State Regulations in Architecture, Urban Development and Construction

BUILDING CODE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

FIRE SAFETY OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

SNiP RK 2.02-05-2002

Official Edition

Construction Committee under Ministry of Industry and Trade

of the Republic of KazakhstanAstana, 2003

Foreword

The SNiP RK 2.02-05-2002 “Fire safety of buildings and structures”. Construction Committee under Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2003 – 85p.

Developed by: Design and Production Department “Grazhdanzhilproekt”

Introduced and preparedfor approval by:

Department of Technical Regulation and New Technologies in Construction of the Construction Committee under Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Reviewed by: State Fire Fighting Service Department under the Agency of Emergencies of the Republic of Kazakhstan, State Expertise RGP, Design Academy “Kazgor”, “EMK” Limited Lliability Partnership, “Bazis-A” Corporation.

Approved by: Resolution of the Construction Committee under Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Republic of Kazakhstan of July 15, 2003, No. 288

The regulatory document was developed in pursuance of the resolution of the Republic of Kazakhstan Government as of 14.01.97 “On further improvement of bylaws ”.

SNiP RK 2.02-05-2002 “Fire safety of buildings and structures” was developed to replace SniP 2.01.02-85* and SNiP 2.02-01-2001 with amendments and supplements.

With introduction of SNiP RK 2.02-05-2002 “Fire safety of buildings and structures” becomes inoperative on the territory of SNiP RK 2.01.02-85* and SNiP RK 2.02-01-2001.

This regulatory document can not be completely or partly reproduced, duplicated or circulated as an official edition without permission of the Construction Committee under Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Republic of Kazakhstan or its legal successor.

Construction Committee under Ministry of Industry and trade of the Republic of

Kazakhstan

Building code of the Republic of Kazakhstan

SniP RK 2.02-05-2002

Fire safety of buildings and structures

1. FIELD OF APPLICATION

1.1. Fire safety assurance is an integral part of the state activity for people’s life and health protection, property, national wealth and environment.

1.2. These standards and regulations ascertain the general requirements for fire safety of buildings, spaces and structures (herein buildings) at all the stages of their construction and use as well as fire hazard classification of buildings and their components and parts, building structures and materials..

1.3. Fire fighting standards and requirements in a systems of regulatory documents in construction shall be based on the requirements of the current standards.

The current standards are supplemented and updated with fire fighting requirements, set forth on SniP in the section “Fire fighting requirements” of relevant buildings and structures and other regulatory documents, approved by an authorized body in the field of architecture, construction and urbane development.

Apart from the current standards and regulations, it is necessary to conform to the following statutory acts and state standards developed in the Republic of Kazakhstan:

“Law of fire safety”, containing fire fighting requirements for operation of economic installations, irrespective of the form of property;

GOST 12.1.004 “Fire safety”; on fire safety for new building projects, set forth in PPBS-01 “Preventive fire-

fighting regulations in construction and mounting as well as hot works”; PPB RK 08 “Preventive fire-fighting regulations in the Republic of Kazakhstan”; sectoral and special preventive fire-fighting regulations of the operational code for

electrical installations (PUE), PIVE, GOST and other regulatory documents, controlling fire safety problems.

Fire safety measures in the areas for evacuated population shall be arranged in compliance with PPB RK 0.8 requirements.

When the effective regulatory documents, to which a reference is given in the current standards, are cancelled, it is necessary to follow the standards which are introduced to replace the cancelled ones.

1.4. For buildings, on which no fire protection regulations are available, as well as for buildings with functional fire hazard class F 1.3 ( 3.38) over 75 m* in height, buildings with other functional fire hazard classes over 10 m in height and buildings with the number of underground storeys more than one as well as particularly complex and unique buildings, along with observance of fire protection requirements of construction norms and rules, it is necessary to develop special technical specifications, reflecting the specific features of their fire protection, including a system of additional engineering and organizational measures.

Introduced by Department of Technical Regulation and New Technologies of Construction

Committee

Approved by Decree of Construction Committee of July

«15», 2003,№ 288

Enactment datefrom 01.08.2003.

1.5. Regulatory and engineering documentation for buildings and structures, articles and materials shall contain fire hazard characteristics, regulated by the current norms.

1.6. A permission for partly reasonable deviation from the requirements of the current norms for specific projects is given by an authorized body in the field of architecture, urban development and construction, if measures are available to make up for these deviations, approved by the state fire-fighting service and other bodies concerned, the list of which determined by the authorized body in the field of architecture, urban development and construction.

The design documentation shall provide for a section (or certificate for enterprises, buildings and structures), determining the observance of fire-fighting requirements during their operation.

Designing and construction of buildings with more than 9 floors are admitted if the customer equips fire-fighting teams with fire aerial ladders or mobile aerial towers, intended for the design water flow supply, evacuation of people from upper floors of buildings and structures. The type and amount of fire-fighting equipment shall be approved by the state fire-fighting service.

________________________________________* Hereinafter, except for specified cases, the height of a building is determined by the height of the upper floor,

except for a crawl floor, while the height of the floor is determined by the difference between elevation marks of the driveway surface for fire-fighting vehicles and the lower boundary of a window opening in the external wall.

1.7. When the functional designation of buildings or separate rooms in them changes or space planning decisions and structural concepts are altered, it is necessary to use regulatory documents according to a new designation of these buildings or structures.

1.8. Chapters 4, 5, 6, 7 do not cover buildings of special designation (for production and storage of explosives and explosion equipment, military-purpose equipment, underground structures of subways, mine workings.

2. BASIC PROVISIONS

2.1. Structural concepts, space planning and engineering solutions are to be envisaged in buildings to provide the following possibilities in case of fire:

evacuation of people, irrespective of their age and physical conditions, outward to the area adjacent to the building (hereinafter outward) until their lives and health are not exposed to hazardous fire factors;

rescue of people; access of fire-fighting teams and supply of fire-fighting equipment to the seat of

fire as well as measures to rescue people and material values; non-proliferation of fire to neighboring buildings; restriction of direct and indirect material damage, including the contents of the

building and building itself, based on economically reasonable ratio of damage rate and expenditures for fire-fighting measures.

2.2. During construction it is necessary to ensure: priority execution of fire-fighting measures, provided by the project, developed in

compliance with standards and approved in the established procedure; observance of fire-protection regulations in accordance with fire safety regulations

and protection against fire of a building and auxiliary facilities under construction, running of fire safe construction and mounting operations;

availability and proper handling of fire-fighting equipment; possibility of safe evacuation and rescue of people as well as protection of material

values in case of fire in the project under construction and on the construction site. 2.3. During operation it is necessary to: provide maintenance and operability of its fire-fighting equipment in compliance

with the requirements of design and technical documentation; provide the compliance with fire safety regulations, approved in the established

procedure, including PPBS–01; prevent changes in structural, space planning and engineering concepts without a

design, developed in compliance with the current standards and approved in the established procedure;

during repair operations avoid the use of substandard structures and materials. if a permission for erection of a building was obtained on the condition that the

number of people in the building or any other its part or the fire load are restricted, it is necessary to provide notifications about such restrictions inside the building, the administration of the building shall develop special organizational measures to prevent fire and evacuate people in case of fire.

3. FIRE HAZARD CLASSIFICATION

General Provisions

3.1. Fire hazard classification of construction materials, structures, spaces, buildings, their components and parts is based on their distribution by properties, contributing to the emergence of fire hazardous factors and its development, - fire risk, in terms of properties to resist fire exposure and the spread of its dangerous factors - fire-resistance.

3.2. Fire hazard classification is designed to determine the necessary requirements for fire protection of structures, buildings, their components and parts depending on their fire-resistance and (or) fire hazard.

Construction Materials

3.3. Construction materials are characterized only by fire hazard.3.4. Fire hazard of construction materials is defined by the following fire hazard properties:

combustibility, flammability, flame spread on the surface, smoke-producing ability and toxicity.3.5. Construction materials are divided into non-combustible (NG) and combustible G

Combustible construction materials are divided into four groups: G1 (low combustible); G2 (moderately combustible); G3 (normally combustible); G4 (highly combustible).Combustibility and groups of construction materials in terms of combustibility are

established in accordance with GOST 30244.or non-combustible construction materials other fire hazard indices are not determined nor

standardized.Combustible construction materials in terms of combustibility are deviled into three groups: V1 (hardly inflammable); V2 (moderately inflammable); VI (easily inflammable). Groups of construction materials are established in terms of inflammability according to

GOST 30402.3.6. Combustible construction materials in terms of flame spread on the surface are divided

into four groups: RP1 (non-spreading); RP2 (slow-spreading); RP3 (moderately-spreading); RP4 (fast-spreading). Groups of construction materials in terms of flame spread are identified, for surface layers

of roofing and floors, including carpeting, in accordance with GOST 30444.For other construction materials the group of flame spread is not identified nor standardized.3.7. Combustible construction materials in terms of smoke-producing ability are divided

into three groups: D1 (with low smoke-producing ability); D2 (with moderately smoke-producing ability); D3 (with high smoke-producing ability).Groups of construction materials in terms of smoke-producing ability are identified in

accordance with GOST 12.1.044.3.8. Combustible construction materials in terms of the toxicity of combustible products are

divided into four groups:

Т1 (low toxic); Т2 (moderately toxic); Т3 (highly toxic); Т4 (extremely toxic).Groups of construction materials in terms of the toxicity of combustible products are

identified in accordance with GOST 12.1.044.

Building Structures

3.9. Building structures are characterized by fire-resistance and fire hazard. Fire-resistance rating appears to be a fire-resistance index, the fire hazard of the structure is

characterized by its fire hazard class.Minimum fire-resistance ratings and types of fire barriers or their components shall be

assumed in accordance with table 1.For multifunctional buildings the minimum fire-resistance ratings according to bearing

capacity loss shall be assumed in accordance with table 4 of chapter 7.

Table 1

Fire barriersType of fire

barriers or their components

Minimum fire-resistance of fire barriers or their components, hr

Fire walls 1 2

2.5 0.75

Fire-break partitions 1 2

0.75 0.25

Fire floors 1 23

2.51

0.75Fire doors and windows 1

23

1.2 0.60.25

Fire gates, hatches, valves 1 2

1.2 0.6

Vestibule-sluices Components of vestibule-sluices: fire-break partitions fire floors fire doors

132

0.750.750.6

Fire zones (see 3.23)Components of fire zone: fire walls, separating zone from fire compartments fire-break partitions inside zone columns fire floors roof components external walls

1

22-3--

-

0.750.252.5 0.750.75 0.75

3.10. Fire-resistance rating of building structures is identified by time (in hours) of oncoming one or successively several features of ultimate conditions, standardized for this structure:

loss of bearing capacity; loss of integrity; loss of heat insulating ability.

Fire-resistance rating of building structures and their notation conventions are identified in accordance with GOST 30247. In this case the fire-resistance rating of windows is identified only by time of oncoming loss of integrity.

Tests of building structures for flame spread shall be staged in accordance with GOST 30444 and Appendix 2 of this document.

3.11. In terms of fire hazard building structures are divided into four classes: К0 (non-fire hazardous); К1 (low-fire hazardous); К2 (moderately-fire hazardous); К3 (fire hazardous).Fire hazard class is established in accordance with GOST 30403.

Fire barriers

3.12. Fire barriers are designed for preventing spread of fire and combustible products from the spaces or fire compartments with a seat of fire to other spaces.

Fire barriers include fire walls, partitions, floors, zones, vestibule-sluices. doors, windows, hatches and valves.

3.13. Fire barriers are characterized by fire resistance and fire hazard.The fire resistance of a fire barrier is defined by its fire resistance of its components: enclosing parts; structures, ensuring the stability of the barrier; structures, supporting it; mounting attachments between them. The fire-resistance ratings of structures, ensuring barrier stability, its supporting structures

and mounting attachments between them in terms of bearing capacity loss should be no less than the required fire-resistance rating of the enclosing part in the fire barrier.

3.14. Fire walls, floors, structures of fire zones and vestibule-sluices, as well as filling of light openings in fire barriers (fire doors, gates, hatches, valves, windows, screens) shall be made of non-combustible materials.

