smart grid devices ami ltc voltage regulator cap bank rtu xfmr sensors relays & ieds integrated...
TRANSCRIPT
Smartgrid
devices AMI
LTC
Voltage Regulator
Cap Bank
RTU
Xfmr Sensors
Relays & IEDs
Integrated Network Manager
OperationsEMS/DMS/DAUtility
Enterprise
Business Applications
GIS, Asset Mgmt.
i BOX
e
Serial
Mini-Grid Communications
Infrastructure
Smart Grid Equipment Monitoring
Today’s Grid Before
One-way limited communication
One-way power flow
No electric vehicles
Centralized generation
Limited reactive power control
Few sensors and analog control
Little to no consumer choice
Reactive maintenance
Limited demand management
Limited T&D automation
Tomorrow's Grid Bi-directional communication
and metering
Bi-directional power flow
Millions of electric vehicles
Distribution automation
Intelligent reactive power control
Pervasive monitoring and digital control
Increased distributed generation
More consumer choices
Condition-based maintenance
Proliferation of demand management
Power
After
Information
Defining The Smart Grid
Source: EPRI® Intelligrid
Smart Grid- The integration and application of real-time monitoring, advanced sensing, communication, analytics and control enabling the dynamic flow of both energy and information to accommodate existing and new forms of supply, delivery, maintenance and use in a secure, reliable and efficient electric power system from generation to end-user.
The integration of two infrastructures… securely…
ElectricalInfrastructure
Information Infrastructure
Asset Management Grid Control Data Collection & Local Control
SensorsCommunications
Strategic Focus … Enabling the ‘Smart Grid’
Objective: Maximize Customer Return on Assets and Operating EfficiencyExecute by Delivering the Smart Grid …
And Critical T&D Network Equipment
Anticipated Smart Grid Benefits*
Relative potential financial benefits …
However, your mileage may vary.
OperationalEfficiencyEnvironmentalImpact
Energy Efficiency
CustomerSatisfaction
*Model developed based on a study conducted with 31 global Utilities
Smart Grid Potential Savings by Benefit Category
Average Annual Benefits to Utility (100K Customer Basis)
8
ARRA(Stimulus) Spending Overview
Electricity Reliability &
Energy Delivery, $4.500
Chief Financial Officer, $6.000 Power Marketing Administrations,
$3.300
Office of Science, $1.600
Advanced Research Projects
Agency, $0.400
Education$53
Health Care$59 Protection
$81
Infrastructure $111
State & Local Relief
$144Energy $36
Tax Relief$288
Office of Fossil Energy , $3.400
Energy Efficiency and Renewables,
$16.800
Energy Efficiency $16.8
Energy Delivery & Reliability $4.5
Loan Guarantees (Renewables) $6.0
Power Marketing Admin $3.3
Fossil Energy $3.4
R&D $2.0
$4.5B Allocated for Smart Grid Technology
Requirements for a Smart Grid
Self-Healing to correct problems early (DA)
Interactive with consumers and markets (AMI)
Optimized to make best use of resources
Predictive to prevent emergencies (CBM)
Distributed assets and information
Integrated to merge all critical information
More Secure from threats from all hazards (NERC)
Source: EPRI® Intelligrid
10
SCADA
ControlsSwitchgearVoltage Regs
EMS
PROTECTION
ASSET MGMTDEREGULATED PARTNERS
RelaysMeters Equipment MonitoringTransformers, Breakers
PowerQuality
LOCAL HMI
From …
ControlsSwitchgearVoltage Regs
Meters Relays Equipment MonitoringTransformers, Breakers
PowerQuality
LOCAL HMI
DEREGULATED PARTNERS
PROTECTIONSCADA EMS
ASSET MGMT
To …
Substation Automation
IED (Controls and Relays) integration increases productivity: • Connects stranded islands of information with universal protocol translation• Centralizes access to all devices for security and efficiency• Eliminates redundant communication infrastructure
IED (Controls and Relays) integration increases productivity: • Connects stranded islands of information with universal protocol translation• Centralizes access to all devices for security and efficiency• Eliminates redundant communication infrastructure
Reactive Proactive Diagnostic/Analytic
Reactive MaintenanceService assets as needed
Preventive Maintenance
Condition Based Maintenance
Maintenance at a specific frequency
Maintain when a potential failure is identified
1980’s 1990’s 21st Century
Calendar based MaintenanceMaintenance at a fixed frequency
Evolution of Asset Maintenance
DegradationFailures
Equipment Failure Timing• Initial failures (installation problems, infant
mortality of installed components).• Degradation over time (temperature, corrosion,
dirt, surge)
Time
LikelihoodOf
Failure
Initial Failures
Area under hatch marks represents
the total likelihood of a failure
2.33 hrs/yr(average)
EarlyDegradation
Failures
Equipment Failure Timing• Poor maintenance reduces equipment life since
failures due to degradation come prematurely soon. IEEE says add 10% to likelihood of downtime.
