smartports10-s.huisman-(small scale) lng challenges
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/11/2019 SmartPorts10-S.huisman-(Small Scale) LNG Challenges
1/22
_
Smart Ports SeminarMarin 23 April 2013
Large- and small-scale LNG challenges
Stephan HuismanDirector LNG technology - Vopak
-
8/11/2019 SmartPorts10-S.huisman-(Small Scale) LNG Challenges
2/22
MarinSmart Ports seminar 23 A ril 2013
Contents
What is LNG?
Trends in LNG world trade
Shipping of LNG
Site selection and demands to port design
Small scale LNG a new and promising trade
Questions?
2
-
8/11/2019 SmartPorts10-S.huisman-(Small Scale) LNG Challenges
3/22
MarinSmart Ports seminar 23 A ril 2013
LNG?
LNG = Liquefied Natural Gas:
predominantly methane (C1
H4
)
liquefied to161 degree C, reducing the volume by a factor of 600
safe transport & storage at near atmospheric pressure: safety
vaporizes quickly when exposed to atmosphere & lighter than air
gas clouds burn, but no explosions (if not confined)
low level of contaminants and NG a clean burning fuel colorless and no smell
Why is LNG used?
allows transport of gas over long distances using LNG Carriers
creates flexibility in the natural gas market, enhancing reliability of
supply at competitive pricing
fuel for power generation and feedstock for industries
new trend: fuel for marine and road transport.
3
-
8/11/2019 SmartPorts10-S.huisman-(Small Scale) LNG Challenges
4/22
MarinSmart Ports seminar 23 A ril 2013 4
Environmental performance Natural Gas fuel
Natural gas is cleanest fos si l fuel
Natural gas is used for:power generation => flexible plants!
industrial feedstock & fuel
domestic appliances
road and sea transport (a recent trend)
-
8/11/2019 SmartPorts10-S.huisman-(Small Scale) LNG Challenges
5/22
MarinSmart Ports seminar 23 A ril 2013
an integrated high value energy supply chain
5
The traditional base-load LNG supply model
-
8/11/2019 SmartPorts10-S.huisman-(Small Scale) LNG Challenges
6/22
MarinSmart Ports seminar 23 A ril 2013
Why LNG instead of pipeline supplied natural gas?
Enhances security of supply (example JapanFukushima)
Allows peak-shaving for high demand moments
Make-up for decline of piped import & indigenous supply)
Fuel supply to remote islands and smaller markets
6
-
8/11/2019 SmartPorts10-S.huisman-(Small Scale) LNG Challenges
7/22
MarinSmart Ports seminar 23 A ril 2013
Woodside - Australia
World-wide LNG trade: steady increase (5 to 6% pa)
Source: ExxonMobil 2007
7
-
8/11/2019 SmartPorts10-S.huisman-(Small Scale) LNG Challenges
8/22
MarinSmart Ports seminar 23 A ril 2013
Legend:
In Operation
Under Construction
PlannedPipelines Operating
Planned Pipelines
Isle of Grain
Montoir
Fos
Barcelona
Cartagena
Huelva
La Spezia
Marmara
Ereglesi
Revythoussa
BilbaoSines
Zeebrugge
Sagunto
Aliaga
Teesport
El Ferrol
Europemain Natural Gas import infrastructure(2012)
8
2012
status
Milford Haven
Rotterdam
In last 6 years number of operational import terminals
increased with 7 (approx. + 30% growth)
-
8/11/2019 SmartPorts10-S.huisman-(Small Scale) LNG Challenges
9/22
MarinSmart Ports seminar 23 A ril 2013 9
Woodside - Australia
LNG carriers: sizes increased
-
8/11/2019 SmartPorts10-S.huisman-(Small Scale) LNG Challenges
10/22
MarinSmart Ports seminar 23 A ril 201310
Trend LNG fleet: main carrier fleet gets larger
Source: WoodMac (2008)
-
8/11/2019 SmartPorts10-S.huisman-(Small Scale) LNG Challenges
11/22
MarinSmart Ports seminar 23 A ril 201311
Challenges for ports
LNG berths move into busy ports;
Scheduling of LNG chain is tight and delays not easily tolerated; High vessel costs imply also a need for high port availability;
High safety standards need to be maintained: The LNG industry
maintains a conservative approach;
Vessel traffic management essential to warrant safe manoeuvres;
Locations selected of berths should have low probability of collision
Shallow draft vessels (< 12,5 m) so modest water-depths; but
High freeboards (> 20 m) and Loa between 300 and 350 m require
manoeuvring space and tug capacity;
Necessity to remain cost competitive.