The minimum fire-resistance rating and types fire barriers or their components should be assumed according to table 1.

For fire barriers it is permissible to use gypsum boards with a frame of non-combustible materials and with the fire-resistance rating at least 1.25 hr for partitions of the 1 st type and 0.75 hr for partitions of the 2nd type. The junctions of these partitions with other structures should have a fire-resistance rating at least 1.25 hr and 0.75 hr, respectively.

3.15. The fire walls of the 1st and 2nd types shall be provided with fire doors, gates, windows and valves of the 1st and 2nd types, respectively.

Fire-break partitions of the 1st type shall be provided with fire doors, gates, windows and valves of the 2nd type, while fire-break partitions of the 2nd type -with fire doors and windows of the 3rd type.

In fire-resistance floors of the 1st type it is necessary to use fire hatches and valves of the 1 st

type, while in fire floors of the 2nd and 3rd types - fire hatches and valves of the 2nd type.3.16. Fire walls shall be supported by foundations and foundations beams, erected to the

entire height of the building, cross all the structures and floors.It is permissible to install fire walls directly on the building or structure frame, made of non-

combustible materials. In this case the fire-resistance rating of the frame together with its infilling and mounting attachments shall be no less than the required fire-resistance rating of the fire wall of the respective type.

3.17. Fire walls shall be raised above the roof: at least 60 cm, even if one of the components of attic or non-attic cover, except for roof, is made of combustible materials.

Fire walls may not be raised above the roof if all the components of attic and non-attic cover, except for the roof, are made of non-combustible materials.

3.18. Fire walls in buildings with external walls, made with the use of combustible materials, shall cross these walls and project beyond the external plane of the wall at least 30 cm.

3.19. When the external walls are constructed of non-combustible materials with band glazing, the fire walls shall separate glazing. In this case the fire wall may not project beyond the external plane of the wall.

3.20. When the building is divided into fire compartments, the wall of the higher and wider compartment shall be fire protective. In the external part of the fire walls it is permissible to arrange windows, doors and gates with non-standardized fire-resistance ratings at the distance of 8 m above roof of the adjacent compartment vertically and at least 4 m from the walls horizontally.

When locating fire walls or fire-break partitions in the areas, where one part of the building adjoins the other at an angle, it is necessary that the horizontal distance between the nearest edges of the openings, located in the external walls, shall be at least 4 m, while the parts of wall, cornices and overhangs of the roof adjacent to fire wall or partition at an angle for a length of at least 4 m shall be made of non-combustible materials. If the distance between the indicated openings less than 4 m, they shall be filled with fire doors or windows of the 2nd type.

3.21. Fire-break partitions in the romms with suspended ceilings shall divide the space between them.

3.22. Fire floors shall adjoin the external walls, made of non-combustible materials, without gaps. Fire floors in buildings with external walls which can spread fire or with glazing, located at the level of the floor shall cross these walls and glazing.

3.23. In cases envisaged in SNiP part 3 for relevant buildings and structures to divide buildings into fire compartments it is allowed to provide fire zones of the 1st type instead of fire walls.

The fire-proof zone of the 1st type is made in the form of an insert dividing the building over the entire width (length) and height. The insert features a part of the building formed by fire walls of the 2nd type that separate the insert from fire compartments. The zone width shall not be less than 12m.

In spaces located within a fire-proof zone it is impermissible to use or store combustible gases, liquids, explosives and materials associated with the formation of combustible dust.

In fire walls of the zone it is permissible to arrange openings on the conditions of their filling in compliance with 3.26.

3.24. Design solutions of fire zone in structures shall be assumed in accordance with SNiP 2.09.03.

3.25. Fire wails and zones shall retain their functions in case of one-sided failure of components adjoining them.

3.26. In fire barriers it is allowed to provide openings given that they are filled with fire doors, gates, windows, hatches and valves or when vestibule-sluices are made in them. The total area of openings in fire barriers, except enclosures of elevator shafts, shall not exceed 25% of their area. Fire doors and gates in fire barriers shall have sealing in frame ledges and self-closing devices. Fire windows shall be of a fixed type.

3.27. Vestibule-sluices should be provided with air overpressure according to SNiP RK 4.02.-5.

3.28. Fire walls, zones as well as fire-proof floors of 1st type should not be crossed by ducts, shafts and pipelines for transportation of combustible gas-and dust-air mixes, combustible liquids and explosives.

3.29. In places of intersection of fire walls, fire-proof zones as well as fireproof floors of 1st type by ducts, shafts and pipelines (except water supply, sewerage, steam and water heating lines) for transportation of media different from those in 3.28. it is necessary to provide automatic devices preventing spread of combustible products along ducts, shafts and pipelines in case of fire.

When laying cables and pipelines through enclosing structures with standardized fire-resistance ratings and flame spread limits, the gaps between them should be filled with mortar over the entire width.

Stairs and Staircases

3.30. Stairs and staircases designed for evacuation are divided into stairs of the following types:

1st – internal, located in staircases; 2nd – internal open; 3rd – external open; ordinary staircases of the following types: L1 – with glazed or open apertures in the external walls on each floor; L2 – with natural lighting through glazed or open apertures in the roof;smoke-free staircases of the following types: N1 – with an entry into the staircase from the floor through the external air zone by

open passages, in this case smoke-free nature of the passage shall be provided by passing via air zone;

N2 – with space air overpressure into the staircase in case of fire; N3 – with an entry to the staircase from the floor via vestibule-sluice with space air

overpressure (permanent or during fire).3.31. To extinguish fire and run rescue operations, external fire escapes of the following

types are provided: P1 – Vertical steel fire escape 0.7m wide, beginning from 2.5m height with stair landings

with exit to the roof. From 10 m height the fire escape shall be furnished with arches every other 0.7 m with a 0.35m radius of rounding and a center, spaced 0.45 m from the fire escape. The stair landing with the exit to the roof shall be provided with an enclosure of at least 0.6 m in height;

P2 – steel stairways with a gradient of 6:1 at most, 0.7 m in width beginning from 2.5 m height from the ground level, with stair landings at least every other 8 m and with railings. For ascending to a height of 10 to 20 m in the areas of elevation difference it is necessary to use fire escapes of the P1 type, for ascending to a height of 20 m and more – fire escapes of the P2 type.

Buildings, Fire Compartments, Spaces

3.32. Buildings and parts of buildings, separated with fire walls – fire compartments (hereinafter buildings) – are divided in terms of their fire resistance extent, structural and functional hazard classes. In terms of explosion and fire hazard – in accordance with RNTP 01.

Fire walls of the 1st and 2nd types are used to separate fire compartments.The fire-resistance rating of the building is determined by the fire-resistance of its building

structures and maximum fire spread over these structures.The functional fire hazard of the building and its parts (F) is determined by their designation

and specific features of processes accommodated in them.In buildings with the 2nd degree of fire-resistance for production and storage purposes it is

permissible to use columns with the ultimate fire-resistance of 0.75 hr.In the buildings with all fire-resistance degrees for separation of workplaces within the

spaces it is admissible to use partitions (glazed or with screens at a height of the blind part no more than 1.2 m, collapsible and extendable) with non-standardized fire-resistance ratings and flame spread limits.

3.33. Buildings and fire compartments are divided in terms of fire resistance degrees. The fire resistance degree of buildings is defined by the minimum fire-resistance of

building structures and minimum flame spread limits for these structures, according to table 2.

The approximate characteristics of buildings depending on their fire-resistance degree are adduced in Appendix 3.

The fire-resistance rating of bearing components in a building, which concurrently bring about the functions of enclosing structures, for example supporting walls, in the regulatory documents should meet additional requirements for integrity and heat insulating ability loss with due consideration for the functional fire hazard class of buildings and structures.

The bearing components of a building include structures which provide its general stability and geometric invariability during fire include: bearing walls, frames, columns, girth rails, arches, girders and beams of floors, junctions, stiffening diaphragms, etc.

The fire-resistance ratings of the filling in openings (doors, gates, windows and hatches, as well as lights, including rooflights, and other translucent parts of floor coverings) area not standardized, except for intentionally specified cases and filling of openings in fire-prevention barriers.

In case, when the minimum fire-resistance rating of the structure is 0.25 hr, it is permissible to use unprotected steel structures irrespective of their actual fire-resistance rating.

Table 2

Fire resistance degree of buildings

Minimum fire resistance ratings of building structures of building structures, hr above the line, and maximum flame spread limits over them, see (under the line)

Walls

Columns

Staircases, notch

boards, steps, beams and flights

of staircases

Plates, decking

(including with heat insulation) and other bearing

structures of floors

Cover components

bearing and of staircases

self-bearing

external bearing

(including of hinged panels)

internal non-bearing

(partitions)

plates, decking

(including with heat

insulation) and well

shafts

beams, trusses, arches, frames

I

II

III ;

IIIa

IIIb ; ;

IV

IVa

V Not standardized

Notes1. Flame spread for vertical and inclined sections of structures are given in parenthesis.2. Abbreviations “н.н.” means that the index is not standardized.

When suspended ceilings are used to increase the fire-resistance ratings of floors and roofs, the fire-resistance ratings of floors and roofs with suspended ceiling shall be determined as for a single structure, while the flame spread limit – separately for a floor or roof and for suspended ceiling. In this case the flame spread limit for such suspended ceiling should not exceed that of the established limit for protected floors or covers. Suspended ceilings should not have openings and communications, located under the ceilings, shall be made of non-combustible materials.

3.34. In buildings of I and II fire resistance degrees it is admissible to use partitions from gypsum board sheets with a frame of non-combustible materials with fire ratings at least 1 and 0.5 h, respectively. In common corridors, staircases, lobbies, hallways and foyers it is impermissible to paint the gypsum board sheets with combustible paints.

The doors of built-in cabinets for location of fire hydrants can be made of combustible materials.

3.35. In buildings of all fire-resistance degrees the roofing, framework and grating of attic roof, floors, doors, gates, transoms of windows and lights, as well as finishing (including facing) of walls and ceilings, irrespective of standardized flame spread limits over them, can be made of combustible materials. In this case the framework and grating of attic covers (except for buildings of V fire-resistance degree) shell be subjected to fire protective treatment.

The quality of fire protective treatment shall be such that the loss of protected timber weight should not exceed 25% when tested.

In buildings with attics (except for buildings of V fire-resistance degree) when the framework and grating are constructed from combustible materials, it is impermissible to use roofing of non-combustible materials.

On premises used for production, application or storage of combustible liquids, the floors should be made of non-combustible materials.

In buildings of all fire-resistance degrees, except for V, it is impermissible to furnish a facing of combustible materials and covering of walls and ceilings in common corridors, staircases, lobbies, hallways and foyers with hot film materials, as well as construct floors of combustible materials in hallways, staircases and elevator lobbies.

In buildings of I-III fire-resistance degrees, it is impermissible to make external wall surfaces of combustible materials. Combustible materials (group G1) can be used for a hinged, ventilated facade if approved by the Construction Committee and supervision bodies.

3.36. In wall, partitions, floors and roofs of buildings it is impermissible to envisage voids, limited by combustible materials, except for the following voids:

in wooden structures of floors and covers, divided by blind diaphragms into areas of no more than 54 m2, as well as along the outline of internal walls;

Between a steel or aluminum shaped sheet and a vapor barrier, provided that the vapor barriers is followed by a heat insulation of non-combustible materials. With a heat insulation of combustible materials (including without a vapor barrier) these voids at the butt ends of the sheets should filled with non-combustible material to a length of at least 25 cm;

Between fire non-spreading structures and their linings of combustible materials at the spaces end, provided these voids are divided with blind diaphragms into areas of no more than 3 m2;

between facings of combustible materials and external wall surfaces of single-floor buildings with a height of 6 m at most from the ground level to the cornice and the construction area not exceeding 300 m2 , provided that these voids are divided with blind diaphragms into areas of no more than 7.2 m2.

3.37. Buildings and fire compartments in terms of structural fire hazard are divided into classes according to table 3.

Fire hazard of filling openings in enclosing structures (doors, gates, windows and hatches) is not standardized, except for specified cases.

Table 3

Structural fire hazard class of

building

Structural fire hazard class of building structures, not belowBearing bar-shaped members(columns,

girders, frameworks, etc.)

