smart inverter and der provision of grid services · 25.09.2015 · solarcity confidential slide 4...

Smart Inverter and DER Provision of Grid Services

Power forever.

Ryan Hanley Senior Director, Grid Engineering Solutions

September 25th, 2015

Smart Inverter Working Group Phase 3 Workshop

SolarCity Confidential Slide 2 2

§ By modernizing distribution planning, distributed energy resources (DER) can be leveraged to meet grid needs ‒ Integrated Distribution Planning is a holistic approach to

meeting grid needs and expanding customer choice by unlocking the benefits of distributed energy resources

§ Smart Inverters and DERs can be utilized today to provide grid services ‒ Capacity

‒ Power Quality

‒ Reactive Power

‒ Reliability

Executive Summary


Designing the 21st Century Grid


Modernize distribution planning to leverage DERs

A holistic approach to meeting grid needs and expanding customer choice by unlocking the benefits of distributed energy resources

Integrated Distribution Planning


Utility Actions DER or PCC Autonomous Modes

Static Monitoring Controlling Real Power PF Freq. Support Voltage Support Resilience

SIWG Economic and Technical Use Cases for Smart DER

Functions, Categorized by the DRP's More-Than-Smart "Mutually Exclusive and Collectively Exhaustive

(MECE)" List

Acc

ess:

DE

R a

nd

/or

PC

C n

amep

late

d

ata

Acc

ess:

DE

R/P

CC

cap

abili

ties

an

d

sup

po

rted

mo

des

Mo

nit

or:

DE

R a

nd

/or

PC

C o

per

atio

nal

ch

arac

teri

stic

s

Mo

nit

or:

Sh

ort

ter

m f

ore

cast

of

DE

R/

PC

C e

ner

gy

Mo

nit

or:

Per

mit

ted

/ava

ilab

le D

ER

/PC

C

mo

des

Mo

nit

or:

DE

R a

nd

/or

PC

C s

tatu

s &

m

easu

rem

ents

Co

ntr

ol:

Sta

rt/s

top

DE

R

Co

ntr

ol:

En

able

/dis

able

mo

des

of

DE

R/P

CC

Co

ntr

ol:

Set

mo

de

par

amet

ers

and

cu

rves

fo

r D

ER

/PC

C

Co

ntr

ol:

Sch

edu

le r

eal p

ow

er a

nd

m

od

es o

f D

ER

/PC

C

Co

ntr

ol:

Issu

e A

GC

Reg

Up

an

d D

ow

n

Mo

de:

Lim

it m

axim

um

DE

R r

eal p

ow

er

ou

tpu

t

Mo

de:

Lim

it m

axim

um

ES

S c

har

gin

g

rate

Mo

de:

Set

rea

l po

wer

ou

tpu

t o

f D

ER

o

r at

PC

C

Mo

de:

Set

rea

l po

wer

(d

is)c

har

gin

g

rate

of

ES

S o

r at

PC

C

Mo

de:

Lo

ad /

gen

erat

ion

fo

llow

ing

by

DE

R o

r E

SS

Mo

de:

Sm

oo

thin

g o

f re

al p

ow

er

spik

es a

nd

sag

s

Mo

de:

So

ft-S

tart

Rec

on

nec

tio

n

Mo

de:

Fix

ed p

ow

er f

acto

r

Mo

de:

Po

wer

fac

tor

corr

ecti

on

Mo

de:

Hig

h/lo

w f

req

uen

cy r

ide-

thro

ug

h o

r tr

ip

Mo

de:

AG

C (

uti

lity

sen

ds

Reg

up

an

d

do

wn

co

mm

and

s)

Mo

de:

Fre

qu

ency

sm

oo

thin

g (

rap

id

freq

uen

cy d

evia

tio

ns)

Mo

de:

Fre

qu

ency

-wat

t (E

mer

gen

cy)

Mo

de:

Hig

h/lo

w v

olt

age

rid

e-th

rou

gh

o

r tr

ip

Mo

de:

Vo

lt-v

ar c

on

tro

l

Mo

de:

Vo

lt-w

att

con

tro

l (au

ton

om

ou

s)

Mo

de:

Fas

t va

r su

pp

ort

Mo

de:

Dyn

amic

rea

ctiv

e cu

rren

t su

pp

ort

Mo

de:

Bac

kup

po

wer

Mo

de:

Pro

vid

e b

lack

sta

rt

Mo

de:

Co

nve

rt in

to m

icro

gri

d

ISO/RTO Balancing Authority & Market Fixed

Resource Adequacy (Capacity, Generation, Bl. Start) x x x x x x

Resource Adequacy (Flexibility, Ramping, Market) x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

Variable Energy (shifting in time) x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

Frequency regulation x x x x x x x x x x x x

Frequency smoothing x x x x x x x x x

Spinning reserve x x x x x x x x x x x x

Non-spinning reserve x x x x x x x x x x x x x

Transmission Operations Fixed

Upgrade deferral due to congestion mitigation x x x

Variable Transmission voltage support x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

