smart grid, smart digital sociaty, to save smart earth_min yoon ver 1

8/8/2019 Smart Grid, Smart Digital Sociaty, To Save Smart Earth_Min Yoon Ver 1

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Copyright (c) by inCONTROL Tech Sdn. Bhd.

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Smart Grid, Smart Digital Society, to saveSmart Earth

Min Yoon, P.E

6 Feb 2010

Workshop on Smart Grid Initiatives in the

Asia-Pacific Region

PJ Hilton, MALAYSIA


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Table of Content

Smart Grid Definition

Why Smart Grid?Who triggered Smart Grid?

U.S Investments

What is Smart Grid?

How to implement?

Conclusion


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Clean / Neat

Well dressed in fashionable

Looking new and attractive

Intelligent

Quick

Computer-controlled

Smart Definition

Oxford dictionary


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What is Grid (Power System)?In 2000, the National Academy of Engineering voted

"widespread networks of electrification" the number one

engineering achievement of the twentieth century (NAE,2000).

20th Century Innovation Topics

1. Electrification

2. Automobile3. Airplane

4. Water supply and distribution

5. Electronics

6. Radio and television7. Agricultural mechanization

8. Computers

9. Telephone

10. Air conditioning/refrigeration

11. Interstate highways

12. Space flight13. Internet

14. Imaging

15. Household appliances

16. Health technologies17. Petrochemical technology

18. Laser and fiber optics

19. Nuclear technologies

20. High-performance materials


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The power system as the most complex machine ever builtby human beings

Salient characteristics:

Large-scale

Time-critical

Subsystems:

Generation (supply side)

TransmissionTechnical Animal !

Our mission KEEP The LIGHTS ON is the most critical !

Grid = Power System. The Power System is

Alexander I. Petroianu

Dynamic

Non-linear

Distribution

Load (demand side)


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The driving forces of the power system revolution are:

Technological factorsmicro-electronics

macro-electronics

Socioeconomic-Institutional factorsUnbundling

De-regulation / Re-regulation

Competitive marketHigh demands and expectations from consumer

Power systems in mid-revolution


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Example:WW II

The great East Coast blackout (November 9, 1965)The New York blackout (July 17, 1977)Gulf WarsConflict in BosniaBlackouts in California (July, August 1996)Con Edisons efforts after September 11, 2001The North East blackout (August 14, 2003) 61.8GW

Italy blackout (September 28, 2003) 27.7GW

Growing interconnectedness / dependency of criticalinfrastructures

Power systems as critical infrastructure


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Electricity?Abundant, affordable, reliable, secure, and clean electricpower is paramount for success in the globalmarketplace.

Electricity keeps homes and offices lit, factorieshumming, communications flourishing, computersnetworking, hospitals operating, and buildingscomfortable.

Electricity is so fundamental that people often take it forgranted.

Patricia Hoffman, DOE


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The best minds in electricity R&D have a plan: Every node in thepower network of the future will be awake, responsive,

adaptive, price-smart, eco-sensitive, real-time, flexible,humming - and interconnected with everything else.

The Energy Web By Steve Silberman

Grid in the Future = Smart Grid

Steve Silberman


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Smart Grid DefinitionThe term "Smart Grid" refers to the next-generation,managed electrical power system that leveragesincreased use of communications and information

technology in the generation, delivery and consumptionof electrical energy. IEEE

"The Smart Grid is a revolutionary undertaking, entailingnew capabilities for communications and control,

integration of new energy sources, distributed generationand adoption of a regulatory structure," Erich Gunther,Chairman and CTO with EnerNex and member of the Department of Energy (DOE)

GridWise Architecture Council.

"Successful roll-out requires a phenomenal diversity ofexpertise and experience, proven standards-developmentcapability and shared vision.

IEEE and Erich Gunther


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Smart Grid DefinitionA Smart Grid is self-healing, enables active participationof consumers, operate resiliently against attack andnatural disasters, accommodate all generation and

storage options, enable introduction of new products,services and markets, optimize asset utilization andoperate efficiently, provide power quality for the digitaleconomy. - DOE

Intelligrid is the foundation for the intelligent electricinfrastructure of the future and the platform for futuretechnical, process, and service innovation in the energy

sector. - EPRI

DOE & EPRI


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It is a global society based on a new infrastructure emergingfrom the convergence of energy, telecommunication,

Internet, and electronic commerce. The digital societyrepresents a new era of economics and social experiencedriven by technological changes that are producing newways of working, new means of communicating, new goodsand services, new transaction processes, and new forms ofcommunity.

