smart grid challenge

Name: Abhishek KumarRoll no: 13A51A02E9

TOPIC:SMART GRID and its challenges

(An Autonomous institute)

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali

Aditya Institute of Technology And Management Approved by AICTE , Permanently Affiliated to

JNTU ,Kakinada

What is Smart grid?A smart grid puts information and communication technology into electricity generation, delivery, and consumption, making systems cleaner, safer, and more reliable and efficient. U.S. Department of Energy Definition:A smart grid integrates advanced sensing technologies, control methods, and integrated communications into the current electricity grid.

2


Some Smart Grid Definitions “An automated, widely distributed energy delivery network

characterized by a two-way flow of electricity and information, capable of monitoring and responding to changes in everything from power plants to customer preferences to individual appliances.”

“A smart grid is the electricity delivery system (from point of generation to point of consumption) integrated with communications and information technology”

A smart grid is a modernized electrical grid that uses analog or digital information and communications technology to gather and act on information - such as information about the behaviors of suppliers and consumers - in an automated fashion to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of the production and distribution of electricity. Electronic power conditioning and control of the production and distribution of electricity are important aspects of the smart grid.

3


Aspects of Smart grid Reliability Efficiency Load adjustment/Load balancing leveling and time of use pricing Sustainability Market-enabling Demand response support Prevent Power Theft Self-Healing Network Islanding Two way flow of power and data

4


Characteristic Today’s Grid Smart Grid

Enables active participationby consumers

Consumers are uninformed andnon-participative with power system

Informed, involved, and activeconsumers - demand response andDistributed energy resources.

Accommodates all generationand storage options

Dominated by central generation- manyobstacles exist for distributed energyresources interconnection

Many distributed energy resourceswith plug-and-play convenience focuson renewables

Enables new products, servicesand markets

Limited wholesale markets, not wellintegrated - limited opportunities forconsumers

Mature, well-integrated wholesalemarkets, growth of new electricitymarkets for consumers

Provides power quality for thedigital economy

Focus on outages - slow response to powerquality issues

Power quality is a priority with a varietyof quality/price options - rapid resolutionof issues

Characteristic Today’s Grid Smart Grid

Optimizes assets & operates efficiently

Little integration of operational data withasset management - business process

Greatly expanded data acquisition ofgrid parameters - focus on prevention,minimizing impact to consumers

Anticipates and responds to systemdisturbances (self-heals)

Responds to prevent further damage- focusis on protecting assets following fault

Automatically detects and respondsto problems - focus on prevention,minimizing impact to consumer

Operates resiliently against attackand natural disaster

Vulnerable to malicious acts of terror andnatural disasters

Resilient to attack and natural disasterswith rapid restoration capabilities

The Evolving Grid Concept

Before Smart Grid:One-way power flow, simple interactions

After Smart Grid:Two-way power flow, multi-stakeholder interactions


Smart Grid Applications 8

Distributed Generation and Alternate Energy Sources

Self-Healing Wide-Area Protection and Islanding

Asset Management and On-Line Equipment Monitoring

Demand Response and Dynamic Pricing

Participation in Energy Markets

Shared Information – Continuously Optimizing – Intelligent Responses!

Real-time Simulation


Design

Trading Mechanism Buy/sell electricity

Overload Prevention Mechanism Transmission charge

Online Balancing Mechanism Price for extra demand and supply in real-time

9


Diverse Energy Sources10

http://powerelectronics.com/power_systems/smart-grid-success-rely-system-solutions-20091001/

Wind

Solar

Nuclear

Fossil




CHARACTERISTICS OF SMART GRID

Intelligent – capable of sensing system overloads and rerouting power Efficient – capable of meeting increased consumer demand without adding

infrastructure Accommodating – accepting energy from virtually any fuel source including

Solar and wind as easily and transparently as coal and natural gas Motivating – enabling real-time communication between the consumer and utility Opportunistic – creating new opportunities and markets Resilient – increasingly resistant to attack and natural disasters “Green” – slowing the advance of global climate change and offering a genuine

path toward significant environmental improvement

Smart-grids for India Has to do much more than what is done elsewhere

Smart-grids in India is to be used to Enable decentralized power-generation and optimize usage Explore alternate methods of storage, including storage of heat (cool) Handle peak-demand better Manage demand and supply to meet creatively at all points of time, by using storage

and high-cost instantaneous power-sources At local level At neighborhood level At district level, at state level, at national level

Intelligently decide where to do load shedding if no other options enable time of day metering with remote monitoring

12


Integrated Communications and Security

High-speed, fully integrated, two-way communication technologies that make the smart grid a dynamic, interactive “mega-infrastructure” for real-time information and power exchange.

