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UPSC – GS (Prelims and Mains) ONLINE TEST AVAILABLE. More: www.smartleadersias.com Ph: 044-43525468, 9176 787980, 7200010122.

Date:19/06/2016 G.S. TEST BATCH (Sunday Evening Batch)

TEST – 20 KEY AND EXPLANATION (Full Test – 1)

1. (d) Explanation - The National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) has been constituted under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 to provide free Legal Services to the weaker sections of the society and to organize Lok Adalats for amicable settlement of disputes. In every State, State Legal Services Authority has been constituted to give effect to the policies and directions of the NALSA and to give free legal services to the people and conduct Lok Adalats in the State. The State Legal Services Authority is headed by Hon’ble the Chief Justice of the respective High Court who is the Patron-in-Chief of the State Legal Services Authority In every District, District Legal Services

Authority has been constituted to

implement Legal Services Programmes in

the District. The District Legal Services

Authority is situated in the District Courts

Complex in every District and chaired by the

District Judge of the respective district.

2. (b)

Exp: The group 1 elements in the periodic table are known as the alkali metals. They include lithium, sodium and potassium, which all react vigorously with air and water.Group 1 elements react vigorously with water to produce an alkaline metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas. The reactivity of the alkali metals increases down the group. Lithium is the least reactive and potassium is the most reactive of the three. The hydrogen ignites immediately during the reaction between potassium and water with the potassium producing a lilac coloured flame.

3. (c)

Explanation:

Zonal councils are statutory body formed under state re organisation act of 1965. NITI Aayog is an executive body formed by an executive order. Forming co operative society is a fundamental right under article 19(1)(c) of the constitution. 97th constitutional amendment provided for part IX B related to co operative society.

4. (c)

Traditionally, a fallow period is used after a period of crop production to give the land some “rest” and to regenerate its original state of productivity. Usually, this is necessary in production systems that have drawn down the nutrient supply and altered the soil biota significantly, such as in slash-and-burn systems or conventional tillage systems. The use of manure improves soiltexture as well as its water retainingcapacity. It replenishes the soil withall the nutrients. Another method of replenishingthe soil with nutrients is through croprotation. This can be done by growingdifferent crops alternately. Earlier,farmers in northern India used togrow legumes as fodder in one seasonand wheat in the next season. Thishelped in the replenishment of the soilwith nitrogen.

5. (b)

Explanation: It is only a convention that Governor of State should not belong to his home state to maintain neutrality. The governor of a state has a term but he cannot be removed arbitrarily as his removal before his term is subjected to court of law. Chief ministers and council of ministers are appointed by President only. The State Election Commissions constituted under the Constitution (Seventy-third and Seventy-fourth) Amendments Act, 1992 for each State / Union Territory are vested with

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the powers of conduct of elections to the Corporations, Muncipalities, Zilla Parishads, District Panchayats, Panchayat Samitis, Gram Panchayats and other local bodies. They are independent of the Election Commission of India.

6. (a)

7. (c)

Explanation: Features of federal government are Dual

government, Division of powers between two governments, Supremacy of the constitution, written constitution, rigid constitution, independent judiciary and bicameral system.

8. (a)

Detection of fish, and other marine and aquatic life, and estimation their individual sizes or total biomass using active sonar techniques. As the sound pulse travels through water it encounters objects that are of different density or acoustic characteristics than the surrounding medium, such as fish, that reflect sound back toward the sound source. These echoes provide information on fish size, location, abundance and behavior. Ultrasounds are sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing. For medical examination of unborn babies or tumor examination without radiation exposure, ultrasound can be used. For examining fractured bones, X-ray photography will be used. There can be confusion between the ultrasound and SONAR. They are in principle works on the same principle of reflection of sound waves and its measurement to analyse the reflecting surface. When used medically, it is termed as ultrasound and when used for non-medical purposes, they are termed as sonogram.

9. (d) Explanation: From january 2015 all PIO card holders will be deemed to become overseas citizen of India.

OCI is a multiple entry multi point lifelong visa for visiting India. No political rights and no voting rights are given for OCI They are eligible to participate in international sporting events but they cannot claim it as a right to participate.

10. (d)

Biological control is the natural use of predators of mosquitoes to control their population. The larval stage of mosquitoes are particularly vulnerable and predatory fishes such as Gambusia, killfish, Tilapia can be used which preys upon the mosquito larva. Despite their benefits, these fishes are also invasive in nature and may affect the natural balance in the ecosystem. Hence, this method has it limited benefits. The spores of bacterial, Bacillus thuringiensis is known to be toxic to the larvae of mosquito as it interferes with its digestive functions. But its vulnerability in only in the larval stage and if the mosquito becomes an adult, the spores are ineffective. There are other methods developed for the purpose such as introducing sterile male mosquitoes that can effective bring the mosquito population down but this method is only a temporary method as it needs constant supply of sterile males into the system. Using genetic engineering, Scientists have genetically modified Anopheles gambiae mosquito species so that they carry a modified gene disrupting egg production in female mosquitoes. For this they had used a technology called gene drive which uses the technique of recessive genes, so that many mosquitoes will inherit only one copy of the gene.

11. (d)

Explanation: Union list Entry 24 - Shipping and navigation on inland waterways, declared by Parliament by law to be national waterways, as regards mechanically propelled vessels; the rule of the road on such waterways.