The digital society is driven mainly by the digital economy

which is enabling commerce in the 21st Century usingtechnology that is microprocessor-based.

What is the Digital Society?

The Digital Society rev.2 3.19.01


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Table of Content


Why Smart Grid?

Who triggered Smart Grid?

U.S Investments

What is Smart Grid?

How to implement?

Conclusion


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Growth in World Electric Power Generation and Total EnergyConsumption, 1990-2030

DOE, May 2009, EIA (Energy Information Administration)


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World Net Electric Power Generation, 1990-2030



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Non-OECD Net Electric Power Generation by Region1990-2030



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Why Smart Grid?Some predict that worldwide electric power generationmay nearly double between 2004 and 2030.

And as the world moves from aPetroleumEconomy to anElectricity economy over the next 30years, electricity will become our most strategic

commodity.

Yet the electric grid -- the all-important middleware thatties the generation of electrical power to its end use

suffers from years of neglect and deferred maintenance.Simply patching yesterdays outmoded infrastructure isntthe answer.

The Forces in Favor of a Smart Grid By SGN, Jan 19, 2010


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Table of Content


Why Smart Grid?


U.S Investments

What is Smart Grid?

How to implement?

Conclusion


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August 14, 2003, Blackout

NOAA, DOE

1 Canadian Province affected

8 U.S. states affected

12 airports partially or completely closed

259 power plants shut down

700 flights cancelled nationwide

9,266 square miles affected

61,800 MW of power lost

1.5 million Cleveland residents withoutwater

50 million people affected

$4.5-12 billion in lost economic activity


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Conservative Estimate of Total Economic Losses isat least $ 120 Billion/year (2001)

EPRI, 2001

$ 150 Billion/year(2009) - DOE


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A survey of economic losses in key industries sponsored bythe Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) showed that the

aggregate economic loss from power disturbances of alltypes represents more than 1 percent of U.S. GDP (EPRI,2001).

These costs are parasitic in nature and are largely unnoticed,but roughly $400 per person in economic loss from powerdisturbances is being passed along to consumers every yearin the form of higher prices for goods and services. (EPRI2001)

Power outages that cost American consumers $150 billion ayear -- about $500 for every man, woman and child in theUnited States. (DOE, 2009)

$500/year from my, my familys & friends pocket each

EPRI, 2001


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Climate Change

IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)


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Climate Change



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Climate Change


Summary of the principal componentsof the radioactive forcing of climatechange.

All these radioactive forcings result

from one or more factors that affectclimate and are associated with humanactivities or natural processes asdiscussed in the text. The valuesrepresent the forcings in 2005 relativeto the start of the industrial era (about1750). Human activities cause

significant changes in long-lived gases,ozone, water vapour, surface albedo,aerosols and contrails. The onlyincrease in natural forcing of anysignificance between 1750 and 2005occurred in solar irradiance. Positiveforcings lead to warming of climate andnegative forcings lead to a cooling. Thethin black line attached to eachcoloured bar represents the range ofuncertainty for the respective value.


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Climate Change Unequivocal Warning MessageClimate change, in the absence of mitigation policies would in all likelihoodlead to:

1. Possible disappearance of sea ice by the latter part of the 21st century

2. Increase in frequency of hot extremes, heat waves and heavy precipitation

3. Increase in tropical cyclone intensity

4. Decrease in water resources due to climate change in many semi-arid areas,such as the Mediterranean Basin, western United States, southern Africa and

north-eastern Brazil.5. Possible elimination of the Greenland ice sheet and a resulting contribution

to sea level rise of about 7 metres. Without mitigation future temperatures inGreenland would compare with levels estimated for 125,000 years ago whenpalaeoclimate information suggests 4 to 6 m of sea level rise.

6. Approximately 20 to 30% of species assessed so far are likely to be atincreased risk of extinction if increases in global average warming exceed 1.5to 2.5 degrees C.


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Who or/and What trigged Smart Grid?Blackouts

Climate change

Looming Energy Crisis

Technology Changes

Market demands


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Table of Content


Why Smart Grid?


U.S Investments

What is Smart Grid?

How to implement?

Conclusion


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October 27, 2009

President Obama Announces $3.4 Billion Investment to SpurTransition to Smart Energy Grid Applicants say investmentswill create tens of thousands of jobs, save energy andempower consumers to cut their electric bills.

