Richard Everett‘Intelligent’ Buildings Consultant

Education Sector

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Smarter, Greener Learning: A Strategic Approach for Post-

16 Education

Ask not ‘what can you do for your technology?’ ask ‘what can your technology do for you?’

with apologies to John F Kennedy

Green and Intelligent Buildings: save costs and boost productivity,

sustainably!

‘Intelligent’ Building Definition

“Intelligent buildings should be sustainable, healthy, technologically aware, meet the needs of occupants and business and should be flexible and adaptable to deal with change”

Clements-Croome (2007)

Definition - 2

An intelligent building is a dynamic and responsive architecture that provides every occupant with productive, cost effective and environmentally approved conditions through a continuous interaction among its four basic elements: places (fabric; structure; facilities); processes (automation; control; systems;) people (services; users) and management (maintenance; performance) and the interrelation between them.

The CIB Working Group W098 (1995).

Behaviours

• Tidy or untidy • Methodical or haphazard• Good memory or Forgetful

• Lighting, heating and systems – consume energy– control them

• Automation – switch it off!

The ideal

iB

intelligent Unified messaging

Cause and effect

Building MgmtSystems

Infrastructure

Trend analysis

AV

Digital signage

Thin client Blade PCs

Cashless catering

IP telephony

mLearning

Wireless

Smart cards

Learning technology

Library systems

Room management

Buildings

The goal – 4 E’s

• Economy = minimising cost

• Efficiency = making best use of resources

• Effectiveness = degree of achievement of outcome

• Efficacy = degree of relevance of outcome

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Pedagogy

• Worker Performance =

Motivation x Ability x Opportunity

• Tasks - Individuals– Want to do– Capable of doing– Can be done

• Building creates– Physical environment

Pedagogy and Buildings

• “Space has the power to condition behaviour and form personality. ... The environment affects our emotions, feelings and reactions.“

Scuri (1995)• “the more integrated building allows

communications between staff to be considerably enhanced.”

Penn et al. (1977)

CLCs – the new LRCs• communications• social interaction• flexibility• hierarchical and non-hierarchical

organisational structures• work productivity• effectiveness of ventilation and air quality• privacy• crowding• individual control• Storage

Ilozor (2000)

Happy workers are effective

• “research suggests a correlation between worker productivity, wellbeing, environmental, social and organisational factors.”

Clements-Croome (2007)

Return on Investment

25Salary exceeds

building energy and maintenance costs

and annual construction rental cost by a factor of

90%Salary costs as a

percentage of total organisational

costs

1 : 5 : 200

Ratio of costs

Construction :

Maintenance Operating:

Business operating

Annualised UK building costs

• Capital investment – £200/m² per year

• energy and plant costs– £10/m² per year

• Staff costs– £15,000/m² per year

Hodgett (1993)• a 1% change in productivity...??

Sydney Opera House

Cost $120m

Cost overrun 1700%

Replacement Cost $120m

Energy usage

• Energy used to heat, light and ventilate buildings– 45%

• Energy used to construct buildings– 5%

Edwards (2002)

Carbon Trust

• High potential – Building Controls

– Smart metering

– Building fabric• Heating, ventilation• Cooling, integrated design

• Lower potential – Biomass (for electricity generation),

– Nuclear Fusion,

– Solar photovoltaic

Carbon Trust (2001)

Ill advised reduction?

“Often there is an attempt to reduce maintenance with consequential waste of energy and deteriorating environmental conditions. Evans et al (1998) point out that the building lifetime cost ratios vary but commonly are 1:5:200 to 1:10:200. In other words, the major costs of running an organisation are the salaries of the staff.

Clements Croome (2007)

1 : 5

: 20

01 : 10 : 200

Energy efficient buildings

The following features are important:

High levels of thermal insulationNatural ventilation – connected spacesExclude excessive solar gainHigh efficiency lightingIndividual control measuresEfficient systems equipment and appliancesEmploy effective facilities management

Clements Croome (2007)

iB

intelligent Unified messaging

Cause and effect

Building MgmtSystems

Infrastructure

Trend analysis

AV

Digital signage

Thin client Blade PCs

Cashless catering

IP telephony

mLearning

Wireless

Smart cards

Learning technology

Library systems

Room management

Buildings

Post Script

“Of course, communication is vital. This means having mutual respect between fellow professionals and an open mind to include expertise from backgrounds different to those with which the building industry is familiar. For the long term, it is important that these issues are reflected in education and training courses.”

Clements-Croome (2007)

Thank you

Richard Everett – Independent ConsultancyThe Old Coach House

9 High StreetOld Town

StevenageSG1 3BG

01438 215 44707766 611 826

richard.everett@intelligentbuilders.co.uk

www.intelligentbuilders.co.uk