Jim Sinopoli, PE, LEED AP, RCDDManaging Principal Smart Buildings LLC

Smart Meters and Plug Load Management

Agenda

• What Is A Smart Building?

• Submetering

• Vampire Power and Power Strips

• Power over Ethernet

What is a Smart Building?The Basic Core of a Building

What Do Building Technology Systems Have In Common?

• Network Cabling• Cable Pathways• Communications Protocols or Rules• System Databases• System Administration and Management Workstations

• Power• Equipment Room Space• Web Access• Labor

Integrated and Converged Building Networks

Integrated Systems“The Whole is Greater than the Sum of the Parts”

• Integration takes place at the physical, network and application levels

• Integrated systems shareresources

• Sharing of resources underpins the financial metrics and improved functionality of integrated systems.

• System integration provides functionality that cannot be provided by any one system.

• Integrated systems strive for a single database, considerably reducing the cost and support for synchronizing separate databases.

Applications Layer

Presentation Layer

Session Layer

Transport Layer

Network Layer

Physical La yer

Data link Layer

OSI MODEL LAYERS

Applications

Network

INTEGRATED BUILDING SYSTEMS

REFERENCE MODEL

RE

CE

IVIN

G D

AT

A

SEN

DIN

G D

AT

A

Datalink Layer

Physical Layer

Benefits of an Integrated Design

• Capex and Opex Cost Efficiency

• Interaction Of Systems

• End User and System Management Benefits

• Streamlined Design and Construction

Green and Smart

The Technical Foundations of aSmart Building

EFFICIENCY - OPEX SAVINGS

• SERVICE CONTRACTS - 15% savings with open systems versus proprietary

systems

• ADDITIONS AND REMODELLING – 20% savings related to structured cable

infrastructure.

• PREVENTATIVE AND PREDICITIVE MAINTNENACE SYSTEM – Savings of 1-

5% of equipment in extending lifecycles.

• ADDITIONAL ENERGY SAVINGS – coordinated supply/demand, improved

load factors. Additional 6% of energy savings

OPERATING COSTS ASSUME TO INCREASE 5% PER YEAR

Savings Per SF over 10 years = $7.78

Lifecycle Costs

GSA Metrics

13

Optimizing the Building Systems

• Existing Buildings

– Cx cost: $0.27/ft2 • Median NEBs: $0.18/ft2

– Deficiencies: 11 per building

– Energy Savings: 15%

– Payback time: 8.5 months

• Cost-effective over range of building types, sizes, locations

• Energy savings rise with more thorough commissioning

Strategy for Existing Buildings

• Go Through A Discovery Process.

• Benchmark the Building’s Performance

• Decide Whether To Seek LEED Certification

• Prioritize And Fund The Effort

• Upgrade the Controls First

• Recommission The HVAC System

• Upgrade Other Systems

• Upgrade The Monitoring, Management And Operation Of The Systems

Submetering Systems

• Measure usage for specific spaces, tenants or electrical circuits

• Primarily to allocate the cost of electric power to those who consumed it.

• Components

– Current transformer or “CT”.

– Multiple CTs will connect to a processor or a server/controller

– Power management software application

Submeters

• Connection to an IP or BAS control network

• Modbus, SNMP, BACnet, RS-232 or RS-485 network.

• Unoccupied but equipment running

• Shifting equipment schedule

• Can indicate when equipment is in need of service or replacement.

Submetering Tips

• Plan and Test

– Map out the areas/record on drawings

– Match up power consumption to work tasks

– Target spaces where consumption is excessive

• Include 3-phase HVAC Loads and In-Building Distribution Transformers

– Monitoring consumption/start-up of the HVAC

– Identify potential equipment failure

– Monitoring in-building distribution transformers regarding operating capacity

Tips (continued)

• Check The Installation Of The CTs

– Common mistakes: reversed CTs, wrong circuit

– Use a licensed electrician for installation

• Get Granular

– Go for the high value targets

• Get Real As In Real Time Data

– Network the meters and provide access via the web. Time is money

• Check The Business Aspects

– Rebates or tax incentives may be available

Smart Power Strips

• “Vampire Power”

• Consumption of electrical power due to standby power between 7-13%.

• 75% of the electricity used for home electronics consumed when turned off.

• Offices/media centers

• Turning off may be unpractical and unsafe

Smart Power Strips

• Monitor and manage the plug load

• Turn devices on or off by sensing if device is in use or idle state

• Turned off within a user-defined set time

• Triggered by the personal computer

• Smart power strips can incorporate meters

• Moved into data centers

• IP network allows equipment to be monitored, managed and rebooted

Power Over Ethernet

Power Over Ethernet

• Most under-valued technology in buildings

• Moves devices from high to low voltage

• Provides both power and communications through

one cable

• Centrally monitor the devices

• Management software

– Essentially enables and disables power-over-

Ethernet ports on a network switch

• Reduces peak energy demand for it networks

PoE Applications• Access Control

• Computer Systems

• Building Automation Systems

• CCTV

• HVAC

• WLAN

• Smart Signs/Web Signs.

• Vending Machines.

• Gaming Machines.

• Audio And Video Juke Boxes.

• Electronic Point Of Sale (EPOS) Information Systems.

• Time And Attendance Systems.

• Battery Chargers For Mobile Phones And PDAs.

• Electronic Musical Instruments.

PoE Benefits

• Centralized Power Distribution

• Reduced demand on electric service (current and outlets)

• Backup power for critical hardware

• SNMP and Intelligent Patching benefits

• Lower installation costs

Contact Information

Jim Sinopoli, PE RCDDManaging Principal

Smart Buildings LLC

19516 Sandcastle Drive

Spicewood, Texas 78669 USA

512-215-4701

512-293-2843 (cell)www.smart-buildings.com

jsinopoli@smart-buildings.com

Additional Resources

“SMART BUILDINGS”

ISBN 0-9786144-0-2