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State list Entry 13 - Communications, that is to say, roads, bridges, ferries, and other means of communication not specified in List I; municipal trams ways; ropeways; inland waterways and traffic thereon subject to the provisions of List I and List III with regard to such waterways; vehicles other than mechanically propelled vehicles. Concurrent list Shipping and navigation on inland waterways as regards mechanically propelled vessels, and the rule of the road on such waterways, and the carriage of passengers and goods on inland waterways subject to the provisions of List I with respect to national waterways. Taxes on goods and passengers carried by waterways is in the state list.

12. (b)

Exp: Scientists at the Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes (CIRB) in Hisar, Haryana have successfully produced a cloned buffalo offspring named ‘Cirb Gaurav’. CIRB scientists have achieved this feat under the project entitled- Cloning for conservation and multiplication of superior buffalo germplasm. Cirb Gaurav cloned buffalo calf is distinct from the earlier clones produced in India. It has been produced from cells of ventral side of tail of superior bull buffalo. The ventral side of tail was chosen because it is least exposed to sunlight and might have less mutation rate. This part also can be a good choice to produce healthy clones by isolating donor cells.

13. (d)

Explanation: Amendment to article 153 in the year 1956 made it possible to appoint same person as governor of 2 or more states. Even a member of Parliament or member of Legislature can be appointed as governors but he/she ceases to be a member upon his/her appointment.

The governor shall refer the matter to ELection commission of India and not state election commission of India.

14. (d)

Microsoft had started a pilot project termed ‘White-Fi’ technology that uses the unused spectrum in frequencies used for broadcasting of television signals, and is likely to offer solution to tackle the problem of last mile broadband connectivity in the country.The 200-600 MHz frequency is used for TV channels to carry data. In India, 93 per cent of this spectrum is not utilised. In technology parlance, these unused spectrum spaces are called White Space, and many technology companies are looking at using this to provide free last mile internet access to users.Under the ‘Digital India’ initiative, the government plans to use the national optic fibre network project to deliver e-services to all corner of the country.While this network will be deployed at the gram panchayat level, reaching the end consumer may still require wireless technology, particularly in far flung areas.

15. (d)

Explanation: 262. (1) Parliament may by law provide for the adjudication of any dispute or complaint with respect to the use, distribution or control of the waters of, or in, any inter-State river or river valley. (2) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, Parliament may by law provide that neither the Supreme Court nor any other court shall exercise jurisdiction in respect of any such dispute or complaint as is referred to in clause (1). Inter-State water disputes act empowers Central Government to set up an ad hoc tribunal for disputes arising out of 2 or more states. SC have jurisdiction to decide any dispute between states in connection with water supplies, if legal rights are concerned.

16. (d)

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DigiLocker is a key initiative under Digital India, the Indian Government’s flagship program aimed at transforming India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. DigiLocker ties into Digital India’s visions areas of providing citizens a shareable private space on a public cloud and making all documents / certificates available on this cloud. Targeted at the idea of paperless governance, DigiLocker is a platform for issuance and verification of documents & certificates in a digital way, thus eliminating the use of physical documents. Indian citizens who sign up for a DigiLocker account get a dedicated cloud storage space that is linked to their Aadhaar (UIDAI) number. Organizations that are registered with Digital Locker can push electronic copies of documents and certificates (e.g. driving license, Voter ID, School certificates) directly into citizen’s lockers. Citizens can also upload scanned copies of their legacy documents in their accounts. These legacy documents can be electronically signed using the eSign facility.

17. (c)

Explanation: Governor is authorised to regulate the allotment of land and business of money lending. But all such regulations made by the Governor must have the assent of the President. Second statement is correct.

18. (c) Potency specifies the differentiation potential (the potential to differentiate into different cell types) of the stem cell. Totipotent stem cells can differentiate

into embryonic and extraembryonic cell types. Such cells can construct a complete, viable organism. These cells are produced from the fusion of an egg and sperm cell. Cells produced by the first few divisions of the fertilized egg are also totipotent.

Pluripotent stem cells are the descendants of totipotent cells and can differentiate into nearly all cells, i.e. cells

derived from any of the three germ layers.

Multipotent stem cells can differentiate into a number of cell types, but only those of a closely related family of cells.

Oligopotent stem cells can differentiate into only a few cell types, such as lymphoid or myeloid stem cells.

Unipotent cells can produce only one cell type, their own, but have the property of self-renewal, which distinguishes them from non-stem cells (e.g. progenitor cells, muscle stem cells).

19. (a)

Explanation: When a bill is passed by the assembly for the second time and transmitted to the legislative council, if the legislative council rejects the bill again, or porposes amendments that are not acceptable to the legislative assembly, or does not pass the bill within one month, then the bill is deemed to have been passed by both the Houses in the form in which it was passed by the legislative assembly for the second time.

20. (a)

Photo voltaic cells utilises sun light to produce electricity while solar thermal cells utilise temperature to produce electricity.

21. (c)

Explanation: Article 64 says that” The Vice-President shall be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States and shall not hold any other office of profit: Provided that during any period when the Vice President acts as President or discharges the functions of the President under article 65, he shall not perform the duties of the office of Chairman of the Council of States and shall not be entitled to any salary or allowance payable to the Chairman of the Council of States under article 97”

22. (b)

In order to utilise and harness the benefits of Cloud Computing, Government of India has embarked upon a very ambitious and

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important initiative – “GI Cloud” which has been coined as ‘Meghraj’. The focus of this initiative is to evolve a Strategy and implement various components including governance mechanism to ensure proliferation of Cloud in government. Formulation of the Cloud Policy is one of the primary steps that will facilitate large scale adoption of cloud by government.