The $3.4 billion in grant awards are part of the AmericanReinvestment and Recovery Act, and will be matched byindustry funding for a total public-private investment worthover $8 billion.

Empowering Consumers to Save Energy and Cut Utility Bills -- $1 billion.

Making Electricity Distribution and Transmission More Efficient -- $400 million.

Integrating and Crosscutting Across Different Smart Components of a SmartGrid -- $2 billion.

Building a Smart Grid Manufacturing Industry -- $25 million.

U.S Investments to Smart Grid (1)

DOE


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Empowering Consumers to Save Energy and Cut Utility Bills -- $1 billion.

These investments will create the infrastructure and expand access to

smart meters and customer systems so that consumers will be able toaccess dynamic pricing information and have the ability to savemoney by programming smart appliances and equipment to run whenrates are lowest.This will help reduce energy bills for everyone by helping drive downpeak demand and limiting the need for stand-by power plantsthe most expensive power generation there is.


DOE, Oct 2009


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Making Electricity Distribution and Transmission MoreEfficient -- $400 million.

The Administration is funding several grid modernization projects across

the country that will significantly reduce the amount of power that is wastedfrom the time it is produced at a power plant to the time it gets to yourhouse.By deploying digital monitoring devices and increasing gridautomation, these awards will increase the efficiency, reliability andsecurity of the system, and will help link up renewable energyresources with the electric grid.This will make it easier for a wind farm in Montana to instantaneously pickup the slack when the wind stops blowing in Missouri or a cloud rolls over asolar array in Arizona.


DOE, Oct 2009


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Integrating and Crosscutting Across Different SmartComponents of a Smart Grid -- $2 billion.

Much like electronic banking, the Smart Grid is not the sum total of its

components but how those components work together.The Administration is funding a range of projects that will incorporate thesevarious components into one system or cut across various project areas including smart meters, smart thermostats and appliances,syncrophasors, automated substations, plug in hybrid electricvehicles, renewable energy sources, etc.

Building a Smart Grid Manufacturing Industry -- $25 million.These investments will help expand our manufacturing base ofcompanies that can produce the smart meters, smart appliances,synchrophasors, smart transformers, and other components for smart grid

systems in the United States and around the world representing asignificant and growing export opportunity for our country and new jobs forAmerican workers..


DOE, Oct 2009


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Create tens of thousands of jobs across the country. These jobs include highpaying career opportunities for smart meter manufacturing workers;engineering technicians, electricians and equipment installers; IT systemdesigners and cyber security specialists; data entry clerks and database

administrators; business and power system analysts; and others.Leverage more than $4.7 billion in private investment to match the federalinvestment.

Make the grid more reliable, reducing power outages that cost American

consumers $150 billion a year -- about $500 for every man, woman andchild in the United States.

Install more than 850 sensors - called Phasor Measurement Units - that willcover 100 percent of the U.S. electric grid and make it possible for gridoperators to better monitor grid conditions and prevent minor

disturbances in the electrical system from cascading into local or regionalpower outages or blackouts. This monitoring ability will also help the grid toincorporate large blocks of intermittent renewable energy, like wind andsolar power, to take advantage of clean energy resources when they areavailable and make adjustments when theyre not.

U.S Investments to Smart Grid Effects (1)

DOE, Oct 2009


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Install more than 200,000 smart transformers that will make it possible forpower companies to replace units before they fail thus saving money andreducing power outages.

Install almost 700 automated substations, representing about 5 percent of thenations total that will make it possible for power companies to respond fasterand more effectively to restore service when bad weather knocks downpower lines or causes electricity disruptions.

Power companies today typically do not know there has been a power outage

until a customer calls to report it. With these smart grid devices, powercompanies will have the tools they need for better outage prevention andfaster response to make repairs when outages do occur.

Empower consumers to cut their electricity bills. The Recovery Actcombined with private investment will put us on pace to deploy more than 40

million smart meters in American homes and businesses over the next fewyears that will help consumers cut their utility bills.

U.S Investments to Smart Grid - Effects (2)

DOE, Oct 2009


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Install more than 1 million in-home displays, 170,000 smart thermostats,and 175,000 other load control devices to enable consumers to reducetheir energy use. Funding will also help expand the market for smartwashers, dryers, and dishwashers, so that American consumers can further

control their energy use and lower their electricity bills.Put us on a path to get 20 percent or more of our energy from renewablesources by 2020.