-
8/11/2019 SmartPorts10-S.huisman-(Small Scale) LNG Challenges
12/22
MarinSmart Ports seminar 23 A ril 201312
Woodside - Australia
Example of specific port design challenges(1)
Exposed jetty to cyclones
Dredged channel in hard rockWoodside LNG - Australia
-
8/11/2019 SmartPorts10-S.huisman-(Small Scale) LNG Challenges
13/22
MarinSmart Ports seminar 23 A ril 2013 13
Courtesy Sines LNG Portugal
Example of specific port design challenges(2)
Co-sitingsafety manaement
Atlantic swell wave limitations
Seismicity
-
8/11/2019 SmartPorts10-S.huisman-(Small Scale) LNG Challenges
14/22
MarinSmart Ports seminar 23 A ril 2013
24/04/2013Vopak LNG
14
Maasvlakte
Europoort
Hoek van Holland
LNG Terminal
location
LNG jetties
Existing HP
36 H-grid line
Example of specific port design challenges(2)
Rotterdam harbour:
Congestion onshore and water-ways;
Management of maritime risks
Port availability in adverse conditions
-
8/11/2019 SmartPorts10-S.huisman-(Small Scale) LNG Challenges
15/22
MarinSmart Ports seminar 23 A ril 2013
S3
S4
S10
S18
S22
S27
S32
S46S49
S11
S17
S19S39
Stad
Caland
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
Euromax
Lyondell
TOR
APM
EMO Mississippi
ECT Europa
ECT Amazone
Nerefco
VoridianMOT
S4
S6
S59
S50
S60
S55
T
TT
S2
S5
Euromax MV2
OMO
MW
W
ChemieT
MaasCentre
S35
S42
TEMO Amazone
T
S7
LionGas
T
TGate (Vogas)
S1
S8 S68 S71
S66
S69
T
T
Benelux
PET
S67
Fairway configuration15
Creative layout and win-win between projects
Dredging and land reclamation
projects shared between various
projects;
Extensive logistics simulationsto develop access regime;
Onshore and nautical quantitative
risk assessments;
Navigation studies;
Wave penetration modelling
2006 2011
-
8/11/2019 SmartPorts10-S.huisman-(Small Scale) LNG Challenges
16/22
MarinSmart Ports seminar 23 A ril 2013
24/04/2013Vopak LNG
16
Examples supporting specialised port studies
-
8/11/2019 SmartPorts10-S.huisman-(Small Scale) LNG Challenges
17/22
MarinSmart Ports seminar 23 A ril 2013
IMO: Emission control areas: ECAs
EU Directives:Reduction of
emissions from
the transportation
industry
17
,,,,,
,,,,,
2
008
2
009
2
010
2
011
2
012
2
013
2
014
2
015
2
016
2
017
2
018
2
019
2
020
2
021
2
022
ECA
World
78%
97%
4,5%
3,5%
1,5%
1,0%
0,5%
0,1%
SOx
(%)
,,,,,
,,,,,
2
008
2
009
2
010
2
011
2
012
2
013
2
014
2
015
2
016
2
017
2
018
2
019
2
020
2
021
2
022
ECA
World
78%
97%
4,5%
3,5%
1,5%
1,0%
0,5%
0,1%
SOx
(%)
Emission control: small scale LNG (r)evolution?
-
8/11/2019 SmartPorts10-S.huisman-(Small Scale) LNG Challenges
18/22
MarinSmart Ports seminar 23 A ril 2013
Gasoil
LNG
LNG may also present a material cost fuel cost advantage
18
Challenges ahead for downstream market penetration LNG:
Standard legislation and equipment standardisation;
Safety training on how to handle liquid gasses to maintain safety record;
Engine management technology development;
Incremental investments in port infra and engine rooms of vessels;
-
8/11/2019 SmartPorts10-S.huisman-(Small Scale) LNG Challenges
19/22
MarinSmart Ports seminar 23 A ril 2013 19
Emission control: small scale (r)evolution?
ECA
1.250 to 16,000 m3
-
8/11/2019 SmartPorts10-S.huisman-(Small Scale) LNG Challenges
20/22
MarinSmart Ports seminar 23 A ril 2013
Green river initiative
20
Green Deal:
LNG Rijn en WaddenSigned on the 5thof July 2012
Challenges for small scale LNG: Design of bunker barges;
Design of river barges;
Design of small LNG depots
Modal split between water-
and road transport of LNG
-
8/11/2019 SmartPorts10-S.huisman-(Small Scale) LNG Challenges
21/22
MarinSmart Ports seminar 23 A ril 2013 21
LNG
Gas Oil
Fuel Oil
Time
The volume of future small scale LNG a big question!
LNG truck fuelling station Zwolle, Netherlands
Break-bulk Rotterdam
Dual fuel LNG propulsion in operation
First movers are active!
-
8/11/2019 SmartPorts10-S.huisman-(Small Scale) LNG Challenges
22/22
The future of LNG terminals!
World-scale
&
Small satellites
22