23. (a)

Explanation:

Statement 1 - Article 127(1) If at any time there should not be a quorum of the Judges of the Supreme Court available to hold or continue any session of the Court, the Chief Justice of India may, with the previous consent of the President and after consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court concerned, request in writing the attendance at the sittings of the Court, as an ad hoc Judge, for such period as may be necessary, of a Judge of a High Court duly qualified for appointment as a Judge of the Supreme Court to be designated by the Chief Justice of India

Statement 2 - 224. (1) If by reason of any temporary increase in the business of a High Court or by reason of arrears of work therein, it appears to the President that the number of the Judges of that Court should be for the time being increased

24. (b)

Lysosomes are called suicide sacks. They are produced by the golgi body. They consist of a single membrane surrounding powerful digestive enzymes. It acts as the “garbage disposal” of the cell by breaking down cell components that are no longer needed as well as molecules or even bacteria that are ingested by the cell.

25. (d) Explanation: Local finance enquiry committee and Taxation enquiry committee are the committees for urban local bodies.

Raja Chelliah reforms committee - Is for taxation reforms.

26. (a)

Aerogels are a diverse class of porous, solid materials that exhibit an uncanny array of extreme materials properties. Most notably aerogels are known for their extreme low densities.Other properties such as transparency, color, mechanical strength, and susceptibility to water depend primarily on the composition of the aerogel. Aerogels of all sorts hold records for different properties. Here are some: Lowest density solid Lowest optical index of refraction Lowest thermal conductivity Lowest speed of sound through a

material

27. (d) Explanation: Statement 1&2 - It is a GOI scheme only. It

replaces Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana. Statement 3 - Aim is 100% rural electrification and not 24 x 7 electric supply.

28. (c)

A plasma arc operates on principles similar to an arc-welding machine, where an electrical arc is struck between two electrodes. The high-energy arc creates high temperatures ranging from 3,000 degrees to 7,000 degrees Celsius. Plasma arc melters have a very high destruction efficiency. They are very robust; they can treat any waste with minimal or no pretreatment; and they produce a stable waste form. The arc melter uses carbon electrodes to strike an arc in a bath of molten slag. The consumable carbon electrodes are continuously inserted into the chamber, eliminating the need to shut down for electrode replacement or maintenance. The high temperatures produced by the arc convert the organic waste into light organics and primary elements.The potential for air pollution is low due to the use of electrical heating in the absence of free oxygen. The

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inorganic portion of the waste is retained in a stable, leach-resistant slag. The plasma arc can be used for organic and inorganic wastes. It is being studied for mixed radioactive waste treatment, because it separates the organic from the inorganic portion of the waste. It is also being studied to reduce explosive compounds and unexploded ordnance in place of traditional technologies, such as open burning and open detonation that produced toxic emissions and hazardous ash. It has also been used to thermally reduce asbestos to a slag that can be disposed of in a municipal landfill.

29. (c)

Explanation:

Agenda for chief secretaries conference is by The Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances.

Remaining statements are true 30. (b)

As you go down below the Earth's surface, in a mine shaft for example, the force of gravity lessens. Weight and gravitational pull continue to decrease as you get closer to the centre of the Earth.Imagine you're standing on a series of balls getting smaller and smaller and smaller. With each one less gravitational force applies. If you're right in the centre, if that were possible, and you've got the Earth surrounding you, then you're being pulled equally in all directions and the net effect is that they cancel out. There's no gravitational pull and you'd be weightless.

31. (a)

Explanation: All departments are under dept. of personnel and training.

32. (a)

Mephedrone is a synthetic stimulant drug of the amphetamine and cathinone classes. Slang names include drone,M-CAT, White Magic and meow meow.

Also known as MCAT, white magic, drone or mephedrone, meow meow is the latest street drug hitting Mumbai. Meow meow wasn’t even on the list of government-banned drugs until February — one of the reasons for its prevalence. Like other drugs, even mephedrone has side effects like loss of appetite, muscle clenching and tremors, headache, anxiety, elevated blood pressure, chest pain, fast/irregular heartbeat, difficulty in urinating, changes in body temperature and blue/cold fingers.

33. (d)

Explanation: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of 189 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.

34. (c)

Oil sardines are the most common fish in the Indian coasts and dominant item in the nets of Indian fishermen. As per the data released by the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Oil sardines at 5.45 lakh tonnes and Indian mackerel at 2.37 lakh tonne were the top two fishes based on the landings in nine maritime states and two union territories.

35. (c)

Explanation: Pressure group cannot implement policies. Rest of the statements are true. Interest articulation, Funding political parties, influencing policies are works of pressure groups.

36. (d)

Explanation: Statement 1 - There is no joint sitting for State Legislature. Statement 2 - According to Article 197 (1) and (2) the statement is correct.

37. (b)

Right to Life

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Right to Life with Human Dignity Right to Reputation Right against Sexual Harassment at

Workplace Right to Livelihood Right to Shelter Right to Clean Environment Right to Education Right to be Informed Right to Social Security & Protection of

Family Right to Health & Medical Aid No Right to Die or Commit Suicide Right to Personal Liberty Right to Privacy Right to Go Abroad Right against Illegal Detention Right to Free Legal Aid & Right to Appeal Right to Speedy Trial

38. (c) Statement 1 - Retired judges can be allowed to be appointed for any office of Government.

Statement 2 - 124. (1) There shall be a Supreme Court of India consisting of a Chief Justice of India and, until Parliament by law prescribes a larger number, of not more than seven other Judges.

39. (a)

Sodium Nitrite and Sodium Benzoate are commonly used to preserve meat products. It prevents bacteria growth and helps meat to retain its color.