Time
LikelihoodOf
Failure
Initial Failures Likelihood of failure is
higher because postponed maintenance increases problems due
to corrosion, misalignment, etc, that
would be picked up in a PM program
2.59 hrs/yr(average)
Equipment Outages Hours/YearMV Transformers Win! (Lose?)
02468
10121416
MV
Sw
MV
Ca
ble
MV
Xfr
m
LV
Ca
ble
MV
Bu
s
MV
Bre
ak
ers
Pro
t.R
ela
ys
Outage Costs per Hour
Wireless Communications $41,000Event Ticket sales $72,000Airline reservations $90,000Data Center $336,000Merchant Power Plant 100 MW $410,000Semiconductor manufacturer $2,000,000Credit Card Processing Center $2,580,000Investment Trading Operation $6,480,000
CBM: An Open and Scalable Environment
Real-time RuleAssessment
Alert NotificationsEvent TriggeringMaintenance or
Work Order Generation
Asset Reliability
Integrated AssetInformation Dashboard
Asset InformationStructure
Improve Reliability and Quality
Equipment Monitoring IEDs
Transformer Monitor
Dissolved Gas Monitor
Relays, Meters & Controls
Breaker Monitor Bushing Monitor
Substation LAN
Cap BankTransformer
S
Voltage Regulator
VRC
Gateways
Router
DFR
Carrier Network
Line Switch
RELAY
Feeder Breaker
Switches
SCADA/SMS
Fiber, Wireless, Leased
CBC
Switches
Distribution Automation Network Technologies Overview
Carrier Edge NetworkCore NetworkCarrier
Edge Network
Wireless Mesh, Peer2Peer, Point2MultiPt
CommercialCDMA, GSM, WiMax
Switch
Router
PLC
Distribution Feeder (14k devices)
Recloser
VR
Regulator
S
Sensor
DSDR Substation (300+)
Transformer
PR
Feeder Breaker
S
Voltage Regulator
VRC
Gateway
DMS
VMSDSCADA
Engineering
EMS
ICCP
FMS
DCC
DSM/AMI
PLC
Cap Bank
Fiber, Wireless, MPLS
Cap Bank
Application Issues
Variations in Circuit Breaker & Interrupter Design
CT Saturation; Relay filtering & sampling
Arcing time versus circuit breaker mechanism operation & 52a/b contact
Variations in arc resistance during fault clearing
IEEE C57.91Loading Guide for Oil Filled Transformers
Transformer loading capability is limited primarilyby winding temperature; because it is not uniformthe hottest spot of the winding is the limiting factor.Transformers utilize cellulose insulation systemsthat have a hot spot temperature rating of 110degrees C. The IEEE Loading Guide provides detailed calculation methods to determine transformerlife for specific user situations.
Transformer Temperature Monitor
Microprocessor based system cancalculate winding temperature fromIEEE formulas utilizing top oil temperature, a CT input & transformerdata from factory test or estimates.