External walls from

outward

Walls, partitions, floors and atticless

covers

Staircase walls and fire barriers

Flights and stair landings in staircases

S0 К0 К0 К0 К0 К0

S1 К1 К2 К1 К0 К0S2 КЗ КЗ К2 К1 К1SЗ Not standardized К1 КЗ

3.38. Buildings and their parts, spaces or groups of spaces, functionally associated with each other, in terms of functional fire hazard (F) are subdivided into classes depending on the manner of their use and safety of people staying in them in case of fire with allowance for their age, physical conditions, possibility of being asleep, type of basic functional contingent and its number:

F1 For permanent residence and temporary (including round the clock) staying of people (spaces in these buildings are used day-and-night , the contingent of people in them can have different age and physical condition, the presence of bedrooms is characteristic of these buildings):

F1.1 Children’s preschool institutions, specialized homes for elderly and invalids (non-lodging), hospitals, dormitory blocks of boarding schools and children's institutions;

F1.2 Hotels, dormitory accommodations, dormitory blocks of sanatoriums and rest homes of a common type, camping areas, motels and vacation hotels;

F1.3 Apartment buildings and multifunctional buildings; F1.4 One-family houses, including town residential houses;F2 Entertainment and cultural-enlightenment institutions (primary spaces in these building

typically have numerous visitors at certain periods of time):F2.1 Theaters, movie theatres, concert halls, clubs, circuses, sports facilities with stands,

libraries and other institutions with the specified number of seat for visitors in enclosed areas;F2.2 Museums, exhibitions, dance halls and other similar institutions in enclosed areas;F2.3 Institutions, indicated in F2.1, outdoors;F2.4 Institutions, indicated F2.2, outdoors;F3 Public service establishments (it is characteristic of these enterprises to have a greater

number of visitors than that of servicing personnel):F 3.1 Trade facilities; F 3.2 Catering facilities; F 3.3 Railway stations; F 3.4 Polyclinics and ambulance stations; F 3.5 Establishments for homehold and municipal service (post offices, savings-banks,

transport agencies, legal consultation offices, notarial offices, laundries, fashion houses, ateliers for repairs of footwear and garments, dry cleaning, barbers and other similar institutions, including ceremonial and cultic organizations) with unscheduled number of seats for visitors;

F 3.6 Health-improvement complexes and sports training facilities without stands for visitors, household premises, public baths;

F 4 Educational institutions, research and design organizations, management institutions (the spaces in these buildings are used during 24 hours for a certain periods of time, where a permanent contingent of people with certain age and physical condition accustomed to local conditions is staying):

F4.1 Schools, non-school educational establishments, secondary special educational establishments, vocational schools;

F 4.2 Higher educational establishment, advanced training institutions;F 4.3 Establishments for regulatory bodies, design organization, scientific and research

organizations, banks, offices; F 4.4 Fire department; F 5 Production and warehouse buildings, structures and spaces (the premises of this class

are characterized by a permanent contingent of employees, including those, working round the clock):

F 5.1 Production buildings and structures, production and laboratory premises, workshops;F 5.2 Warehouse buildings and structures, parking lots without maintenance and repairs,

book depositories, archives, store rooms; F 5.3 Agricultural buildings.

Production and warehouse buildings and premises for explosion and fire hazard materials, depending on the amount of explosion and fire hazard and substances materials (handled) circulating in them, with due consideration for the specific features of production processes, accommodated in them, are subdivided into categories in accordance with RNTP 01.

Production and warehouse premises, including laboratories and workshops in the buildings of F1, F2, F3 and F4 classes, pertain to F5class.

4. SAFETY MEASURES FOR PEOPLE

General Provisions

4.1. These requirements for providing safety measures are aimed at: timely and unimpeded evacuation of people; rescue of people, exposed to fire hazardous factors; protection of people on the evacuation ways from exposure to the fire hazardous

factors.4.2. Evacuation features a process of organized independent movement of people outward

from the spaces, where they can be exposed to fire hazardous factors. Evacuation can also be considered as an adjective movement of people, pertaining to low-mobile population groups, which is brought about by servicing personnel. Evacuation is carried out via evacuation ways through evacuation exits.

4.3. Rescue feature a forced movement of people outward when they are exposed to fire hazardous factors or emergence of direct threat of this exposure. Rescue operations are brought about independently, with the help of fire-fighting teams or specially trained personnel, including with the use of rescue equipment, via evacuation and emergency exits.

4.4. People on the evacuation ways are protected by a system of space planning, functional, engineering and organization measures.

The evacuation way within a building shall provide safe evacuation of people via evacuation exits from this building, regardless of fire-fighting and smoke protection equipment used.

Outside the spaces the evacuation ways shall be protected, proceeding from the conditions of providing safe evacuation of people with allowance for functional fire hazard of spaces, leading out to the evacuation way, number of the evacuated, fire-resistance degree and functional fire hazard class of the building, number of evacuation exits from the floor and building as a whole.

Fire hazard of construction materials in the surface layers of a structure (finishing, lining) in the spaces and evacuation ways outside the spaces should be restricted, depending on the functional fire hazard of the spaces and buildings with allowance for other measures for protection of evacuation routes.

4.5. Measures and equipment designed for rescue of people, as well as exits, inconsistent with 4.9, are not taken into account when the evacuation process from all spaces and buildings are organized and designed..

4.6. It is impermissible to locate the spaces of F5 class as well as A and B categories under the spaces, designed for simultaneous staying of more than 50 persons and also in basements and semibasements.

It is inadmissible to accommodate spaces of F1.1, F1.2, F1.3 classes in basements and semibasements.

4.7. Smoke protection of buildings shall be in compliance with the requirements of SniP RK 4.02-05.

Buildings shall be equipped with fire alarm systems. The notification technique (equipment or organizational measures) is determined, depending on the designation of the building and its space planning decision in compliance with the requirement of SN RK 2.02-11.

4.8. The efficiency of measures for providing safety of people in case of fire can assessed by computation, reference appendix 12.

Evacuation Exits

4.9. Evacuation ways shall provide safe evacuation of all people staying in the spaces of a building via evacuation exits. The exits are regarded as evacuation ones if they lead:

a) from spaces on the first floor outwards: directly; via a corridor; via a lobby (foyer); via a staircase; via a corridor and lobby (foyer); via a corridor and staircase; б) from spaces of any floor, except for the first: directly into a staircase or to stairs of the 3rd type; into the corridor leading directly into a staircase or to stairs of the 3rd type; to a lobby (foyer), having an exit directly into a staircase or to stairs of the 3rd

type;b) to a neighboring space (except the space of F5 class A and B category) on the same floor,

provided with exits, indicated sub-items “a” and “b”, the exit into the space of A and B categories can be regarded as evacuation one, if it leads from a technical space with permanent workplaces, which is designed for servicing the above-indicated space of A and B category.

Exits from basements and semibasements, which are evacuation ones, shall be envisaged outward, separated from common staircases of the building.

It is admissible: to provide evacuation exists from basements via a common staircases with a

separate exit outward, isolated from the remaining part of the staircase to a height of one floor with a blind fire-break partition of the 1st type;

to provide evacuation exits from basements and semibasements with the spaces of V, G and D categories to the spaces of G, D categories, and to the lobby, located on the first floor of F5 class buildings in accordance with the requirements of 5.24;

to provide evacuation exits from foyer, cloakrooms, smoking rooms and toilets, located in the basements and semibasements of F2, F3 и F4 classes, to the lobby of the first floor via separate stairs of the 2nd type;

to provide evacuation exits from the spaces directly to the stairs of the second type, to the corridor or lobby (foyer, vestibule), leading to a similar stairs under conditions, specified in the regulatory documents;

to equip the exit directly out of the building with a vestibule, including a double one.

4.10. Exits are not of evacuation type, if sliding and lifting doors and gates, gates for a rolling-stock, revolution doors and turnstiles are installed in their openings.

Wickets in hinged gates are regarded as evacuation ones. 4.11. The number and width of evacuation exits from spaces, floors and buildings is

determined, depending on the highest number of people evacuated through them and ultimate permissible distance from the remotest place of possible staying of people (workplace) to the nearest evacuation exit.

Building parts of various functional fire hazard, separated with fire barriers shall be provided with independent of evacuation exits.

4.12. The following building and premise shall have at least two evacuation exits: G1.1 class spaces, intended for simultaneous staying of 10 persons; basement and semibasement spaces, intended for simultaneous staying of 15

persons;

basement and semibasement spaces, intended for simultaneous staying from 6 to 15 persons, it admissible to provide one of two exits in compliance with 4.21 g;

spaces, intended for simultaneous staying of more than 50 persons; F5 class spaces of A and B categories with the number of employees in the most

numerous shift more than 5 persons, those of V category – more than 25 persons or with an area of more than 1000m2;

open racks and platforms in F5 class spaces, intended for servicing equipment, with the area of the tier floor more than 100 m2 – for spaces of A and B categories and more than 400 m2 – for spaces of other categories.

F1.3 class spaces (apartment), located on two floors (levels), with the height of the upper floor more than 18 m shall have evacuation exits from each floor.

Evacuation exits shall be located in a distributed way. The minimum distance l between the remotest exits, one from another shall be calculated from the formula

,

where П – perimeter of the space.4.13. From the space with the area up to 300m2 , located in the basement or semibasement

floor, it is admissible to envisage one evacuation exit, provided the number of permanently staying persons is not in excess of 5. With the number of persons from 6 to 15 it is admissible to provide a second exit through a hatch with at least 0.6x0.8 m in size with a vertical ladder or through a window at least 0.75x1.5 m with a device for exit.

4.14. From buildings, from each floor and space it is necessary to provide at least two evacuation exits for buildings of the following functional fire hazard classes:

F1.1; F1.2; F2.1; F2.2; F3; F4; F1.3 with the total area of apartments on the floor, and for sectional building –

sections on the floor – more than 500 m2; with a smaller area (with one evacuation exit from the floor) each apartment, located at a height of over 15 m, besides the 1st evacuation exit should have a 2nd evacuation exit;

F5 of A and B categories with the number of employees in the most numerous shift more than 5, V category - 25 persons.

At least two evacuation exits shall be provided for basement and semibasement floors with the area of more than 300 m2 or intended for simultaneous staying of more than 15 persons.

In buildings 15 m high at most, it is admissible to provide 1 evacuation exit from the floor (or part of the floor, separated from other parts of the floor with fire barriers) of functional fire hazard class F1.2, F3, F4.3 with the area no more than 300m2 with the number of 20 persons at most and if the exit into the staircase is equipped with doors of the second type (table 1).

4.15. The number of evacuation exits from the floor shall be at least two, if the spaces on it are supposed to have at least two evacuation exits. The number of evacuation exits from the building shall not be less than the number of evacuation exits from each floor of the building.

4.16. With availability of two evacuation exits and more, they shall be located in a distributed pattern.

When two evacuation exits are constructed, each of them should provide safe evacuation of all people, staying in the space, floor and building. With the availability of more than two evacuation exits safe evacuation of people, staying in the space, floor or building shall be provided by all evacuation exits.

4.17. The height of doors in the clear in the evacuation ways shall be at least 2 m. The height of doors and passages, leading to the rooms without permanent staying of people

in them as well as to basements, semibasements and crawl floors can be reduced down to 1.8 m, while that of doors, which make up the entrance to the attic or atticless cover – down to 1.5 m.

4.18. External evacuation doors of buildings shall not have locks, which can not be unlocked from inside without the key.

4.19. Doors of staircases, leading to common corridors, doors of elevator lobbies and vestibule-sluices shall have appliances for self-closing and sealing in frame ledges and shall not have locks, preventing their opening without a key.

In buildings more than 4 floors high the indicated doors shall be blind or with reinforced glass. The width of external doors in staircases and doors to the vestibule shall not be less than the design width of stair flight.

Doors of staircases in the open state shall not reduce the design width of staircases and flights.

In all the cases the width of the evacuation exit shall be such that a stretcher with a lying person on it can be carried through an opening or doors with allowance for the geometry of the evacuation route.

4.20. Doors of evacuation exits and other doors in the evacuation ways shall be opened in the direction of exit from the building.