40. (d)

41. (a)

42. (d)

Statement 1 - A private member cannot introduce money bill.

Statement 2 and 3 - Article 109(2) - After a Money Bill has been passed by the House of the People it shall be transmitted to the Council of States for its recommendations and the Council of States shall within a period of fourteen days from the date of its

receipt of the Bill return the Bill to the House of the People with its recommendations and the House of the People may thereupon either accept or reject all or any of the recommendations of the Council of States.

Article 109 (3) - If the House of the People accepts any of the recommendations of the Council of States, the Money Bill shall be deemed to have been passed by both Houses

with the amendments recommended by the Council of States and accepted by the House of the People.

Article 109(4) - (4) If the House of the People does not accept any of the recommendations of the Council of States, the Money Bill shall be deemed to have been passed by both Houses in the form in which it was passed by the House of the People without any of the amendments recommended by the Council of States.

43. (c)

44. (c)

Explanation: Bahadur shah: right to collect sardeshmukhi only in deccan (not chauth) Zulfiquar khan: right to collect chauth and sardeshmukhi in deccan but collection by mughal officers.

45. (c) 46. (c)

Charter act 1833 1. Company Lost its monopoly of china trade 2. Removed the restrictions on European

immigration into India and acquisition of the land & property in India.

3. A centralized administration in India: - Governor General of Bengal becomes the Governor General of India with the power to control, superintend direct civil and military affairs.

4. Madras, Bombay & Calcutta were placed under the direct and complete control of the governor general.

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5. 4 members added to the Executive Council of Governor General. A law member only to vote on issues of law comes into the council.

6. A law commission was constituted to consolidate, codify and improve Indian laws.

47. (c)

Explanation: Deepawali declaration by Irwin: 1929 Passing of Purna Swaraj resolution in

INC: 26 January 1930 Passing of Fundamental Rights in

INC: 1931 Passing of Pakistan resolution by

Muslim League: 1940 Deepawali declaration: Lord Irwin through Deepawali

declaration in 1929 announced that India would be granted dominion status.

In opposition to this then Lahore Resolution from Congress was adopted

48. (a)

Explanation: Statement 2: Swami Sahajanand Saraswati formed it All India Kisan Sabha (AIKS) was formed

at the Lucknow session of the Indian National Congress in April 1936 with Saraswati elected as its first President.

49. (d) 50. (a)

51. (b)

Explanation: High temperature need not result into higher density.

52. (a) Explanation: Statement 3:Sun spots generally have 11 year cycle. Sunspots are temporary phenomena on

the photosphere of the Sun that appear visibly as dark spots compared to surrounding regions. They correspond to

concentrations of magnetic field that inhibit convection and result in reduced surface temperature compared to the surrounding photosphere. Sunspots usually appear as pairs, with each spot having the opposite magnetic polarity of the other.

Sunspot populations quickly rise and more slowly fall on an irregular cycle of 11 years, although significant variations in the number of sunspots attending the 11-year period are known over longer spans of time.

Since sunspots are darker than the surrounding photosphere it might be expected that more sunspots would lead to less solar radiation and a decreased solar constant. However, the surrounding margins of sunspots are brighter than the average, and so are hotter; overall, more sunspots increase the Sun's solar constant or brightness.

Thus sun spots do have effect on the Earth’s climate because it varies the solar radiation output thus affecting the insolation reaching on the Earth’s surface.

53. (b)

Explanation: Blizzards are dangerous winter storms that are a combination of blowing snow and wind resulting in very low visibilities.The Upper Midwest and Great Plains of the United States tends to be the region that experiences blizzards most often. Mistral is a local seasonal wind that blows in winters in the Rhone Valley. Harmattan wind blows in Saharan region. It blows from the Northeast and from East to West in the Saharan region. Chinook blows down the slope from the Rocky mountain in the U.S.A. The winds descending from the mountains get heated up adiabatically and reduce the severity of the winters in the foot hill region.

54. (d)

Exp: Methods of soil conservations: Afforestation Restrictions on felling of trees

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Contour ploughing and strip cultivations

Control of floods Construction of bunds along gullies. Application of cow dung and gypsum. Formation of wind breaks. Restriction of shifting cultivations Restoration of long fallows Reclamations of Saline and Alkaline

soil through application of Gypsum etc.

55. (a) Exp: Mangrove forests:

These forests are found along the coastal areas of India. Their main concentration is found in areas where tides are frequent.

It is utilized for fuel. Salt tolerant plant. Mangroves have buttress roots also

called as Pneumatophores. Thrives well in tropical climate. Requires rainfall of 100 to 300 cm. Temperature requirement 26 to 35

degree.

Mangrove areas in India

Name State West Coast

1 Gulf of Khambat Gujarat

2 Gulf of Kutchh Gujarat

3 Malvan Maharashtra

4 Vasasi-Manori Maharashtra

5 Vaitarna Maharashtra

6 Shrivardhan Maharashtra

7 Vikroli Maharashtra

8 Mumbra-Diva Maharashtra

9 Kundalika-Ravdana Maharashtra

10 Veldur Maharashtra

11 Devgarh-Vijay Dur Maharashtra

12 Achra-Ratnagiri Maharashtra

13 Karwar Karnataka

14 Dakshin Kannada / Honnavar

Karnataka

15 Coondapur Karnataka

16 Vembanad Kerala

East Coast 17 Sunderbans West Bengal

18 Bhitarkanika Orissa

19 Mahanadi Orissa

20 Subernarekha Orissa

21 Devi Orissa

22 Dhamra Orissa

23 Bhitarkanika Orissa

24 Chilka Orissa

25 Coringa Andhra Pradesh

26 East Godavari Andhra Pradesh

27 Krishna Andhra Pradesh

28 Pichavaram Tamil Nadu

29 Muthupet Tamil Nadu

30 Ramnad Tamil Nadu

31 Pulicat Tamil Nadu

32 Kazhuveli Tamil Nadu

33 North Andamans Andaman & Nicobar Islands

34 Nicobar Andaman & Nicobar Islands

56. (a) Explanation: Aeolian Landform: Wind erosion processes Landforms of wind erosion in deserts: Rock pedestal or mushroom rocks. Zeugen : Tabular masses which have a

layer of soft rocks lying beneath a surface layer of more resistant rocks.

