SMI in SMI in BritainBritain

NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINESNEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES Newspapers and magazines were the first media. However, earlier Newspapers and magazines were the first media. However, earlier

newspaper circulation limits their transportation and distribution, illiteracy newspaper circulation limits their transportation and distribution, illiteracy and censorship. But over the past two centuries, increased educational and censorship. But over the past two centuries, increased educational system, the removal of censorship, new printing technology and small system, the removal of censorship, new printing technology and small size of the British destroyed these difficulties and created a system of size of the British destroyed these difficulties and created a system of independent print media. independent print media.

National newspapersNational newspapers National newspapers in Britain - it is newspapers that are delivered to all National newspapers in Britain - it is newspapers that are delivered to all

regions of the country in one day, including weekends. Most newspapers regions of the country in one day, including weekends. Most newspapers postman delivers directly to the threshold of subscriber. Well-developed postman delivers directly to the threshold of subscriber. Well-developed internal transport and communications system is relatively small country, internal transport and communications system is relatively small country, allowed to develop a unique system of national publications, in contrast to allowed to develop a unique system of national publications, in contrast to the situation where the huge size and geographic features of countries the situation where the huge size and geographic features of countries are often the major noise. are often the major noise.

The beginning of the twentieth century was the era of newspapers, mass The beginning of the twentieth century was the era of newspapers, mass circulation produced, and dynasties owners of newspapers, for example, circulation produced, and dynasties owners of newspapers, for example, Narmsvorta and Arthur Pearsona. Between them was a brutal Narmsvorta and Arthur Pearsona. Between them was a brutal competition for market share. "Morning Herald" Pearsona, which was competition for market share. "Morning Herald" Pearsona, which was later renamed the "Daily Express", was created in 1900 to compete with later renamed the "Daily Express", was created in 1900 to compete with the "Daily Mail" for the market the lower strata of the middle class. Later, the "Daily Mail" for the market the lower strata of the middle class. Later, "Daily Express" changed direction, becoming the first 50 years of "Daily Express" changed direction, becoming the first 50 years of newspaper for the working class in order to attract more readers. newspaper for the working class in order to attract more readers.

REGIONAL NEWSPAPERSREGIONAL NEWSPAPERS Regional or provincial newspapers - the newspapers that go Regional or provincial newspapers - the newspapers that go

outside of London. Eliminating the national printing industry, outside of London. Eliminating the national printing industry, London itself has one main newspaper ("Evening Standard") London itself has one main newspaper ("Evening Standard") with a daily circulation of about 476,000 copies in addition to with a daily circulation of about 476,000 copies in addition to about 100 local weeklies, dailies and evening papers that come about 100 local weeklies, dailies and evening papers that come in the areas of Greater London. in the areas of Greater London.

Periodicals and journalsPeriodicals and journals In the UK there are over 7,000 different periodicals and In the UK there are over 7,000 different periodicals and

magazines that are published weekly, monthly or quarterly. magazines that are published weekly, monthly or quarterly. They cover the vast majority of business interests, professions, They cover the vast majority of business interests, professions, sports, hobbies and interests, and are intended for different sports, hobbies and interests, and are intended for different markets and levels of education. It is very difficult to break into markets and levels of education. It is very difficult to break into this established market with something new. Some attempts, of this established market with something new. Some attempts, of course, can succeed, but the vast majority do not succeed. For course, can succeed, but the vast majority do not succeed. For example, in Britain there is no color magazines with news, example, in Britain there is no color magazines with news, because they could not compete with existing television and because they could not compete with existing television and magazines. magazines.

RADIO AND TELEVISIONRADIO AND TELEVISIONExperimental broadcasts were made in the late Experimental broadcasts were made in the late

nineteenth century and early twentieth systems nineteenth century and early twentieth systems have been improved. After a period of limited have been improved. After a period of limited public access State Broadcasting Company public access State Broadcasting Company was founded in 1922, when it created the was founded in 1922, when it created the British Broadcasting Company (British British Broadcasting Company (British Broadcasting Company) led by John Reita Broadcasting Company) led by John Reita (John Reith). (John Reith).

BBCBBC Air Force based in London, but has a studio and Air Force based in London, but has a studio and

television equipment throughout the country that television equipment throughout the country that provide a network of national and regional television provide a network of national and regional television channels and radio stations in the UK. Air Force was channels and radio stations in the UK. Air Force was established by royal decree, it is managed by a board established by royal decree, it is managed by a board of directors which is responsible for monitoring the of directors which is responsible for monitoring the structure and relevance of programs. Directors are structure and relevance of programs. Directors are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Prime appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister, and assumed that they add an element of Minister, and assumed that they add an element of independence in the organization of the Air Force. independence in the organization of the Air Force. Daily work of the corporation is controlled by the Daily work of the corporation is controlled by the general manager, who is chosen by the Board in general manager, who is chosen by the Board in collaboration with the Prime Minister. collaboration with the Prime Minister.

ITCITC The Government's reform of broadcasting in 1990 The Government's reform of broadcasting in 1990

greatly influenced the independent television and greatly influenced the independent television and radio. In place of the IBA came to ITC (Independent radio. In place of the IBA came to ITC (Independent Television Commission), which controls the Television Commission), which controls the independent television companies (including cable independent television companies (including cable and satellite television) and consists of government-and satellite television) and consists of government-appointed directors and members of the commission.appointed directors and members of the commission.

ITC does not make the program. In addition to ITC does not make the program. In addition to monitoring the satellite and cable TV, it issues monitoring the satellite and cable TV, it issues licenses and monitors the translational companies that licenses and monitors the translational companies that are responsible for the production of programs for the are responsible for the production of programs for the two main commercial channels - ITV / Channel 3 and two main commercial channels - ITV / Channel 3 and Channel 4. Channel 4.

ROLE OF TELEVISIONROLE OF TELEVISION TV - an influential and dominant mass media in modern TV - an influential and dominant mass media in modern

Britain, as well as a very popular entertainment. Over Britain, as well as a very popular entertainment. Over 99% of the population have television sets, of which 99% of the population have television sets, of which about 95% - non-ferrous, and more than half of all about 95% - non-ferrous, and more than half of all households have two or more TV. Some people prefer to households have two or more TV. Some people prefer to rent rather than buy a TV, because in this case they are rent rather than buy a TV, because in this case they are free of charge, repaired and maintained in working free of charge, repaired and maintained in working condition.condition.

A large number of programs displayed on the television, A large number of programs displayed on the television, made in the UK, although there is a significant number of made in the UK, although there is a significant number of American TV series. A handful of programs - Australia, American TV series. A handful of programs - Australia, New Zealand and Canadian production. Programs are New Zealand and Canadian production. Programs are largely English-speaking, if the same foreign language largely English-speaking, if the same foreign language film - it duplicates or add captions.film - it duplicates or add captions.

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