Reduce peak electricity demand by more than 1400 MW, which is the

equivalent of several larger power plants and can save ratepayers more than$1.5 billion in capital costs and help lower utility bills. Since peak electricityis the most expensive energy and requires the use of standby powergeneration plants the economic and environmental savings for even a smallreduction are significant. In fact, some of the power plants for meeting peakdemand operate for only a few hundred hours a year, which means the

power they generate can be 5-10 times more expensive than the averageprice per kilowatt hour paid by most consumers.

U.S Investments to Smart Grid - Effects (3)

DOE, Oct 2009


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Renewable Energy - $23 billion and leverage over $43 billionin additional investment

Vehicles and Fuels of the Future - $16 billion

Grid Modernization - $4 billion

Energy Efficiency - the largest single investment in homeenergy efficiency in U.S history.

Carbon Capture - $10 billion and additional $4 billion inprivate funds

Nuclear Power

Science and Innovation - for the foundation for the cleanenergy economy - In 2010, $12.6 billion

U.S Investments to Transformation to A Clean Energy Economy

White House, Dec 2009


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Table of Content


Why Smart Grid?


U.S Investments

What is Smart Grid?

How to implement?

Conclusion


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Scope of Smart Grid Concerns

DOE, 2009


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Smart Grid

DOE


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What is the Digital Society?

The Digital Society rev.2 3.19.01


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SECT : SECTIONALIZER

RECL : RECLOSER

WAN

GENCOS IPPS DISCOS

INTRANETWAN

NCC

SA SA SA SA

INTRANETWAN

RCC RCC

MOSNext

GenerationEMS

DAUIED

MAJORCUSTOMERS

SERVER & FW

TELCOS

Power DeliveryAutomation - SystemArchitecture

R & D

ENG

ENG Center(Non-Operat

Data)

ENG Center- True WAPS

/ DSM

HAN

Smart Meter& Appliance

/ DSM

DMS/DSM

RECLSECT XFMR

PFM/AM CGIS

DER / PHEV

OMS IAAD

DER

WAPS IED

ENG

AMI

AMI

ERP

DecisionMaking

SysSecurityCenter

OMS

OMS

PFM/AM

CGIS


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EPRI Introduction of intelliGrid, 2004

ObjectivesVision of the Power System of the Future


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Characteristics or Performance Features of a SmartGrid

Self-healing from power disturbance events

Enabling active participation by consumers in demandresponse

Operating resiliently against physical and cyber attack

Providing power quality for 21st century needs

Accommodating all generation and storage options

Enabling new products, services, and marketsOptimizing assets and operating efficiently

DOE


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Table of Content


Why Smart Grid?


U.S Investments

What is Smart Grid?

How to implement?

Conclusion


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Generation Costs

0 200 400 600 800

Solar

Wind

LNG

Hydro

Coal

Nuclear

USD/1MWh

KNEF, 2009

32

47

71

87

91

604


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Nuclear Power Generation Units

0 500 1000 1500

1980

2009

2030

2050

Units

1400 Units

730

439

247

IAEA


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CO2 Emissions from Electricity Production

IAEA, 2000


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Investigations

Roadmap

Actions to be taken right now

Short term

Medium term

Long tem

R&D

Pilot projects

Consensus

Partnership

Education Saving energy and recycling

ROI based & Bring Value to End user

How to implement?


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Focus on preventing Blackout

Digital Substation (IEC 61850)

True Wide Area Protection

Engineering Center

Actions to be taken right now !


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Re-evaluate your reliability criteria

Periodically update your safeguard systems

Audit and update your existing protection schemes

Support your operators for success

Periodically update your Black Start Plan

Periodically update your Disaster Recovery and BusinessContinuity Plan

Consider centralized control and improve communicationsPeriodically update your public outreach program

Protect your system from terrorism

Support new technology development

Preventing the Blackout: Top 10Below are the Top 10 actions utilities can take now:


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Step One: Analysis & Audits

Step Two: Preventive and Corrective Actions :

Improve monitoring, diagnostics, and control center performance(e.g. availability of critical functions needs to increase to 99.99%);Secure real-time operating limits on daily basis (e.g. dynamic lineratings);Implement Special Protection Schemes and Adaptive Protection;