Yardangs : Mesas and buttes. Inselberg : Island mountains. Landforms of wind deposion in desert: Dunes Barchans : Moonshaped dunes Seifs : Long narrow ridges of sand,

(swad) Loess: The fine dust blown beyond the

desert limits is deposited on neighbouring lands.

57. (b)

Explanation Renuka Lake: Himachal Pradesh Kolleru Lake: Andra Pradesh Sambhar Lake: Jaipur, Rajasthan In 1981, Chilika Lake was designated the first Indian wetland of international importance under the Ramsar Convention due to its rich biodiversity as shown by the facts that: Over a million migratory waterfowl and

shorebirds winter here. Over 400 vertebrate species have been

recorded.

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mangrove_areas_in_India&action=edit&redlink=1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Khambat

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarat

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Kutchh

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarat

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malvan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vasasi&action=edit&redlink=1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manori


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaitarna


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrivardhan


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikroli


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbra

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diva


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kundalika

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ravdana&action=edit&redlink=1


http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Veldur&action=edit&redlink=1


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devgarh,_Maharashtra

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijay_Dur&action=edit&redlink=1


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achra

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratnagiri


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karwar

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakshin_Kannada

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakshin_Kannada

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honnavar


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coondapur


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vembanad

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerala

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunderbans

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengal

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhitarkanika

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orissa

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahanadi_river


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarnarekha_River


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devi


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhamra


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhitarkanika


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilka


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coringa_Wildlife_Sanctuary

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Godavari


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krishna


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pichavaram

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Nadu

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muthupet


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramnad


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulicat


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazhuveli


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Andamans

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_%26_Nicobar_Islands


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicobar_Islands



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As an estuarine lagoon, it supports a unique assemblage of marine, brackish

and freshwater species. Several rare and endangered species are

found in the region. The lake supports fisheries that are the

lifeline of the community. The lake is of great value in preserving

genetic diversity.

58. (a) Explanation: 'Sunrise industries' is a colloquial term for a sector or business that is in its infancy, but is growing at a rapid pace. A sunrise industry is typically characterized by high growth rates, numerous start-ups and an abundance of venture capital funding.

59. (d)

Explanation: Some lakes are the result of the action of

glaciers and ice sheets, while others have been formed by wind, river action, and human activities.

A meandering river across a flood plain forms cut-offs that later develop into oxbow lakes. Spits and bars form lagoons in the coastal areas, eg the Chilika lake, thePulicat lake, the Kolleru lake.

Most of the fresh water lakes are in the Himalayan region. They are of glacial origin.

In other words, they formed when glaciers dug out a basin, which was later filled with snowmelt.

The Wular lake in Jammu and Kashmir, in contrast, is the result of the tectonic activity. It is the largest freshwater lake in India.

60. (a)

Explanation: Many peninsular rivers flow over hard rocky surfaces, where bed or lateral erosion is not significant, leading to lower sediment load. On the other hand, in Himalayan Rivers, course is deeper, gradient higher and course longer, which results in greater sediment

load. So, only statement 1 is correct, others are wrong.

61. (b)

Explanation: Global Competitiveness index: The Global Competitiveness Report

(GCR) is a yearly report published by the World Economic Forum.

Since 2004, the Global Competitiveness Report ranks countries based on the Global Competitiveness Index.

The Global Competitiveness Index measures the set of institutions, policies, and factors that set the sustainable current and medium-term levels of economic prosperity.

Latest Report: In a big jump, India has moved up 16 positions to rank 55th on a global index of the world's most competitive economies, where Switzerland remains on top. According to World Economic Forum Reasons for India’s Improvement: Recent Economic Recovery. Improvement in the competitiveness of

the country’s institutions and its macroeconomic environment.

Slight improvement in infrastructure said in latest Global Competitiveness Report.

Problematic Factors in India Corruption Policy Instability Inflation Access to Finance Areas where India ranks better: Investor Protection Gross National Savings Quality of Education System Venture Capital Availability Hiring and Firing practices GDP and Domestic Market Size Public trust in politicians Burden of government regulation. In terms of

Competitiveness: India is ranked 60th – up 10 positions from last year.

Infrastructure: 81st – gained 6 positions.

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Macroeconomic Environment – ranked 91st

Budget Deficit – 131/140. Electricity – 91st position (Low) Technology Readiness – 120 – gained

just one position. It is surprising for a country with so many IT champions to see getting a lower position.

WEF said its survey of top executives also finds corruption followed by political instability and inflation, as the most problematic factor to doing business in the country.

China: holding steady at 28, remains by far the most competitive among large emerging economies, although its lack of progress moving up the ranking shows the challenges it faces in transitioning its economy, the WEF said.