Cyber Security: the new communication mechanism should consider security, reliability, QoS.

13


Smart Grid Benefits

Economic Development New Jobs: The manufacture, installation, operation and

maintenance of the smart grid and its components will create new jobs within the state.

Innovation: Smart grid innovation will enable the growth of business while rewarding customers with valuable new products.

Lower Costs: Costs rise over time and energy is no exception, but the smart grid should provide less costly energy than otherwise would be possible. As such, it will save customers money which can be invested or consumed as they choose.

14


Smart Grid Benefits-cont Customer Satisfaction

Higher Customer Satisfaction: The combination of lower costs, improved reliability and better customer control will raise satisfaction among all types of customers (residential, commercial, industrial, institutional).

Improved Reliability: Smart grid will reduce and shorten outages and improve the quality of power.

Customer Energy/Cost Savings: As pricing becomes more transparent and is aligned with the underlying economics of generation and distribution, customers’ decisions to save money will benefit society as well

Highest Security: Security will be incorporated into the design of the smart grid and will require the implementation of practices and procedures by individual stakeholders. In this way, the physical and cyber security risks can be managed to the highest standards possible.

15


SMART GRID BENEFITS

A Smart Grid will: Enable consumers to manage their own energy consumption through dashboards

and electronic energy advisories. Broadcast demand-response alerts to lower peak energy demand A Smart Grid will encourage home and building owners Ex: The introduction of EVs to act as temporary electricity storage devices, Utility companies can implement smart electric meters Underground transmission and distribution lines can control the meter theft


CHALLENGES FACING BY SMART GRID

Present Infrastructure is inadequate Most renewable resources are not constant Regulatory Policies to deal with consequences of Smart

Grid; like off peak, peak tariffs and other related matters. Grid Operation : Monitoring & control


Key Challenges Government Support – funding and to ensure development National Road Map adopted and must implementation Access of financial resources particularly due to poor financial

health of the power utilities Lack of Policy and Regulation related to Smart Grid applications

No proven commercial viability of large scale smart grid implementation – Cost and benefit assessment (Most of the initiatives are pilots)

Development of Smart Grid Standards including pilot models that can be adopted by discoms based on their level of maturity to handle such applications

Ability of users to absorb implementation of advanced technology

Lack of awareness requiring knowledge creation, training and capacity building of both the utility and consumers

18


Way Forward

Goals in the National Road Map to be accompanied by implementation structure and mechanisms

Need for coordinated development nationally as well with international bodies

Development of SG Regulations: Optimal regulatory response is of immense importance to make the overall initiative successful and attractive to all parties

Need for creating awareness and acceptance of Smart Grid technologies

Process support to demonstrate commercially viable pilots to demonstrate success and dissemination of such initiatives to other utilities/users

Need to undertake initiatives to encourage indigenous vendor development for reduction of costs and ensure long-term service support

19


Risks and Challenges to SmartGrid Concept Implementation

Unknown cost to complete. Total cost may be more than benefits.

AMI works but SmartGrid technologies may be years in development.

Regulatory policy is undefined therefore uncertain.Technical terminology is confusing to non-technical users.The scope of the national SmartGrid project may be too large.The SmartGrid concept is not “universally” accepted in the U.S.Security question of the day: Is one large grid easer to take out

than several small grids? Hacksaw, virus, etc.


Conclusion

Smart Grid provides intelligent, advanced power control for the next century

Many new technologies involve for supporting sensing, controlling, human interfaces.

Charging electricity cost is fundamental infrastructure can be implemented similar to stock market in smart grid.

This smart grid technology is new and initial cost is more and we don’t know that Present Infrastructure is adequate or not.

Cyber Security: the new communication mechanism should consider security, reliability, QoS.

21