Perform protection coordination studies on a regular basis assystem conditions change;Test not only individual relays but system protection applications;Perform dynamic voltage and transient stability studies on a regular

basis as system conditions change;Condition assessment of aging infrastructure and improvedmaintenance;Operator training, including a coordinated approach among controlareas

How to Prevent Blackouts

Damir Novosel, KEMA


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Step Three: Public Policy, Transmission and FutureInvestments :

Long-term investments, Significant investment, The retirement and

replacement, High-voltage power electronicsMuch needed improvements in public policyMicroprocessor-based coordinated protection, monitoring andcontrol systems are the key to innovations in preventing cascadingdisturbances.The implementation of an advanced wide-area protection systemfirst requires a significant improvement of the existing decentralizedsystems.Advanced algorithms to make local decisions based on local

measurements and/or selected remote information.The key to a successful solution is fast detection, fast and powerfulcontrol devices, communication system, and smart algorithms, inother words "True Wide Area Protection and Control System".

How to Prevent Blackouts

Damir Novosel, KEMA

Hidden Failures in Protection Systems


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Many Hard Wiring/Raceway

SWYD

SWGR Trip/Close

Coil

Conventional

CT / VT's

SWGR Aux

Contact

Sensor /

Switch

Aux RlyAux Rly

Aux Rly

Aux Rly

Ann MeterSwitch Lamp

MeterTimer Switch

Lamp

Prot Rly

Cont Room

Relay RoomMux

RemoteEnd

XDCR Aux CT

F/R

RTU I/O

Aux Rly

RTU AI

RTU

RCC

Legacy System



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Many Hard Wiring/Raceway

SWYD

SWGR Trip/Close

Coil

Conventional

CT / VT's

SWGR Aux

Contact

Sensor /

Switch

Aux RlyAux Rly

Aux Rly

Aux Rly

Ann MeterSwitch Lamp

MeterTimer Switch

Lamp

Prot Rly

Cont Room

Relay RoomMux

RemoteEnd

XDCR Aux CT

F/R

RTU I/O

Aux Rly

RTU AI

RTU

RCC

IED

Legacy System to IEC 61850



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IED

SWGR Trip/Close

Coil

Conventional

CT / VT's

SWGR Aux

Contact

Sensor /

Switch

Operator Station

/ Eng WS

CommunicationNetwork

INTRANETLAN/WAN

ERP

IEC 61850



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IED

SWGR Trip/Close

Coil ECVT

SWGR Aux

Contact

Sensor /

Switch

Operator Station

/ Eng WS

CommunicationNetwork

INTRANETLAN/WAN

ERP

Digital Substation (IEC 61850-9-2)

Intelligent CB IED MU

Only FiberOptic Cables

NoControlRoom


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100Mbps LAN Respon se t im e : 3-4 msRelay 1 Respon se t im e : 2 msRelay 2 Respon se t im e : 2 ms

8 ms

IED1

52

Trip Output

500 mS

UCA2 LAN ControlSolid State Output

Breaker

Hardwire ControlRelay Output

Legacy DeviceCommunication

8 mS

Technology

Trip Message

Process Bus or/and Station LAN IEC-61850/Ethernet

IED2 IED3

12 ~ 20 mS

BlockingMessage

< 8ms, Event-to-Output

Peer to Peer


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DAU- IntelligentSensor

Not Only Electrical Sensor,

+ Physical / Chemical / Bio Sensor Too

Voting Logic Schematic



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HMI Engineering

100 MBit/s Fiber Switch

Router

Station Bus

RCC

ModernCT / VTs

ModernSWGR

DAUDAU

ModernCT / VTs

ModernSWGR

DAUDAU

IntelligentSensor

DAU

IED IED IED IEDRedundant

G Bit/s FiberSwitchProcess Bus

61850-9-2

System architecture IEC 61850-9-2


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Eastern Road Substation (Full Digital with IEEE 1588)


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CLP withIEEE 1588


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Why did IEC 61850 come out?

So many Protocols

Can not talk Each Other

Interpretation via Gateway - $ $ $ & t t tSo many components, hardwires, raceways and bigSpace. Very complicate, Not Reliable

High Total Cost of OwnershipLegacy protocols base on Technology based on 1980s

Needs Dictionaries all the times because of Proprietary

tag formats & Arcane addressingLimited Information Gathering

Digital Technology into Power System


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SimpleSo many components, copper hardwires,raceways, complex

System

InformationManagement

Data Acquisition (Limited)Shift

Client / Server,Peer to Peer

Self Description, Intuitive,Drag and Drop, SCL

Defines standardizedInformation Models

User Oriented,

Object Oriented

IEC 61850

Master / SlaveCommunication

Manually entered, Manually verified, App tied

to tag or free form alias, Any tag conventionsare proprietary.

