PRIVACY AND PEOPLE MIGHT ALWAYS BE AFRAID THAT SOMEONE IS MONITORING THEM
THE COST OF THESE MOTES IS QUITE HIGH MOTES MAY ENTER RESPIRATORY ORGANS AND MAY CAUSE SERIOUS
HEALTH TROUBLES THE WIND BORNE MOTES ( MAPLE SEEDS) ARE EASILY BLOWN AWAY BY A
STRONG GUST OF WIND SO THEY ARE KIND OF USE AND THROW ITEMS BUT THEY ARE CHEAPER.(ITS DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGY)
THERE IS A POSSIBILITY OF USED BY PEACE HATERS.
SMART DUST TECHNOLOGY 25