Globally, Switzerland has retained its top position as the world's most competitive economy for seventh year in a row and is followed by Singapore, the US, Germany and the Netherlands in the top-five. These are followed by Japan, Hong Kong, Finland, Sweden and the UK in the top-ten.

62. (b) Explanation: Transfer Pricing Transfer pricing is one of the most

important issues in international tax. Transfer pricing happens whenever two

companies that are part of the same multinational group trade with each other: when a US-based subsidiary of Coca-Cola, for example, buys something from a French-based subsidiary of Coca-Cola. When the parties establish a price for the transaction, this is transfer pricing.

Transfer pricing is not, in itself, illegal or necessarily abusive.

What is illegal or abusive is transfer mispricing, also known as transfer pricing manipulation or abusive transfer pricing.

It is estimated that about 60 percent of international trade happens within, rather than between, multinationals: that

is, across national boundaries but within the same corporate group.

Suggestions have been made that this figure may be closer to 70 percent.

Estimates vary as to how much tax revenue is lost by governments due to transfer mispricing.

Global Financial Integrity in Washington estimates the amount at several hundred billion dollars annually.

A March 2009 Christian Aid report estimated $1.1 trillion in bilateral trade mispricing into the EU and the US alone from non-EU countries from 2005 to 2007

Arm’s Length A transaction in which buyers and sellers of any products act independently and have no relationship with each other is known as Arm’s length transaction. The concept of an arm's length transaction is to ensure that both parties in the deal are acting in their own self-interest and are not subject to any pressure or duress from the other party.

63. (d)

Explanation: National Investment Fund – NIF The cabinet Committee on Economic

Affairs (CCEA) on 27th January, 2005 had approved the constitution of a National Investment Fund (NIF).

The Purpose of the fund was to receive disinvestment proceeds of central public sector enterprises and to invest the same to generate earnings without depleting the corpus.

The earnings of the Fund were to be used for selected Central social welfare Schemes.

This fund was kept outside the consolidated fund of India

The fund became operational in 2005. In 2013, CCEA in its meeting held on 17

January, 2013 and 21 February, 2013 restructured the NIF and decided to do away with the management of the disinvestment proceeds by the Fund Managers of NIF.

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It was decided by CCEA that the entire disinvestment proceeds from 01.04.2013 will be credited to the existing ‘Public Account’ under the head NIF and they would remain there until withdrawn/invested for the approved purpose.

The allocations out of the NIF will be decided in the annual Government Budget.

64. (d) Explanation: The Lok Sabha approved the Finance Bill

2016 which included an amendment to the RBI Act clipping the central bank governor’s powers to set monetary policy.

The amendment made to the RBI Act through the Finance Bill removed the governor’s powers to singularly set monetary policy vesting them in a six-member Monetary Policy Committee.

Of the six members, the government will nominate three. The RBI Governor will chair the committee and have a second or casting vote in case of a tie.

Committee members The Deputy Governor in-charge of

monetary policy and another officer to be nominated by the central bank’s board will also be members. Decisions will be taken by majority vote with each member having a vote.

65. (b)

Explanation: Reserve Bank of India Governor

Raghuram Rajan launched the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) system on Monday, as its latest offering in boosting digital money transfers.

The interface has been developed by National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), the umbrella organisation for all retail payments in the country. The UPI seeks to make money transfers easy, quick and hassle free.

Ten major banks — SBI, Canara Bank, BOI, ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, Punjab National Bank, Bank of Baroda, HSBC,

and Citi Bank — are integrating the interface with their mobile apps. “29 banks had concurred to provide UPI service to their customers.

Most electronic payments in India is facilitated through NEFT and RTGS.

In National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT), money transfers are made via electronic messages. The bank details of the sender and the beneficiary are linked using bank branch name and IFSC code. When a payment is initiated, the payer’s bank sends a ‘message’ to its NEFT service centre. All such messages are pooled every hour and the bank’s NEFT centre sends it to the RBI, which initiates the transfer. The process typically takes a little more than an hour and is available only during the bank’s working hours.

Unlike NEFT, in Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS), fund transfers handled on one-to-one basis. Large value transactions, typically over Rs. 2 lakhs, are carried out using this method. This is also done during working hours.

Immediate Payment Service (IMPS) is a more recent form of fund transfer that is gaining popularity. A user is given a 7-digit Mobile Money Identifier (MMID) Code. The sender initiates payment using mobile bank by giving the MMID code and registered mobile number of the beneficiary. Most banks offer this service free-of-cost now. It is a round-the-clock immediate payment service.

How does UPI work Imagine buying grocery from a

supermarket by paying cash. You handover the cash, the biller hands you a receipt and the purchased good. UPI is as simple as this. Instead of handing over the cash, you tell your virtual identity to the cashier. The cashier generates an invoice through UPI, you approve it using your mobile phone and the payment is made!

To initiate the payment, UPI invokes this virtual identity of the beneficiary and transfers money in real-time. It works on single-click 2-factor authentication.

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UPI will allow a customer to have multiple virtual addresses for multiple accounts in various banks. In order to ensure privacy of customer’s data, there is no account number mapper anywhere other than the customer's own bank. This allows the customer to freely share the financial address with others.

A customer can also decide to use the mobile number or Aadhaar number as the name instead of the short name for the virtual address.

UPI can potentially eliminate the need for maintaining a mobile wallet, as this ‘virtual address’ is not limited only to individuals. This is a significant step towards moving into a cashless economy.

66. (c)

Explanation: Stand up India Scheme Scheme to promote entrepreneurship

among women, scheduled castes and tribes by enabling them secure easier loans and said this could be an engine of job creation for the youth.