Mapping

Proprietary tag formats, Arcane addressing,Needs dictionary all the times.

Format

Designed to optimize bandwidth andhardware utilization (uP speeds, RAM and

ROM space base on technology in 1980th.

Design

TraditionalItem

Traditional vs. IEC 61850

AEP/GE C S d C C i


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AEP/GE - Case Study Cost Comparison

By calculating the total labor costs for both the copper-basedimplementation and the Process Bus architecture, the following labor costscan be derived:

NOTES: This cost study being based on retrofit installation reflects theworst-case scenario for the proposed IEC 61850-9-2 process bus system,as field cabling for copper signaling already exists. For new installationswhere new copper cables must be run and terminated, the material andlabor savings of the proposed process bus architecture are much greater.

AEP/GE - Cost Break Down


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Traditional Hard-wired Solution Process Bus System

NOTES: Even greater cost savings and resource optimization can berealized in greenfield installations where both the merging units andpackaged control buildings are pre-installed and tested by the respectivevendor(s) prior to shipment to site. In this case, the major on-site laborcost becomes the laying and plugging in the outdoor fiber cables betweenthe control building and the switchyard.

A li ti f IEC 61850 O t id S b t ti


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Extensions of IEC 61850-90-2 with regard to control centers (IEC TC 57AHWG07)

The Harmonization of the information model in IEC 61850 with the CIM model defined

in IEC 61970 (Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API))

The use of IEC 61850 for information exchange between substations and controlcenters

Extensions of IEC 61850 for Line Protection (New work item proposal in

progress)

Extensions of IEC 61850 for Wind Power Plants (Published in the series IEC61400-25-x of IEC TC 88 PT 25)

Extensions of IEC 61850-7-420 for Distributed Energy Resources (DER) (IECTC 57 WG 17)

Extensions of IEC 61850-7-410 for Hydroelectric Power Plants (IEC TC 57 WG18)

Applications of IEC 61850 Outside Substations

E t i f IEC 61850


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Profile and extensions of IEC 61850 for high voltage switchgears(IEC TC 17)

Information models for advanced metering networks and demandResponse (Open AMI)

IEC 61850 extensions for Power Quality Monitoring

IEC 61850 common extensions for Statistical and Historical Statistical

information

IEC 61850 extensions for Condition Monitoring & Diagnostics (New workitem proposal in progress)

Extension of IEC 61850


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IEC61850IEC61850--77--410410Hydroelectric Power PlantsHydroelectric Power Plants

IEC61850IEC61850--77--420420 DistributedDistributedEnergy Resources (DER)Energy Resources (DER)

SUBSTATIONS

Base IEC 61850

GENERATION

IEC 61850-7-4xx

SUBSTATION

IEC 61850-90-1

CONTROL CENTER

IEC 61850-90-2

Extension of IEC 61850


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China's total power generation

capacity reached 905.10 GW in2008

905GW2008


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China GDPGrowth

1970

2007

225 B RMB

24,662 BRMB(3,612 BUSD)

110 timesthan1970

Open-Door,Nov 1978


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Source : Real-Time SecurityMonitoring and

Control of PowerSystems 99.08U.S. Departmentof Energy


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RegulateRegulate

AutomaticallyAutomaticallyor Manuallyor Manually

Protective RelayProtective Relay

Stability ControlGenerator Rejection

Load Shedding

Out-of-step SeparationU/Voltage Loadshedding

U/Frequency Loadshedding

NormalNormalOperationOperation

FaultFault

Stable ?N

Stable ? Stable ? Blackout

Blackstart

Operation ControlOperation Control Defense Line 1Defense Line 1 Defense Line 2 Defense Line 3

Restorative Path

NN

Y Y Y

True WAPS - China

N l


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Copyright (c) by inCONTROL Tech Sdn. Bhd.75