The direction of door opening is not standardized for:a) F1.3 and F1.4 class spaces; b) spaces with simultaneous staying of not more than 15 persons, except for spaces of A and

B categories;V) store rooms with the area not more than 200 m2 without permanent workplaces; g) toilets; d) exits to staircases of the 3rd type.Doors of staircases leading to common corridors, doors of elevator lobbies and doors of

vestibule-sluices with a permanent space air overpressure shall have appliances for self-closing and sealing of frame ledges, while the doors of vestibule-sluices with space air overpressure in case of fire and the doors of spaces with forced smoke protection shall have automatic devices for their closing in case of fire and sealing in frame ledges.

4.21. Emergency exits include:a) exit to the balcony or loggia with blind separation wall of at least 1.2 m from the butt

end of balcony (loggia) to the window opening (glazed door) or at least 1.6 m between glazed openings facing balcony (loggia);

b) exit to a passage at least 0.6 m wide, leading to the adjacent section of F1.3 class building or to the adjacent fore compartment;

c) exit to the balcony or loggia, equipped with an external stairs, connecting balconies and loggia at every floor.

d) exit directly outward from the room with a mark of a finish floor at least 4.5 m and + 5 m at most through the window or door with at least 0.75 х 1.5 m in size, as well as hatch with at least 0.6 х 0.6 m in size, in this case the exit through a blind area should equipped with a stairs in the blind area , while the exit through the hatch – with a stairs in the space, the gradient of these stairs is not standardized;

e) exit to the roof of the building with I, II, III fire-resistance degrees of S0 and S1 classes via window, door or hatch with the size and stairs according to item “d”).

4.22. Technical underfloor spaces, intended for laying utilities shall have insulated outlets outward through doors at least 0.75 by 1.5 m in size or hatches at least 0.6 by 0.8 m in size, equipped with vertical ladders.

With the area of a technical underfloor space up to 300 m2 it is admissible to install one door and a hatch, whereas for each complete or incomplete 2000 m2 it is necessary to provide one more door or a hatch.

Evacuation ways

4.23. Evacuation ways shall have natural or emergency lighting, regardless of emergency lighting source, SniP RK 2.04-05.

4.24. The maximum permissible distance from the remotest displacement point and for F5 class buildings – from the remotest workplace to the nearest evacuation exit, measured along the axis of the evacuation route, shall be limited depending on the functional fire hazard class and explosion and fire hazard category of the space and building, number of the evacuated, geometric parameters of the spaces and evacuation ways, structural fire hazard class and fire-resistance degree of the building.

The length of evacuation way via stairs of the 2nd type shall be assumed to be equal to its threefold height.

4.25. The evacuation routes shall be designed in compliance with the requirements of 4.9; they shall not include escalators and moving staircases, nor the areas, leading:

via corridors with exists from escalator shafts, via elevator lobbies and vestibules before escalators, if the enclosing structures of the escalator shafts, including the doors of escalator shafts, do not meet the requirements of fire barriers;

via “through passage” staircases, when the staircase landing is a part of a corridor, as well as via the spaces in which the stairs is of the second type and is not of the evacuation type;

via the roof of buildings, except for operational roof or specially equipped part of the roof;

via staircases of the 2nd type, connecting more than 2 floor (tiers) as well as leading from basements and semibasements, except for the case specified in 4.9.

4.26. In buildings of all fire-resistance degrees and structural fire hazard classes, except for the buildings of V fire-resistance degree and S3 class buildings, on the evacuation ways it is inadmissible to use materials with higher fire hazard, than:

G1, V1, D2, T2 – for wall, ceiling finish and for filling of suspended ceilings in vestibules, staircases, elevator lobbies;

G2, V2, D3, Т3 or G2, V3, D2, Т2 - for wall, ceiling finish and for filling of suspended ceilings in common corridors, lobbies and foyers;

G2, RP2, D2, T2 – for floor covers in vestibules, staircases, elevator lobbies; V2, RP2, D3, Т2 – for floor covers in common corridors, lobbies, foyer.In F5 class spaces of A and B categories, where inflammable liquids are produced, used and

stored, the floors shall made of non-combustible materials or the materials of G1 combustibility group.

4.27. In corridors, except for cases specified in the regulatory documents, it is inadmissible to place equipment, projecting beyond the wall planes at a height of at least 2 m, gas pipelines and pipelines with combustible liquids as well as built-in cabinets, except for cabinets for communications and fire cocks.

Corridors over 60 m long shall be separated with fire-break partitions of the 2nd type into areas, the length of which is specified in SniP RK 4.02-05, but it shall not exceed 60 m. The doors in these partitions shall meet the requirements in 4.19.

4.28. The level difference less than 45 cm and projections in the floor on evacuation ways are inadmissible, except for thresholds in door openings. In places of level difference it is necessary to provide stairs with the numbers of steps at least three or ramped approach with 1:6 gradient.

With the height of stairs more than 45 m it is necessary to provide enclosures with railings.On evacuation ways it is inadmissible to construct spiral stairs, stairs completely or partly

curve in the plane, as well as winding and curved steps, steps with different tread width and height within stairs and staircase flight.

The height of horizontal areas in evacuation ways in the clear shall be at least 2 m, the width of horizontal areas in evacuation ways and ramped approaches shall be at least:

1.2m – for common corridors, which can be used for evacuation of more than 15 persons from F1 class spaces, more than 50 persons from the spaces of other functional fire hazard classes;

0.7m – for passages to single workplaces;

1.0m– in all other cases.In any case the evacuation ways shall be such width that with allowance for their geometry a

stretcher with an incumbent person could be carried.

Evacuation via Stairs and Staircases

4.29. The with of flight, intended for evacuation of people, including that located in the staircase, shall not be less than the designed one or less than the width of any evacuation exit (door) to it, but not less than:

1.35 m – for F1.1class buildings; 1.2 m – for buildings with the number of people staying on each floor, except the

first one, more than 200 persons; 0.7 m – for stairs, leading to single workplaces; 0.9 m – for all other cases. 4.30. The gradient of stairs on evacuation ways is determined in the relevant part of SNiP.Stairs of the 2nd type shall meet the requirement, established by for flights and landings in

staircases.Stairs of the 3rd type shall be constructed of non-combustible materials and locate near blind

(without light openings) parts of walls of not lower than К1 class with fire-resistance rating at least 0.6 hr. These stairs shall have landings at the level of evacuation ways, enclosures 1.2 m high and shall be located at least 1 m form window opening.

4.31. The width of landings shall be less than the width of flights, while in front of the elevator entrances with single swing doors – not less than the sum of flight width and half-width of elevator doors, but not less than 1.6 m.

Intermediate landings in the straight flight shall be at least 1 m long.Doors, leading to the staircase, in the open condition shall not reduce the designed width of

landings and flights.4.32. In staircases it is inadmissible to locate gas pipelines and pipelines with combustible

liquids, built-in cabinets, except for cabinets for communications and fire cocks, electrical cables and wires (except for electrical wires for lighting the corridors and staircases), to build in spaces for any purposes, provide exits from freight elevators and freight hoists and also locate the equipment projecting beyond wall planes at the height up to 2.2 m from the surfaces of treads and landings.

In buildings up to 28 m high inclusive in ordinary staircases it is admissible to provide refuse chutes and wiring for lighting of the spaces.

4.33. In staircases, apart from smoke-free, it is admissible to provide not more than two passenger elevators, descending not lower than the first floor, with enclosing structures of elevator shafts from non-combustible materials.

In smoke-free staircases it is admissible to provide only heating devices.4.34. Staircases shall have exits outward to the territory adjacent to the building directly or

through the lobby, separated from adjoining corridors with partitions with doors. When evacuation exits from two staircases via a common lobby are constructed, one of them, apart from the exit to the lobby, shall have the exit directly outward.

Staircases of the N1 type shall have an exit directly outward.4.35. Staircases of the L1 type shall have lighting openings with the area of at least 1.2 m 2 in

the external walls on each floor.It is admissible to provide not more than 50% of internal staircases, designed for evacuation

without lighting openings in the buildings: F2, F3 и F4 classes – of the N2 or N3 types with air overpressure in case of fire; F5 class of V category up to 28 m high, whereas G and D categories, irrespective

of building height – of the type N3 with air overpressure in case of fire.

Staircases of the L2 type shall have in covers the lighting openings with the area at least 4 m2 with a gap between flights at least 0.7 m or light shaft to the entire height of the staircase with the area of horizontal section at least 2 m2.

4.36. Smoke protection of staircases of the N2 and N3 type shall be provided in compliance with SNiP RK 4.02-05. If necessary the staircases of the N2 type shall be divided in height into section with blind fire-break partitions of the 1st type with a passage between the section outside the volume of a staircase.

The windows in the staircases of the N2 type shall be fixed.4.37. Smoke-free passages via external air zone, which lead to smoke-free staircases of the

N1 type, shall be provided by their design and space planning decisions. These passages shall be open and shall not be located in the internal corners of the building.

When one part of the external wall in the building adjoins the other at an angle of at least 135о it is necessary that the distance along the horizontal line to the nearest door opening in the external air zone up to the top of the internal corner in the external wall could be at least 4 meters; this distance can be reduced down to the projection value of the external wall, these requirements do not cover the passages, located in the internal corners of 135о and more, as well as down to the wall projection of not more than 1.2m.

Between door opening of air zone and the nearest window of the space the width of separation partition shall be at least 2 m.

The passages shall be 1.2m high with enclosure 1.2m high, the width of the separation partition between door openings in the external air zone shall be at least 1.2m.

4.38. Staircases of the L1 type can be provided in buildings of all functional fire hazard classes up to 28 m high; in this case in F5 class buildings of A and B categories the exits to a floor corridor from the spaces of A and B categories shall be provided via vestibule-sluices with a permanent air overpressure.

4.39. Staircases of the L2 type can be provided in buildings of fire-resistance degrees I, II and III with structural fire hazard classes S0 and S1 and functional fire hazard F1, F2, F3 and F4.

In this case: such stairs in the F2, F3 and F4 class buildings shall be not more than 50%, the

remaining shall have lighting openings in the external walls on each floor; in F1.3 class buildings of the sectional type, each apartment, located higher than 5

floors, shall be provided a passage at least 0.6m into the adjacent section via an air zone or an exit to the external stairs with a gradient not more than 800 and connecting balconies on each floor up to the 5-th floor.

4.40. In buildings more than 28 m high as well as in F5 class buildings of A and B categories it is necessary to provide smoke-free staircases of the N1 type in the remaining cases it is necessary to conform to the relevant part of SNiP.

It is admissible: to provide no more than 50% of staircases of the N2 type in F1.3 class buildings

of the corridor type; to provide no more than 50% of staircases of the N2 or N3 type with air

overpressure in case of fire in F1.1, F1.2, F2, F3 and F4 class buildings to provide staircases of the N2 or N3 type with natural lighting and permanent air

overpressure in F5 class buildings of A and B categories; to provide staircases of the N2 or N3 type with air overpressure in case of fire in

F5 class buildings of category V; to provide staircases of the N2 or N3 type with air overpressure in case of fire as

well as staircases of the L1 type with their separation by a blind fire-break partition every 20 m in height and with a passage from one part of the staircase to the other outside the volume of the staircase in F5 class buildings of category G and D;

For buildings with the upper habitable floor, designed for two levels, it is admissible not to provide an exit to the staircase from the second level if the requirement of 4.21 are complied with.

4.41. In building with smoke-free staircases it is necessary to provide smoke protection of common corridors, lobbies, halls and foyer.

4.42. In buildings of I and II fire-resistance degrees of S0 class it is admissible to provide stairs of the 2nd type from a lobby up to the second floor with due consideration for 5.24.

4.43. In buildings below 28 m with functional fire hazard classes F1.2, F2, F3, F4 of I and II fire-resistance degrees and structural fire hazard S0 it is admissible to use stairs of the 2nd type, connecting more than two floors, if there are evacuation staircases required by the standards, and the requirements in 5.25 are complied with.

4.44. The requirements for smoke protection systems in buildings of functional fire hazard classes F1.3 (multifunctional buildings) shall be in accordance with appendix 5.