Dalits and poor people, if given an opportunity, can bring in various reforms in the country. That’s my vision for Stand-up India…This scheme is going to transform the lives of Dalit and tribal communities,” Mr. Modi said

Under the scheme, SC/ST and women entrepreneurs will be provided loans of between Rs.10 lakh and Rs.1 crore for setting up new enterprises.

Mr. Modi said this will help in creating 2.5 lakh entrepreneurs throughout the country as every bank branch will be required to provide two such loans – to a Dalit or SC/ST person and a woman.

The Prime Minister said the scheme, which was announced during his Independence Day speech last year, is being unveiled on April 5 to mark the birth anniversary of Congress Dalit Leader Babu Jagjivan Ram.

“Whatever one’s party or ideology may be, we want to remember those who have lived and toiled for the nation. As

agriculture minister, Babu Jagjivan Ram did a lot to usher in the green revolution.

During the 1971 war, which we won, very few people would know that he was the defence minister,” he said. Mr. Modi’s remarks and his choice of venue to unveil this scheme assumes significance in view of the upcoming assembly elections in five states where the Dalit and other backward class votes could be critical.

The prime minister said the scheme aims to empower every Indian and enable them to stand on their feet. It seeks to convert “job-seekers into job-creators.”

Mr. Modi also distributed 5,100 e-rickshaws under the scheme and 151 women were among those whoreceived the vehicles.

“E-rickshaws will be given to those who do not own rickshaws. Beneficiaries of this will be the poor,” he said.

This will also benefit the environment, he said pointing out that India spends billions on importing oil while these rickshaws will run on batteries charged using solar power. These e-rickshaws have been distributed for use in Delhi-NCR region.

67. (d)

68. (a) Explanation: Safeguard Duty Safeguard duties are temporary measures in defence of the Domestic Industry which is injured or has potential threat of injury due to sudden surge in imports. Why in News? The government has extended safeguard duty on steel imports till March 2018. The move is aimed at protecting the Indian industry from cheap China steel. The 20 per cent safeguard duty will apply to import of “hot-rolled flat products of non-alloy and other alloy steel in coils of a width of 600 mm or more” till September 13, 2016.

69. (a)

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Explanation: They always existed in the TRIPS Agreement, ever since it took effect in January 1995.

70. (b)

Explanation: MERCOSUR is a trading bloc in Latin America comprising Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay. MERCOSUR was formed in 1991 with the objective of facilitating the free movement of goods, services, capital and people among the four member countries. It is the third largest integrated market after the European Union (EU), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).

71. (b)

Exp: A small number of children each year

are born will faults in their mitrochrondrial DNA which can cause diseases. Mitochondria are small structures that sit inside our cells and provide them with energy. They have their own set of 37 genes which are separate from the 20,000 or so genes that shape who we are Mitochondrial diseases tend to strike in childhood and get steadily worse. They often prove fatal before adulthood.

The treatment, called mitochondrial transfer, is known as “three-parent” in vitro fertilization (IVF) because the babies, born from genetically modified embryos, would have DNA from a mother, a father and from a female donor.

Mitochondrial transfer involves intervening in the fertilization process to remove faulty mitochondrial DNA, which can cause inherited conditions such as heart problems, liver failure, brain disorders, blindness and muscular dystrophy.

UK is the first country to legalize. So third statement is incorrect.

72. (d) Exp: Saksham Scheme is a scheme for

encouragement of differently abled students to pursue technical education in a year. It is launched by Ministry of HRD and implemented by AICTE (All India Council for Technical Education).

In the scheme, a scholarship of Rs.30000 or at actual (whichever is less) is provided along with Rs.2000 per month for 10 months as incidental. The scholarship is for differently abled students whose family income is less than Rs.6 lac per annum. The student must be registered in the first year of degree or diploma program.

73. (c)

Exp: Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana has been

launched by the central government of India for the holistic development and welfare of tribal population of India. The scheme will be implemented in 10 states. These are Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Telangana, Orissa, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Gujarat.

100 crore has been allotted for this scheme.

The scheme proposes to bring tribal population at par with other social groups and include them in the overall progress of the nation.

74. (a)

Explanation: A scheme called ‘Sakhi’, was inaugurated to help the women, who are suffering from sexual,mental and emotional harassments(Including eve-teasing, domestic violence and rape). It is an initiative of Union Government under the ‘Nirbhaya Fund’ for women safety pertaining to strategic areas of prevention, protection and rehabilitation. The Objective of this scheme is to provide necessary help to women victims and others, who are suffering from any kind of harassment.

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75. (a) Explanation:

The full form of SAIEVAC is “South Asia Initiative to End Violence Against Children”

SAIEVAC is an intergovernmental regional body comprising of only 8 SAARC countries.

SAIEVAC is an apex body of SAARC.

76. (c) Explanation: Transparency International (TI) has published the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) since 1995, annually ranking countries "by their perceived levels of corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys." The CPI generally defines corruption as "the misuse of public power for private benefit.

77. (a)

78. (a)

79. (b)

80. (c)

81. (c)

82. (a)

Explanation: Zone V-very high risk area.

parts of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Gunarat (Bhuj)

Andaman and Nicobar North East India.

Zone IV – High risk area.

parts of Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Punjab.

Sikkim and Lakshadweep

Zone – III – Moderate risk area. West Bengal, Jharkhand parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Kerala,

Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra

Zone – II – Low risk area. Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra

Pradesh, Telangana, chhatisgarh, Odisha

Parts of Rajasthan, Maharashtra

83. (d)

84. (b) 85. (c)

Exp: 1st statement is incorrect as though it

mentions all the members, it fails to mention the legislatures of UTs. In fact, this was an error in the original circular of cabinet on January 1, 2015 and later it was amended (16th February, 2015) with the above mentioned correction.