Normal

Alert

Emergency

Normal OperationNormal Operation

Preventive ControlPreventive Control

Restorative

Extreme

Blackout

Defence Line 1Defence Line 1Fast Fault ClearanceFast Fault Clearance

Defence Line 2Defence Line 2

Stability ControlStability Control


OutOut--ofof--step Separationstep Separation

TrueWAPS -China

N l


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Normal

Alert

Emergency

Normal OperationNormal Operation

EffectiveEffective

Preventive ControlPreventive Control

Restorative

Extreme

Blackout


Fast Fault ClearanceFast Fault Clearance

Corrective ControlCorrective Control

Defence Line 2Defence Line 2Stability ControlStability Control

Defence Line 3Defence Line 3OutOut--ofof--stepstepSeparationSeparation

TrueWAPS -China

Solution of the second defense line

True WAPS 2nd Defense System, Distributed structure of one


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64kbit/2M

Fiber

64Kbit/2M

Fiber

Slave unit

Master Unit

Slave unit

Date Acquisition

Process and Execution

station

Solution of the second defense line

True WAPS 2nd Defense System


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Structure of PSCS

True WAPS 2nd Defense System, Online Analysis


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True WAPS 2nd Defense System, Online Analysis


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True WAPS 3rd Defense System


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Out-of-Step IED

Under frequency/voltage load shedding IED

Over frequency generator trippingOver voltage separation

True WAPS 3rd Defense System, Out-of-Step IED


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Take measurements to avoid the occurrence of systemcollapse and bring the system back to synchronizationagain if out-of-step is happened to the system

Measurements taken : islanding, shutting generators,shedding loads or starting other control provisions.

Quick stages and slow stages of the out-of-step protection

are provided

Capability to detect more than 100ms period of out-of-step

True WAPS 3rd Defense System, Out-of-Step IED


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MZ

NZ

R

jX

True WAPS 3rd Defense System, Frequency/Voltage control


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deviceFrequency and voltage emergency control for powersystem stability

Load-shedding and system islanding under the conditionof under-frequency or under-voltage

Accelerating Load Shedding When

Quick Decline of Frequency (|dfdt|>Restraint)Quick Decline of Voltage (|dvdt|>Restraint)

Prevent Unwanted Operation

Block Logic Based on dfdtdudt Caused by Fault,Load Feedback, VT Wire Breakage etc.

Prevent Over-Shedding

Stop Operating When df/dt>0 or du

dt>0

True WAPS 3rd Defense System, X Grid UFLS Scheme


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Stage 1 49.1Hz 0.2S, 5.0%

Stage 2 48.9Hz 0.2S, 6.0%

Stage 3 48.7Hz 0.2S, 7.0%

Stage 4 48.5Hz 0.2S, 8.0%

Stage 5 48.3Hz 0.2S, 9.0%

Special Stage 1 49.1Hz 10S, 3.32%

Special Stage 2 49.1Hz 15S, 3.32%Total 41.64%

Operational vs Non-Operational Data


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Operational Data tells what is happening.

Non-Operational Data - can explain

why things are happening.

Need Engineering Center covering all Non-operationaldata including True Wide Area Protection

Seamless Information Exchanges,

E i i C


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+ Engineering Center

InformationEx. Pool

SystemPlanning

AM, PFM, RiskM(Maint, Diago,

GIS, Doc Mgmt

Fault Cal. RelaySetting Cal. &Coordination

TransientAnalysis

EMS, SAS,Contingency

Analysis

PQ, FaultAnalysis,

IAAS, OMS

Eng Automation

SCL

ACTS (AutoTesting)

ERP, CustomerService

SSD ICD

CID

SCD

Eng Center,WAPS

Table of Content


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Why Smart Grid?


U.S Investments

What is Smart Grid?How to implement?

Conclusion

Hot issues in 21st Century


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Energy

FoodWater

Environment (Climate Change)

If we find eco-substantial energy resources anddelivery solutions then can easily solve the issuesof food, water and environment.

Conclusion


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IED is Engine of Smart Grid,

Smart Grid is;

Way to go Smart Digital Society

Way to Save Smart Earth

Who will pay for it?


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If we deliver Value to customers thenthey will pay for it.

Protection Engineer to be Multi Majors get great

opportunities in Digital Society in the near future!


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opportunities in Digital Society in the near future!

Power

SystemProtection

Power SystemAnalysis

SignalProcessing

ArtificialIntelligence

AnalogElectronics

SoftwareDevelopment

DigitalElectronics

DER &Renewable

Energy

Diagnostics

PC & uPTechnology

Communication

Thanks!


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Thanks! .

smart grid, smart digital sociaty, to save smart earth_min yoon ver 1

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