4.45. In buildings more than 16 floors high the elevators shall have the lifting capacity of at least 1000 kg and the ability of accelerated lifting in accordance with appendix 4.

4.46. Elevators and other mechanical equipment for transportation of people shall not be taken into account when evacuation ways are designed.

It is admissible to equip one of the elevators for use by fire-fighting teams in case of fire.Passenger elevators in staircases can be enclosed with metal mesh, partition of reinforced

glass and other non-combustible materials with non-standardized fire-resistance ratings, whereas the elevators located outside the buildings – only with partitions of non-combustible materials non-standardized fire-resistance ratings.

5. FIRE SPREAD PREVENTION

5.1. Fire spread is prevented by measures, reducing the area, intensity and duration of firing. These include:

structural and space planning decisions, preventing spread fire hazardous factors over the spaces, among the spaces, among groups of rooms of various functional fire hazard, among floors and sections, among fire compartments as well as among buildings;

limiting the fire hazard of construction materials, used in the surface layers of building structures, including roofs, finishing and facing works of facades, rooms and evacuation ways;

reducing explosion and fire hazard of spaces and buildings; availability of primary fire-fighting equipment (including automatic and imported

equipment), appendix 10; fire alarm and notification. 5.2. Parts of building, where the fire is hard to extinguish (technical spaces and floors,

basement and semibasement floors and other parts of buildings) shall be equipped with additional equipment, aimed to limit the area, intensity and duration of firing.

5.3. The efficiency of measures aimed at preventing fire spread can be assessed by technical and economic computations, based on the requirements in part 2 of the current established standard on prevention of direct and indirect damage from fire.

5.4. Parts of buildings, differing in functional fire hazard and fire-resistance degree shall be separated from each other with enclosing structures with standardized fire-resistance ratings and structural fire hazard classes or fire barriers. In this case the requirements for such enclosing structures and types of fire barriers are established with due consideration for the functional fire hazard of buildings, fire load, fire-resistance degree and structural fire hazard class of the building.

5.5. If the building has parts with different functional fire hazard, separated with fire barriers, each of these parts shall meet the fire requirements for buildings of the respective functional fire hazard.

5.6. In F5 class building the spaces of A and B shall be, if is consistent with the requirements of technology, located near the external walls, and in multistory buildings – on the upper floors.

5.7. Underfloor spaces under the buildings shall be single floor, except for multifunctional buildings and cases, specified by the relevant part in SNiP of buildings and structures. In basement and semibasement floors it is inadmissible to locate the space, intended for use or storage of combustible gases, stores of explosive substances and liquids, as well as inflammable materials.

5.8. Building structures shall not contribute to hidden spread of firing.5.9. Fire-resistance of a mounting attachment in the building structure shall not be lower

than the required fire-resistance of the structure itself.5.10. Special flame resistant coating and impregnating compounds, applied to the open

surface of the structures, shall meet the requirements for finish of the structure.Technical documentation for these coatings and impregnating compounds shall indicate the

regularity of their replacement or restoration depending on the operational conditions.To increase fire-resistance ratings or reduce functional fire hazard classes of structures it is

inadmissible to use special fire protection coatings and impregnating compounds in the places, excluding their regular replacement or restoration.

5.11. The efficiency of fire protection measures, used to reduce fire hazard of materials shall be assessed by testing to determine fire hazard groups of construction materials, established in part 3.

The efficiency of fire protection measures, ignored when steel structures are tested for their bearing capacity, can be assessed without static load by comparative test of column model of reduced dimensions at least 1.7 m high or beam model with a span of at least 2.8 m.

5.12. Suspended ceilings, used for increasing fire-resistance ratings of floors and covers, in terms of fire hazard shall meet the requirement for these floors and covers.

Fire-break partition in the spaces with suspended ceilings shall separate the space under above them.

In the space behind the suspended ceiling it is inadmissible to provide the construction of channels for and pipelines for transportation of combustible gases, air-dust mixtures, liquids and materials.

Suspended ceilings are inadmissible in the room of A and B category.5.13. At the interface of fire barriers and inclosing structures, including the places, where

building configuration is changed, it is necessary to provide measures for preventing fire spread, bypassing these barriers.

5.14. Fire walls, separating the building into fire compartments, shall be erected to the entire height of the building and prevent fire spread to the adjacent fire compartment upon breakdown of building structures from the fire seat side.

5.15. During fire the opening of in the fire barriers shall be closed.5.16. The windows in the fire barriers shall be fixed, whereas doors, gates, hatches and

valves shall have devices for self-closing and sealing of frame ledges. Doors, gates, hatches and valves, which can be operated in the open position, shall be equipped with devices, providing their automatic closing in case of fire

5.17. The total area if the openings in fire barriers, except for enclosures of elevator shafts, shall not exceed 25% of their area. Filling of openings in fire barriers shall meet the requirements of 3.26 and the requirement of this part.

In fire barriers, separating rooms of A and B categories from rooms of other categories, corridors, staircases and elevator lobbies, it is necessary to provide vestibule-sluices with permanent air overpressure in accordance with SNiP RK 4.02-05. Construction of common vestibule-sluices for two rooms and more of the indicated categories is impermissible.

5.18. If it is impossible to construct vestibule-sluices in fire barriers, separating rooms of A and B categories from other rooms or doors, gates, hatches and valves – in fire barriers, separating rooms of V category from other rooms, it is necessary to provide a system of measures to prevent

fire spread, penetration of combustible gases, vapors of volatile inflammable and combustible liquids, dust, fibers, capable to form explosive concentration, into adjacent floors and rooms.. The efficiency of these measures should substantiated.

In the openings of fire barriers, which can not be closed by fire doors or gates, for communication between adjacent rooms of V, G and D categories it is admissible to provide open vestibules, equipped with automatic fire-fighting systems. The enclosing structures of these vestibules shall be fireproof.

5.19. The openings in the fire barriers shall be filled with non-combustible materials.Doors, gates, hatches and valves can be constructed by using materials with combustibility

group not below G3, protected by non-combustible materials at least 40 mm thick.Doors of vestibule-sluices, doors, gates and hatches in fire barriers, facing the rooms, not

used for application and storage of combustible gases, liquids and materials, without processes, associated with formation of inflammable dust, can be constructed of materials of combustibility group G3 at least 40 mm thick without voids.

5.20. The enclosing structures of elevator shafts (except for those, indicated in 4.33) and mechanical equipment rooms for elevators (except for those located on the roof), as well as channels, shafts and niches for laying communications shall meet the requirements for fire-break partitions of the 1st type and barriers of the 3rd type. Fire resistance rating of enclosing structures between elevator shafts and mechanical equipment rooms for elevators is not standardized.

If it is impossible to construct fire doors in the enclosures of elevator shafts, it is necessary to provide vestibules or lobbies with fire-break partitions of the 1st type and fire barriers of the 3rd

type or screens, automatically closing the door openings if the elevator shafts in case of fire. Such screens shall be constructed of non-combustible materials and their fire-resistance rating shall be at least 0.75 hr.

5.21. In buildings with smoke-free staircases it is necessary to provide automatic smoke protection of elevator shafts, having no vestibule-sluices with air overpressure in case of fire in the exits from these shafts.

Refuse chute shafts shall be constructed of non-combustible materials.5.22. Stairs from basement (or semibasement) floor, the rooms of which are employed for

handling or storing combustible materials, leading to the rooms of the first floor (4.42), shall be enclosed with fire-break partitions of the 1st type with construction of vestibule-sluices with air overpressure in case of fire.

In F5 class buildings the exit from the basement (or semibasement) floor with rooms of V4, G and D categories can be provided to the first floor with the rooms of the same categories without construction of vestibule-sluices.

In F2, F3, F4 class buildings the exits to the first floor, vestibules, cloakrooms, smoking rooms and toilets, located in the basement or (semibasement) are admissible without construction of vestibule-sluices.

5.23. When constructing stairs of the 2nd type, leading from a vestibule to the second floor, the vestibule shall be separated from corridors and adjacent rooms with fire-break partitions of the 1st type.

5.24. The room, in which the stairs of the 2nd type is located, specified in 4.43, shall be separated from the adjacent corridors and other rooms with fire-break partitions of the 1st type. The room with the stairs of the 2nd type may not be separated with fire-break partitions, provided that:

automatic fire-fighting system is constructed in the entire building; the building is not higher than 9 m with the floor area no more than 300 m2.5.25. In basements and semibasements before elevators it is necessary to envisage

vestibule-sluices of the first type with air overpressure in case of fire, if no air overpressure is provided in the elevator shaft.

5.26. The dimensions of the building and fire compartments as well as distances between buildings shall be determined, depending on their fire-resistance degree, structural and functional fire hazard class and fire load value, as well as with allowance for the efficiency of fire-fighting

measures, availability and remoteness fire-fighting services, their equipment, possible economic and environmental fire impacts.

5.27. Automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm shall be provided in accordance with SN RK 2.02-11.

6. FIRE EXTINGUISHING AND RESCUE OPERATIONS

6.1. Possible fire fighting and rescue operations shall be provided by constructional, space planning, engineering and organization measures.

These include: construction of fire driveways and access road for fire-fighting machinery,

combined with functional or special drives and access routes; construction of external fire escapes and other ways of lifting the personnel of

fire-fighting teams and equipment on the floor and roof of buildings, including the construction of elevators, operating in a “transportation of fire-fighting teams” mode;

construction of a special water pipeline, including that combined with domestic or special, and if necessary, the construction of dry pipe sprinkler systems and fire tanks (reservoirs);

smoke protection of routes for fire-fighting teams inside the building; equipment of a building if necessary for using personal and collective rescue of

people; territorial stationing of a fire-fighting settlement or fire protection department with

the required number of personnel and fire-fighting equipment, meeting the requirements for fire suppression in the areas, located within the radius of their operation.

Choice of these measures depends on fire-resistance degree, structural and functional fire hazard class of the building.

6.2. Driveways for primary and special fire trucks shall be provided in compliance with the requirements of SNiP RK 3.01-01, SNiP II-89, SNiP II-97.

6.3. For buildings 10 m high and more up to the cornice of the roof or top of the external wall (parapet) it is necessary to provide exits to the roof from staircases directly or via the attic, except the heated one, or via stairs of the 3rd type, or via external fire escapes.

The number of exits to the roof and their location shall be envisaged in relation to the functional fire hazard and dimensions of the building, but not less than one exit:

for each complete or incomplete 100 m length of the building with attic cover and not less than one exit for each complete or incomplete 1000 m2 area of building roof with atticless cover for F1, F2, F3 and F4 class buildings;

via fire escapes every other 200 m in perimeter of F5 class buildings. It is admissible to provide: fire escapes on the main facade of the building, if the width of the building is not in

excess of 150 m, and the side opposite the main facade there is a fire water pipeline; exit to the roof of single-floor buildings with cover not more than 100m2 in area.6.4. In the attics of buildings, except for F1.4 class building, it is necessary to envisage exits

to the roof, equipped stationary stairs, via doors, hatches or dormer windows at least 0.6х0.8 m in size.

Exits from staircases to the roof or attic shall be provided via flights with landings before the exit, via fire doors of the 2nd type at least 0.75х1.5 m in size. The indicated flights and landings can be of steel shall be inclined not more than 2 1 and at least 0,9 m wide.

In F1, F2, F3 and F4 class buildings up to 15 m high it is admissible to construct exits to the attic or roof from staircases via fire hatches of the 2nd type 0.6х0.8 m in size by steel fixed stepladders.

6.5. In crawl floors, including underfloor spaces and penthouses, the height of passage in the clear shall be at least 1.8 m; in the attics along the entire building – at least 1.6 m. The width of

these passages shall be at least 1.2 m. In certain section, extending 2 m at most, it is admissible to reduce the passage height down to at least 1.2 m and the width down to 0.9 m.

6.6. In buildings with mansards it is necessary to envisage hatches in inclosing structures of attic pockets.

6.7. In places of roof height difference (including those for lifting aeration lanterns) more than 1 m it is necessary to provide fire escapes.

No fire escapes shall be provided when the roof height difference is more than 10 m, if each part of the roof more than 100m2 has its own exit to the roof, meeting the requirements of 6.3, or the height of the lower roof part, specified in 6.3, is not in excess of 10m.