2nd statement is correct as NILERD whose chairman is Arvind Pangariya and UIDAI are designated as the subordinate offices under the NITI Aayog.

3rd statement is also correct as new innovative aim of this think tank is to create a respository of best govcernance practices – a state-of-the-art resource centre-for sustainable and equiatable development along with emphasis on the dissemination of the information to all its stakeholders.

86. (c)

Exp: Insider trading refers to Trading of

shares by individuals with potential access to non-public information about the company.

Insider trading is legal once the material information has been made public, at which time the insider has no direct advantage over other investors.

87. (b)

Explanation: Finance Ministry can issue Re 1/- Currency note. FEMA Act is managed by Finance Ministry.

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88. (a)

Exp: The money which is sucked from the

economy, when a government issues its bonds.

In banking industry, it means period of harder interest regime.

89. (c)

Explanation: Investors in the participatory note do not own the underlying Indian security.

90. (d)

Explanation: Depreciation is nothing but a continous reduction in the value of something over time. Continuous use of machine leads to depreciation and change of technology makes a machine obsolete. That is an example of depreciation of physical capital. In the case of human capital, depreciation takes place with ageing but can be reduced, to a large extent, through continuous investment in education, health, etc. This investment also facilitates the human capital to cope with change in technology which is not the case with physical capital.

91. (b)

Explanation: An excise or excise tax (sometimes called a special excise duty) is an inland tax on the sale, or production for sale, of specific goods or a tax on a good produced for sale, or sold, within a country or licenses for specific activities. Excises are distinguished from customs duties, which are taxes on importation

92. (c)

Exp: Countervailing duties are the tariffs levied on imported goods to offset subsidies made to producers of goods in the exporting country. Countervailing duties (CVD) are meant to level the playing field between

domestic producers of a product and foreign producers of the same product who can afford to sell it at a lower price because of the subsidy they receive from their government. The definition of “subsidy” in this regard is quite broad. It includes any financial contribution made by a government or government agency, including a direct transfer of funds (such as grants, loans and infusion of equity), potential direct transfer of funds (for example, loan guarantees), fiscal incentives such as tax credits, and any form of income or price support.

93. (b)

94. (d)

Portfolio

Prime Minister Minister of External Affairs and Commonwealth Relations Minister of Scientific Research

Jawaharlal Nehru

Deputy Prime Minister

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

Minister of Home Affairs and States


C. Rajagopalachari[6]

Kailash Nath Katju

Minister of Information and Broadcasting


R. R. Diwakar[7]

Minister of Finance

R. K. Shanmukham Chetty

John Mathai

C. D. Deshmukh

Minister of Law B. R. Ambedkar[8]

Minister of Defence

Baldev Singh

Minister John Mathai

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)





https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(India)



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_India

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_India

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardar_Vallabhbhai_Patel

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Home_Affairs_(India)



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kailash_Nath_Katju

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_and_Broadcasting_(India)



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._R._Diwakar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._R._Diwakar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._K._Shanmukham_Chetty

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._K._Shanmukham_Chetty

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mathai

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._D._Deshmukh

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Law_and_Justice_(India)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldev_Singh

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of Railways and Transport

N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar

Minister of Education

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

Minister of Food and Agriculture

Jairamdas Daulatram

Minister of Industries and Supplies

Syama Prasad Mookerjee

Minister of Labour

Jagjivan Ram

Minister of Commerce

Cooverji Hormusji Bhabha

Minister of Communications

Rafi Ahmed Kidwai

Minister of Health

Amrit Kaur

Minister of Works, Mines and Power

Narhar Vishnu Gadgil

Minister of Relief and Rehabilitation

K. C. Neogy

95. (a)

96. (a)

Explanation: At ‘Vaishali’, Alara Kalama (Sankhya

philosopher) taught the techniques of meditation and the teaching of Upanishads to Gautam Buddha.

At ‘Rajgriha’, Udraka Ramputra taught him to achieve the highest level of meditation. iii.At last ,at the age of 35,Gautam Bhudha attained nirvana at ‘Bodh gaya ‘in Bihar.

97. (c)

98. (a)

Explanation: Mubarak Khalji ( 1316-1320) Sikandar Lodi (1489 – 1517) Balban (1286-1296) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq (1320-1324)

99. (a)

100. (b)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Railways_(India)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Road_Transport_and_Highways_(India)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N._Gopalaswami_Ayyangar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N._Gopalaswami_Ayyangar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Human_Resource_Development_(India)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Human_Resource_Development_(India)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maulana_Abul_Kalam_Azad

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maulana_Abul_Kalam_Azad

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Agriculture_(India)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Agriculture_(India)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jairamdas_Daulatram

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mookerjee

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mookerjee

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Labour_and_Employment_(India)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Labour_and_Employment_(India)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagjivan_Ram



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooverji_Hormusji_Bhabha

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooverji_Hormusji_Bhabha

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Communications_and_Information_Technology_(India)



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafi_Ahmed_Kidwai

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Health_and_Family_Welfare_(India)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Health_and_Family_Welfare_(India)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajkumari_Amrit_Kaur

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Urban_Development

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Mines_(India)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Mines_(India)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Power_(India)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narhar_Vishnu_Gadgil

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment_and_Forests_(India)



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K._C._Neogy

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