Transmission congestion relief x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

Efficiency (loss reduction) x x x x x x x x x x

Reliability (redundancy, inertia) x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

Distribution Operations Fixed

Upgrade deferral due to load levels & patterns x x x x x x x x x x x x

Variable Provide distribution voltage support x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

Maintain CVR x x x x x x x x x x x x x

Reduce number/duration of outages x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

Improve power quality (spikes, harmonics) x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

Improve efficiency x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

Avoid equipment overload, loss of life x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

Improve equipment life x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

Support safety x x x x x x x x x x x x

Customer/End User Fixed

Procurement risk mitigation Variable

Support customer choice x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

Reduce energy costs x x x x x x x x x x x x x

Improve power quality (spikes, harmonics) x x x x x x x x

Avoid equipment damage x x x x x x x x

Support safety x x x x x x x x x

Improve reliability (microgrids, backup power) x x x x x x x

Price & performance risk mitigation x x x x x

Societal Variable

Reduce CO2 emissions x

Reduce pollutants x

Improve energy security x

Improve water usage Improve land usage Improve economy

There are many advanced inverter use cases to meet grid needs. Unlock

through SIWG standards and Integrated Distribution Planning.


Planning Sourcing

Identify Needs

Evaluate Options

Deploy Resources

Use Cases: Modernize distribution planning and sourcing to leverage DERs

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

MW

Year

Hosting Capacity

DER Forecast


Capacity

Identify Needs Evaluate Options Deploy Portfolios

Transformer

Replace with a new 30 MVA transformer.

DER Portfolio

Targeted, controllable DER Aggregation

Battery

Site a battery at

substation.

A 10 MVA substation transformer is projected to be

overloaded in 3 years

Examine traditional infrastructure and

non-wires alternatives

1


Capacity


Utilize least cost / best fit option

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

Capa

city (k

w)

A 10 MVA substation transformer is projected to be

overloaded in 3 years



1


Additional Advanced Inverter Dynamic Control Features 190 inverters and 1.8MW PV

Configurable Threshold

1


Power Quality


Shunt Capacitor

Advanced Inverters

Conventional shunt capacitor can provide 1200

kVARs.

Aggregated portfolio of inverters can

dynamically provide kVARs.

1200 kVAR in feeder voltage

support needed



2


700 PV systems at 0.85 PF supply 1200 kVARs

Power Quality



1200 kVAR in feeder voltage

support needed



2


Additional Advanced Inverter Power Quality Features 275 inverters and 5 MW PV

Feeder Voltage Profile

2


Reactive Power


SONGS retirement necessitated new

reactive power support

3


Reactive Power


Synchronous Condenser

Advanced Inverters

Synchronous condenser capable

of dynamically providing up to 250

MVAR

70,000 advanced inverters can

provide required VARs





3


Reactive Power


Project Capacity In-Service Date Project Cost

Huntington Beach Synchronous Condensers 280 MVAR 6/1/2013 $4.75M

Johanna and Santiago 220 kV Capacitor Banks 160 MVAR 7/1/2013 $1.1-10M

$10-50M

Viejo 220 kV Capacitor Banks 160 MVAR 7/1/2013 $1.1-10M

$10M $10-50M

Talega Area Dynamic Reactive Support 250 MVAR 6/1/2015 $58-72M South Orange County Dynamic Reactive Support 400 MVAR 12/1/2017 $50-75M

Penasquitos 230 kV Synchronous Condenser 240 MVAR 5/1/2017 $56-70M

TOTAL $171-322M






3


Reliability


An isolated feeder with high SAIDI/

CAIDI

Underground Lines

Automated Restoration

Feeder is converted from overhead to underground to

decrease frequency of outages.

Customer Backup

Automation isolates the fault while automatically

restoring customers.

Home and/or community batteries

with advanced inverter provide backup power.

Microgrid

Local microgrid provides backup power to entire

circuit / line segment.



4


Reliability


Image Sources: SDG&E



An isolated feeder with high SAIDI/

CAIDI


4


§  Upgrade Deferral ‒  Equipment Utilization/Load Factor

‒ Hosting Capacity

‒  Power Quality – Capacitors, regulators, and reconductoring.

‒ Reliability – Implement microgrids or self-powered homes in lieu of traditional reliability program expenses

‒  AMI – Utilize DER AMI in lieu of investing in SmartMeters.

§  Improve Reliability ‒  Emergency Capacity Deferral

‒  Virtual Load Transfer

§  Improve Situational Awareness ‒ Remotely identify, investigate, and solve power quality problems

‒ Replace AMI ‒  Virtual Line Sensors

‒  Improved Modeling Accuracy

‒ Distribution State Estimation

Potential Additions


Ryan Hanley Senior Director, Grid Engineering Solutions SolarCity

[email protected] solarcity.com/gridx

Thank You

smart inverter and der provision of grid services · 25.09.2015 · solarcity confidential slide 4...

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