To ascent to a high from 10 m to 20 m and in the places of height roof difference from 1 to 20 m it is necessary to use fire escapes of the P1 type, to ascent to a height of more than 20 m and at the places of height difference more than 20 m – fire escapes of the P2 types.

Fire escapes shall be constructed from non-combustible materials, located not closer than 1 m from windows and shall be designed for their use by fire-fighting teams.

6.8. A gap clearance in plan view in the clear at least 75 mm shall be provided between stair flights and enclosure railings of stair flights.

6.9. In each fire compartment of F1 class buildings above 5 m, buildings of all functional fire hazard classes higher than 28 m (except for F1.3 class buildings) it is necessary to provide elevators for transportation fire-fighting teams, which meet the requirements of the fire code.

6.10. In buildings with a roof gradient up to 12 % inclusive, height from the cornice or top of external surface (parapet) more than 10 m, as well as with a roof gradient more than 12 % and height to the cornice more than 7 m it is necessary to provide enclosures on the roof in accordance with GOST 25772.

The requirements of this standard cover the enclosure of stairs, balconies, loggias, open galleries and landings.

6.11. A fire department shall be located on the territory in compliance with the requirements of SNiP RK 3.01-01 and SNiP II-89.

6.12. Construction of the fire water pipeline and other stationary fire-fighting equipment shall be necessitated in relation to the fire-resistance degree structural and functional fire hazard classes of the building, value and fire and explosion hazard of temporary fire load.

The requirements for internal fire water pipeline systems shall be in accordance with appendix 7.

6.13. It is necessary to ensure a guaranteed access to fire water pipeline systems of buildings for fire-fighting teams and their equipment.

7. FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR MULTIFUNCTIONAL BUILDINGS

General Requirement

7.1. The area for location of a multifunctional building shall be established on the basis of specific architectural and urban development situation.

7.2. Minimum distances between apartment houses, public buildings and residential and public buildings shall be assumed in accordance with the requirements of appendix 1 of SNiP RK 3.01-01.

7.3. When the total area for constructing a group of buildings and the area between them is equal (or smaller) to the maximum permissible are of the floor between fire walls of the 1 st type (for buildings of this group, having the lowest fire-resistance degree) the distances between buildings are not standardized.

7.4. Access drive for fire trucks shall be provided: in accordance with SNiP RK 3.01-01; to primary evacuation ways from the building;

to entrances, leading to elevators for fire-fighting teams (fire elevators), appendix 4.

Access drives for fire aerial ladders and car lifts to the facades of a building can be designed by operational roofs of stylobates and additional buildings, designed for relevant loads.

It is admissible to envisage an access route for fire aerial ladders and car lifts to the building only from one side (to longitudinal facade, facades – with angular assumption) in cases:

when the building is equipped with the entire fire protection system (FPS) in accordance with 7.35;

when apartments or rooms are biaxially oriented; when external stairs are constructed to connect loggia (balconies) on each floor, or

stairs of the 3rd type for corridor system planning.Multifunctional buildings, having the total site development area of 9 ha and more, shall be

designed with construction of circular detour around the perimeter of the site development. The distance between the main body of the circular road and the buildings located on the periphery shall not exceed 50 m.

7.5. When designing multifunctional buildings, it is necessary to provide through driveways (or tunnels) for fire trucks every 300 m in front.

With the construction of drives in and out, entrances and exits from tunnels to adjacent blocks when the tunnels are more than 100 m (without interruption) it is necessary to provide in them:

installation of one fire hydrant and one fire cock in a 100 m of tunnel stretch; construction of TV control; equipment with a smoke protection system, which can be combined with ventilation

system, conforming to the requirements of SNiP RK 4.02-05 and appendix 5; communication of tunnels and adjacent sites shall be provided via vestibules,

external doors of which shall made fireproof with fire-resistance rating at lest 0.6 hr.7.6. Multifunctional buildings higher than 50 m (from the average elevation mark of the

access drive for fire trucks to the floor of the upper story) shall be equipped with the entire FPS complex in accordance with 7.35.

7.7. Multifunctional buildings, except for those which are not covered by diplomatic immunity, shall be equipped with security systems.

7.8. The fire-resistance degree of multifunctional buildings shall be established in compliance with the current standards.

7.9. Multifunctional buildings higher than 16 floors shall have a special fire-resistance degree.

The requirements for building structures of the special fire-resistance degree are set forth in . 7.16 of the current standards.

Multifunctional buildings higher than 30 floors shall be designed on the condition of their location at a distance of up to 2 km from a fire department, equipped with fire areal ladders or mobile aerial tower at least 50 m high or a high pressure autopump.

Requirement for Building Components

7.10. Basements with two or more floors shall be protected by automatic extinguishing installations and other fire protection equipment in compliance with SNiP RK 3.02-02 and the current standards.

7.11. Construction of atriums is admissible in a building or in its part, separated into a fire compartment, which are equipped with FPS in accordance with the current standards. When the fire wall is replaced by a deluge system (7.15), the fire compartment, separated by the indicated deluge system from the fire compartment with the atrium, shall also be equipped with FPS system. Atriums shall be designed in compliance with the requirements set forth in appendix 13.

7.12. Multifloor buildings shall be divided vertically into fire compartments; the height of such compartment shall not exceed 30 floors, it shall be furnished with independent FPS sections and a fire-fighting station (appendix 6).

7.13. The greatest area of a floor between fire walls in multifunctional buildings higher than 16 floors can be no more than 3000 m2 when hotel rooms, suit of rooms and apartments are arranged and not more than 4000m 2 in the remaining cases.

The area of underground floors between fire walls is not to exceed 4000 m2 (irrespective of the number of floors above ground). Th fire-resistance of fire walls ion the under ground parts of buildings and structures shall be at least 2.5 hr.

7.14. In multifunctional buildings the rooms, regardless of their purpose, designed for simultaneous staying of 500 persons and stores with a marketing area of 4000 m2 and more shall be separated from other rooms with fire walls and floors with fire-resistance rating of at least 3 hr. Hotels and residential parts of multifunctional buildings shall be isolated into a fire compartment, except for functional buildings with a total area of at least 4000 m2.

Th fire-resistance rating of doors and sliding partitions in fire walls of the first type shall be at least 1.2 hr.

The doors of smoke-free staircases of the 2nd type shall have a fire-resistance degree of at least 0.5 hr.

7.15. Communication between fire compartments can brought about: horizontally – through the openings, protected with fire doors (with sliding

partitions, gates); vertically – via smoke-free and elevator staircases with air overpressure during

fires with doors having a fire-resistance rating of at least 1 hr.Instead of wire walls for solution of architectural, planning and functional problems, it is

admissible as an exception to construct deluge systems in two lines, spaced 0.5 meters from each other and providing the sprinkling intensity of the least l/s per running meter of deluge for at least 1 hr of operation..

7.16. The structures of multifunctional buildings (more than 16 floors high) of a special fire-resistance degree shall be made of non-combustible materials and meet the requirements of table 4.

Table 4# Structure Minimum of fire resistance rating, in terms of loss

bearing capacity or breakdown

heat insulating ability

integrity

1 2 3 4 51.1.1.1.2.1.3.

Bearing wallsExternalInternalFire

34

34

34

N.s.1

Per item 534

N.s.Per item 534

2. Column 34 N.s. N.s.3.3.1.3.2.3.3.

Self-bearingExternalInternalFire

1.51.534

N.s.Per item 534

N.s.Per item 534

4. External non-bearing walls (of hinged panels) 0.5 N.s. N.s5.5.1.

5.2.

5.3.5.4.

5.55.6.

Internal nonbearing walls (partitions)Between residential apartments, suite of rooms, hotel roomsSeparating spaces from atrium; between corridor and hotel rooms, suite of rooms and residential apartmentsSeparating spaces for emergency generatorSeparating a saleshall with area more than 4000 m2 and other spaces of hall type, intended for simultaneous staying of more than 500 personsSeparating a parking lot from other spacesSeparating elevator lobbies

1

13

321.5

1

13

320.5

1

13

320.5

5.7.5.8.5.9

Separating lobbies of fire elevatorsSeparating built-in dry heat baths from other spacesSeparating spaces of household service establishments with area of more than 300 m2, where inflammable compounds are used

21

1

21

1

21

1

6.6.1.6.2.

Staircase wallsInternal External

34

3420.5

20.5

7. Components of staircases and stairs (landings, notch boards, beams, flights)2 1 N.s. N.s.

8.2

8.3

Interattic and attic floor components:- beams, girders, frames, berms- plates, deckingsInterattic and attic above and under spaces according to item 5.3 and 5.4:- beams, girders, frames, berms- plates, deckingsfire proof

32

333

N.s.1

N.s23

N.s.1

N.s23

99.1.

9.2

Roof components3

Intended for evacuation of people to the roof or via roof:- beams, girders, frames, berms- plates, deckingsOver other spaces- beams, girders, frames, berms- plates, deckings

21

0.50.5

N.s1

N.s.N.s.

N.s0.5

N.s.N.s.

101111.1

11.2

11.3

Wind bracesEnclosing structuresof elevator shaftsSame, on commercial floorsshafts of fire elevatorsSame, on commercial floorsCommunication shaftsSame, on commercial floors

As beams, girders,

1.5222.511.5

ramps, berms

1.5222.511.5

per it. 8 and 9

1.5222.511.5

1 not standardized;2 steel components of staircases of the 1st type and stairs of the 2nf and 3rd types can be constructed without

fire protection.3 roof of non-combustible material; when combustible damp-proof carpet is laid it shall be covered on top by

non-combustible material on top with filling of non-combustible material at least 50 mm thick;4 for buildings more than 100 m high the fire-resistance rating increases by 1 hr.

7.17. In buildings of special fire-resistance degree: exit doors from hotel rooms (suite of rooms, apartments) on evacuation ways shall

have sealing in frame ledges, except for the lower edge, the fire-resistance rating shall be at least 0.5 hr ;

doors of staircases shall have a fire-resistance rating at least 1 hr by integrity loss feature;

doors (hatches) of communication shafts shall be fireproof with a fire-resistance rating at least 0.75 hr;

it is admissible to use doors with non-standardized rating in communication shaft, intended only for water supply pipelines and sewer with the use of pipes of non-combustible materials and with sealing of their crossings with floors with non-combustible materials;

in other cases the doors, hatches and other filling of openings in enclosing structures with standardized fire-resistance rating 1.5 m shall be at least 60% of fire-resistance rating of the structures, but can not be more than 1.2 hr;

in the remaining cases the fire-resistance rating of doors is not standardized.7.18. Sliding partitions (gates) on evacuation ways under general conditions should be open

and have: manual, automatic (from smoke fire detector) and remote (from the central FPS central control board of - CCB FPS) drives for closing, automatic device for opening when confronting an obstacle in the opening in case the remote drive is actuated upon closing, as well as self-closing door with sealed frame ledge.

7.19. In buildings of special fire-resistance degree, the fire-resistance rating of pipelines (including that of dust cleaning and refuse disposal), not located in communication shafts and niches, shall be at least 1 hr.

7.20. In buildings higher than 16 floors the finishing and lining of walls and ceilings on evacuation ways shall be envisaged from non-combustible materials.

7.21. Floor carpeting as well as floor covering from other materials, not related to the non-combustible group, is admissible to use on evacuation ways (except for staircases) on the base of non-combustible materials, provided the index of fire spread over floor surface is at least 0.5 W/cm2 (< 40 cm) for buildings up to 30 floors high, inclusive and at least 0.7 W/cm2 (< 30 cm) for buildings over 30 floors high.

The fire load in the indicated buildings shall not exceed 50kg/m (based on wood).Carpeting in spaces with simultaneous staying of up to 50 persons inclusive shall have the

index of fire spread over floor surface at least 0.25W/cm (< 60cm) and 0.7W/cm (< 30cm) for spaces with simultaneous staying of 500 persons.

7.22. To arrange covers, including light transmitting one, over hall spaces and atriums in buildings more than 30 m high, it is admissible to use wooden structures with fire protection treatment. The quality of fire protection treatment shall provide weight loss of protected wood in tests not more than 25%.

Combustible roof shall be designed not closer 4m from the light transmitting cover.7.23. Rooflights when used in a systems of smoke removal shall have automatic, remote and

manual drives for opening, and when silicate glass is used – also a protective screen from underneath.

For rooflights it is admissible to use light transmitting organic-based materials, not forming combustible melts when exposed to flame.

7.24. Windows of spaces (including residential room in hotels), furnished with an air conditioning system, can be oriented to inner yards with light transmitting cover (atriums). In this case the indicated windows shall have a fire-resistance rating at least 0.5 hr or shall be protected by an automatic fire-fighting system, located over them facing the rooms.

In spaces, having two-way orientation (to inner yard-atrium and street) and access for aerial fire ladders and car lifts from the street, it is admissible not to provide automatic fire extinguishing.

7.25. The width and length of evacuation ways, the number of evacuation exits in buildings more than 16 floors high shall be designed according to part 4 of the current standards.

7.26. When determining the parameters of evacuation ways, the designed number of people in the building or room shall be increased 1.25 times as compared to the design capacity. This requirement does not cover spectator, education and other spaces with a regulated number of seats, nor commercial enterprises and public service establishments, where the number of customers (visitors) shall be assumed on the basis one person per 3 m2 area of salesroom or a space for visitors, including the area occupied by equipment.

7.27. When arranging doors, lockable according to operational conditions, on evacuation ways, it is necessary to provide them with locks of the “antipanic” type (appendix 1).

7.28. The evacuation exit is an exit to a flat roof, including that out of operation, on which it is possible to pass to another staircase. The route of evacuation way on combustible carpet shall be protected with non-combustible materials to a width of at least 1.5 m.

7.29. Corridors of buildings shall be divided in to section 60 m long with partitions with self-closing doors with sealed frame ledges, except for the lower ledge. It is admissible to separate

corridors into sections up to 90 m long, provided there is emergency smoke protection ventilation, providing the required efficiency of smoke removal.

7.30. Smoke-free staircases shall not communicate with one and the same section of the corridor (when the latter is divided into sections). Staircases and elevator shafts, providing technological (functional) connection

7.31. Staircases and elevator shafts, providing technological (functional) connection of underground and above ground floors can be designed not higher than the 3 rd above ground floor, excluding the indicated staircases from the account of evacuation ways. If there are more than 2 underground floors the staircases shall smoke-free of the 2nd and 3rd type, whereas the elevator shafts with air overpressure.

7.32. In buildings equipped with the entire FPS complex according to 7.35, 50% of above-ground staircases may be designed with an exit outward via vestibules (with the odd number of stairs – one stair less).

7.33. In multifunctional buildings more than 16 floors high exits from elevators on the floors (except those leading to a lobby on the first floor), shall be provided via elevator lobbies, which shall be separated from the adjacent corridors and spaces with fire-break partitions with self-closing doors, while the exits from fire elevators - via vestibules.

Elevator lobbies can also be separated from the adjacent corridors with sliding partitions according to 7.18.

Elevator cars in multifunctional buildings higher than 16 floors shall not be made of combustible materials.

In multifunctional buildings at the level of the 16th floor and higher the distance from the doors of the remotest space to the doors of the nearest fire elevator shall not exceed 60 m. Exit from the a fire elevator on the first floor shall be located in the lobby, having an exit directly into the street.

7.34. In case of fire:elevators shall automatically descent to the first floor and blocked (except for fire elevators):moving staircases shall stop automatically 3 min after actuation of fire detectors as well as

by a signal from CCB FPS.7.35. The fire protection systems of multifunctional buildings includes:a) smoke protection (appendix 5);b) internal fire water pipeline and automatic fire extinguishing (appendix 7);v) elevators for fire-fighting teams (fire elevators), appendix 4;g) automatic fire alarm (appendix 8);d) notification of fire and evacuation management (appendix 9);e) personal and collective fire protection and rescue equipment (appendix 10);f) space planning and engineering decisions, providing , timely evacuation of people and

their protection from fire hazardous factors;i) regulation of fire resistance and fire hazard of structures and finishing materials;k) structures, limiting fire and smoke spread (fire barriers, fire compartment, etc.).Fire protection systems (a, b, v, g, d) shall be supervised from one central control system

(CCB FPS), the requirements for which are set forth in appendix 11.The use of FPS (individual or integrally) shall be regulated by the current and effective

standards.With organization of fire safety service or availability of a fire-fighting department in the

multifunctional complex (also at a distance up to 1000 m) the fire protection systems can selected and used on the basis of assessing the probability of people’s exposure to fire hazardous factors in accordance with reference appendix 12.

Deviations in terms of using FPS are admitted, provided there are relevant grounds agreed upon by supervision bodies of state fire control.

No automatic fire alarm is required if there is automatic fire extinguishing system.

7.36. Ventilation and air conditioning systems shall be designed with the possibility of their independent control from the room where the user is located.

7.37. Types of heating devices are not limited.7.38. Internal fire water pipeline and automatic fire-fighting systems in buildings higher than

16 floors shall be separate.7.39. Dry pipe sprinkler systems brought outward shall be located not more than150 from

fire hydrants.7.40. In multifunctional buildings more than 16 floors height no FPS equipment is required

for auxiliary spaces with wet-mix processes (toilets, showers, pools, etc.).7.41. Transformers substations shall be located on the first, semibasement or on the first

underground floors with a direct exit outward. Only dry transformers shall be used..Power supply of fire protection installations in multifunctional buildings higher than 16

floors shall be from two independent transformers with automatic transfer from the primary over to back-up transformer. A diesel power station shall be provided as a back-up power source. The designing shall be carried in accordance with VCN 59 and VCN 60.

It is admissible to locate diesel power stations in the basement if the requirements, set forth in SNiP RK 2.04-09, are carried out and automatic fire extinguishing and smoke protection are provided. The capacity of diesel power stations and fuel reserves shall be scheduled for 2 hr operation of smoke removal and air overpressure fans, automatic fire alarm system, emergency and evacuation lighting, fire elevators and pumps.

Enclosure of channels for laying of electrical network for fire protection devices shall have a fire-resistance rating of at least 0.75 hr.

7.42. When the facades of buildings are equipped with hoisting devices for facade cleaning, the indicated devices shall not be intended for use by fire-fighting teams, including for rescue of people.

Appendix 1

DEFINITION OF BASIC TERMS

Fire safety – the condition under which people, property, ownership, community and state are protected from fires;

Fire – uncontrolled burning, inflicting damage to life and health, material damage to people, interests of community and state;

State fire supervision – special type of state supervision activity, carried out by officials of State fire protection service to control the compliance of requirements for fire safety and suppression of their violation;

Fire safety requirements – special conditions of social and (or) technical character, established for the purpose of providing fire safety by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, regulatory enactments of the authorized state body;

Violation of fire safety requirements - failure to carry out or improper observance standards, regulations and rules, established in compliance with the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan;

Fire safety measures – activities aimed to meet fire safety requirements.Fire fighting service – complex of regulatory bodies, resources and equipment, created in

the established procedure, including fire-fighting teams, intended for preventing and extinguishing fires and running primary emergency and rescue operations, associated with them.

Collective (individual) shelter – space or place, where exposure of people to fire hazardous factors is ruled out for a period required for their rescue.

Fire-fighting station – a space for accommodation of primary fire-fighting equipment, individual and collective rescue devices, other implements, which are required in case of fire for personnel and fire-fighting service.

Fire compartment – part of a building, isolated from other parts of the building with fire walls and floors with a fire-resistance rating of at least 2.5 hr.

Collective rescue equipment – rescue equipment in case of fire, which can simultaneously be used by a group of people.

Individual rescue equipment – equipment for protection of the respiratory organs from combustion products; for independent descent from a balcony (windows), etc.

Atrium – part of a building in the form of a multilight space, going up through all the levels of the building, with floor galleries to which rooms of various purposes come out. Atrium, stretching horizontally in the form of a miltilight passage, can be called an arcade.

“Antipanic” lock – a door lock which enables the closed door to be opened without a key only from one side.

Light transmitting cover - cover, consisting of bearing structures and enclosure of light transmitting members or self-bearing light transmitting members.

Roof light (skylights) – a device of light transmitting materials, which is built into cover structures.

Multifunctional building includes rooms or groups of rooms of various classes in terms of functional fire hazard.

When designing multifunctional buildings it is necessary to meet the requirements for that functional fire hazard class, to which the relevant groups of buildings, buildings, parts of buildings or groups of rooms pertain.

Fire load is defined by ST SEV 446-77.Spaces of A, B, V, G, D categories – RNTP 01-94 Republican standards of process design.

Appendix 2

METHOD OF TESTING BUILDING STRUCTURES FOR FLAME SPREAD

Method of testing building structures and their components* for flame spread shall meet the requirements of GOST 30444 and the current appendix.

The limit of flame spread over structures, made of completely non-combustible materials, is to be assumed to equal zero without tests.

Diagrams of positioning building structure specimens for running tests for flame spread are displayed in charts 1-4.

1. Method Essence.Flame spread tests consist in determining the amount of structure damage due to its burning

beyond the heating zone – check zone. Flame spread over structures is determined on the bases of testing specimens in special fire furnaces.

2. Test Specimens:2.1. Test specimens of structures shall be made according to working drawings and

specifications for their production.2.2. Specimens of enclosing structures shall be at least 2х2 m in size. The length of bar

structure specimens shall ensure the possibility of their fixing according to diagrams 3 and 4.2.3. The moisture content of specimen materials shall be dynamically balanced with ambient

humidity at relative humidity 60 ± 15% and temperature 20 ± 10°С.2.4. Specimens with ribs and projections shall be placed in the furnace in such a way as to

prevent flame spread in the check zone. 3. Test Running:

3.1. Structure specimens shall be tested for flame spread under local exposure to flame in a special mode.

3.2. Flame spread over bearing components (floors, roofs, columns, etc.) is determined in tests of unloaded specimens.

______________________________* Hereinafter – “structures”.

3.3. Tests shall be staged at initial temperature 20 ± 10 °C and air motion rate not more than 0.5 m/s'1 , provided the operational conditions of structures require no other test conditions. The temperature in the space, furnace and of the test specimen shall be stabilized 2 h before the tests are initiated.

3.4. The joints of slabs and panels of enclosing structures shall be in the heating zone with their extension to the check zone.

3.5. Installation of a specimen on the fire furnace and arrangement of thermocouples shall be carried out according to the diagrams displayed in Fig.1—4. A gap between the heated surface of the specimen and the external surface of the furnace shall be 5 ±0.5 cm.

3.6. Duration of specimen exposure to heat is 15min ± 30s. At the end of this time, the flame in the furnace is extinguished, and not later than in 2 min it is necessary to remove the specimen from the furnace or to insert a heat-insulating screen into the gap between the specimen and the fire box.

3.7. Specimen conditions and its damage due to burning shall be inspected in the check zone after it is completely cooled.

3.8. Specimens of enclosing structures, landings and flights in the course of their testing are to be exposed to fire from one side.

External and internal walls (including partitions) with asymmetrical section shall be tested separately on either side.

Slabs, floor and roof decks as well as suspended ceilings shall be tested by exposure to fire from beneath.

Landings and flights shall be tested in horizontal position separately on either side by exposure to fire from beneath.

Specimens of external and internal walls (including partitions) as well as landings and flights may be tested only on the side with admittedly higher flame spread limit.

3.9. Specimens of rod components shall be exposed to fire on three or four sides depending on the .operation conditions. Test specimens of steps shall be assembled in flights.

3.10. The dimensions of the check zone shall not be less than 0.75 m.3.11. During the tests it is necessary to control:temperature in the furnace;time of emergence and nature of development of cracks, holes and spalls in the specimen;time and place of joints opening in slabs, panels and other structure components;emergence of smoke and flame, discoloration and changes in the state of materials and other

features of structure behavior.4. Assessment of Test Results:4.1. For a flame spread limit it is necessary to assume the size of the specimen damaged

zone in the structure plane from the boundary of the heating zone perpendicular to it to the remotest point of damage (for vertical structures — upwards, for horizontal ones — towards either side). The results of measurements are rounded off to 1 cm to a higher figure. It is admissible to assume a limit of flame spread over the structures to be equal to zero, unless the size of specimen damage in the check zone exceeds 5 cm for vertical and 3 cm for horizontal structures.

Diagram 1Diagram of mounting a specimen of vertical enclosing structure on a fire furnace:

1 – fire furnace; 2 - specimen; 3 – fire furnace opening; 4 – mineral wool sealing; 5, 6 - thermocouples (thermocouples 6 shall be located at the boundary of the layer of non-combustible material nearest to fire furnace); 7- check zone; 8 – boundary of check zone.

Diagram 2 Diagram 3Diagram of mounting a specimen of

horizontal enclosing structure on a fire furnace:1 – fire furnace; 2 - specimen; 3 – fire

furnace opening; 4 – mineral wool sealing; 5, 6 - thermocouples (thermocouples 6 shall be located at the boundary of the layer of non-combustible material nearest to fire furnace); 7- check zone; 8

Diagram of mounting a specimen of vertical enclosing structure on a fire furnace:

1 – fire furnace; 2 - specimen; 3 – fire furnace opening; 4- thermocouples; 5- check zone; 6- boundary of check zone.

– boundary of check zone.

Diagram 4Diagram of mounting a specimen of horizontal enclosing structure on a fire furnace:

1 – fire furnace; 2 - specimen; 3 – fire furnace opening; 4 – mineral wool sealing; 5 - thermocouple; 6- check zone; 7- boundary of check zone.

Appendix 3

APPROXIMATE STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BUILDINGS IN RELATION TO THEIR FIRE RESISTANCE DEGREE

Fire-resistance degree

Structural performance

I Buildings with bearing and enclosing structures of natural and artificial rock materials, concrete, reinforced concrete with the use of sheet and slabby non-combustible materials.

II Same. It is admissible to use unprotected steel structures in the roofs of buildings.III Buildings with bearing and enclosing structures of natural and artificial rock materials, concrete,

reinforced concrete. For flooring it is admissible to use wooden structures, protected with plaster or non-combustible sheet materials as well as slabby materials. No requirements are imposed for roofing components in terms of fire resistance ratings and flame spread limits, in this case the components of attic roofing of timber shall be subjected to fire-proofing treatment.

IIIa Buildings predominantly with a frame structural scheme. Frame components – from steel unprotected structures. Enclosing structures – from steel shaped sheets or other non-combustible sheet materials.

III b Buildings predominantly single-floor with a frame structural scheme. Frame components – of solid or glued wood subjected to fire-proofing to ensure the required flame spread rating. Enclosing structures - from panels or of component-by-component assembly with the use of wood or wood-based materials.Wood and other combustible materials of enclosing structures shall be subjected to fire-proofing treatment or protected from exposure to fire and high temperatures in such a way as to provide the required flame spread limit.

IV Buildings with bearing and enclosing structures of solid or glued wood and other combustible materials, protected from exposure to fire and high temperatures with plaster or non-combustible sheet and slabby materials. No requirements for fire-resistance and flame spread ratings are imposed on roofing components. In this case the components of attic roofing of wood are subjected to fire-proofing treatment.

IVa Buildings predominantly single-floor with a frame structural scheme. Frame components – from steel unprotected structures. Enclosing structures – from steel shaped sheets or other non-combustible sheet materials with combustible heat insulation.

V Buildings with bearing and enclosing structures on which no requirements for fire resistance and flame spread ratings are imposed.

Note. Building structures given in this appendix shall meet the requirements set forth in table 1 and other standards of the current SNiP.

Appendix 4

REQUIREMENTS FOR ELEVATORS FOR FIRE-FIGHTING TEAMS

1. Elevators equipped for fire-fighting teams (fire elevators) shall have the lifting capacity at least 1000 kg with accelerated ascent in buildings higher than 16 floors.

2. Fire elevators shall be provided:at least two in a fire compartment of buildings higher than 16 floors;at least two in a fire compartment of buildings 10 -16 floors high and multifloor

underground space with two and more floors.3. It is necessary to assume the floor of the main entrance into the building as a basic

alighting floor for fire elevators. In buildings higher than 16 floors the location of fire elevators among elevators used for other purposes is inadmissible.

4. Fire elevator cars shall be made of non-combustible materials and equipped with two-way communication with the basic alighting floor. Loudspeakers or telephones on the basic alighting floor shall be installed close to the entrance into fire elevators and CCB FPS.

5. Control system of fire elevators shall provide operation of elevators in an ordinary mode of operation and in “fire hazard” mode. With displacement of fire elevator cars on the main alighting floor in a “fire hazard” mode, further control of elevators shall be carried out directly from cars. Independent control of elevators from their cars shall provide any number of possible stops. Doors of fire elevator cars shall not have light control devices.

6. Fire elevator control systems in building higher than 16 floors shall have electrical receiving sets of the 1st category. Power of electrical receiving sets shall be supplied from 2 independent transformers and a back-up source – diesel generator.

7. Smoke protection plenum ventilation of elevators shafts shall operate with outer air supply by land-based independent fans from the alighting floor level.

8. It is admissible to use fire elevators for the entire height of the building for servicing the above-ground and underground floors of the building. Doors of fire elevator shafts on each floor of the above-ground part shall be fire-proof with a fire-resistance rating at least 1 hr and equipped with sealing of frame ledges; entrances into fire elevators on each underground floor shall be provided via vestibule-sluices, serviced by an independent smoke protection plenum ventilation system with remote control in a “fire hazard” mode from a fire elevator car.

9. Under ordinary conditions fire elevators can be used together with passenger elevators.

Appendix 5

REQUIREMENTS FOR SMOKE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

1. Smoke protection is designed for providing the evacuation of people from rooms outwards and to fire-proof zones as well as for assisting successful fire suppression.

2. Smoke protection is represented by combined extract and input ventilation systems, cut in automatically in case of fire from fire alarm signals and remotely, as well as structural members with reduced smoke and gas permeability.

3. Exhaust ventilation for smoke removal in case of fire shall be provided: from corridors or hall (on evacuation ways) on all the floors of the above-ground

part in multifunctional buildings higher than 16 floors; from corridors longer than 24 and 12 m (on evacuation ways with two and one

exits, respectively), having no natural lighting through windows in external enclosures in buildings with two or more floors of the above-ground floors (except for corridors of the first floor);

from corridors of basements and semibasements; from atriums (appendix 1);

from underground garage-parking areas; from spaces of built-in electrical generator, operating on diesel fuel.

Note. For spaces, equipped with automatic gas fire-fighting installations and other rooms, it is necessary to provide plenum ventilation according to SNiP RK 4.02-05.

4. Plenum ventilation shall be designed with mechanical actuation. For spaces in the above-ground parts of the building, intended for simultaneous staying of 300 persons, it is admissible to provide smoke removal through transoms with automatic, remote and manual control drives.

5. For plenum ventilation systems with mechanical actuation it is necessary to provide: installation of radial fans in insulated rooms with enclosing structures, having a

fire-resistance rating at least 0.75 hr; it is admissible to use roof radial fans with protection of roof with non-combustible

materials, which is adjacent to the place of fan installation; shafts with a fire-resistance rating at least 1 hr for smoke removal directly spaces,

0.75 hr from corridors and halls. Combination of underground and above-ground parts of a building is inadmissible;

smoke valves with a fire-resistance rating at least 0.5 hr with resistance to smoke and gas permeation at least 8000 kg-1 -m-1 per 1m2 of cross sectional area with automatic, remote and manual drives; the relation of cross sectional area in smoke valves and shafts at smoke and gas permeation assumed in their design shall provide prevention of smoke pollution of upper floors in the building;

air ducts of class II with fire-resistance ratings, matching the fire-resistance of shafts; it is admissible to connect air duct branches to shafts of the matching fire-resistance ratings, including with arrangement of smoke valves in the niches of suspended ceiling enclosures.

6. The required parameters of plenum ventilation equipment shall be calculated for B parameters of outdoor air during a warm period of the year in case the fire starts in one of the rooms. The number of smoke valves, the motion rate of smoke gases shall be determined by computation.

7. In case of fore it is necessary to design plenum ventilation to supply outdoor air: to elevator shafts of the above-ground part, basement and semibasement floors of

the building when the number of floors is more than 2 as well as to elevator shafts, joining the underground and above-ground parts of the building;

to smoke-free staircases of the 2nd type and to vestibule-sluices with smoke-free staircases of the 3rd type;

to elevator lobbies when elevator shafts join the underground and above-ground parts of the building;

to corridors and access ramps of underground garages and parking lots; to vestibule-sluices in passages between buildings; to staircases of underground floor with 2 and more underground.8. For plenum ventilation systems it is necessary to provide: installation of radial and axial fans in separate spaces with enclosing structures,

having fire-resistance rating at least 0.75 hr; it is admissible to supply outdoor air when the fans are located underneath;

air ducts of class II with a fire-resistance rating 0.5 hr for air supply to the zones of smoke-free staircases of the 2nd type, vestibule-sluices and elevator lobbies;

valves in air intake and air supply channel apertures of plenum ventilation with automatic, remote and manual drives.

9. Smoke-free staircases of the 2nd type shall be zoned according to computation with excess pressure in the upper part of each staircase zone not more than 150 Pa.

10. Air supply to vestibule-sluices with a smoke-free staircase of the 3 rd type, to elevator lobbies of elevator shafts, connecting the underground and above-ground parts of the building shall be provided on the floor of fire. To supply air into the indicated volumes it is admissible to use

elevator shafts by connecting them to air duct branches with valves according to 8. In this case the doors of vestibule-sluices and elevator lobbies shall provide resistance to smoke and gas permeation at least 50 000 kg-1 m-1.

11. The required parameters of plenum ventilation equipment shall be determined at B parameters of outdoor air in a cold period of the year based on outflow velocity at least 1.3 m s -1

through the open doors of protected volumes according to item 7 at pressure values in them, matching the pressure on windward facades of the buildings.

12. For smoke-free ventilation it is admissible to use air conditioning systems, providing the design parameters and meeting the above requirements.

13. The space above suspended ceilings of a corridor shall be separated from the adjacent lobbies, vestibules and staircases with smokeproof partitions of non-combustible materials with sealing of gaps in the places where utilities pass.

14. When laying cables, air ducts and pipelines through enclosing structures with standardized fire-resistance and flame spread ratings it is recommended to use modular components of commercial-scale production to fill the gaps between them to ensure the smokeproofness of the places where utilities pass.

Appendix 6

REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRE-FIGHTING STATION

1. When the height of a building is more than 30 floors it is necessary to provide at least two fire-fighting stations. The arrangement of fire-fighting stations shall be envisaged on special premises, located:

on the 1st floors, adjoining FPS CBB spaces as well as no less infrequently than every 30 floors;

close to smoke-free staircases or fire elevators.2. Equipment of fire-fighting stations: foam fire extinguishers - 10 pcs.; dry chemical fire extinguishers - 10 pcs.; gas fire extinguishers - 10 pcs.; fire pressure hoses 20-30 m long - 5 pcs.; air pressure gas mask - 10 pcs.; flash lights - 10 pcs.; rescue equipment:a) collective;b) personal (for a period of construction on the basis of at least 50% of the maximum

number of workers in a zone);v) air mat (air cushion) - 1-2 pcs. in the lower station.

Appendix 7

REQUIREMENTS FOR INTERNAL FIRE WATER PIPELINE AND AUTOMATIC FIRE SUPPRESSION

1. A building shall have at least two outlets. The outlets are connected to different parts of a circular network.

2. Internal water pipeline network shall be circular.3. In buildings higher than 30 floors it is necessary to use a zonal scheme.

4. To provide safe work with a high-pressure firefighting hose it is necessary to provide installation of a diaphragm between the fire cock and coupling head. The head before the a high-pressure firefighting hose shall be at least 10 m.

5. Pumping stations with fire pumps shall be equipped with internal fire water pipeline as well as carbon-dioxide fire extinguishers and located not lower than the upper underground floor. A pumping house shall be isolated from other spaces with fire-break partitions with a fire-resistance rating at least 0.75 hr. The exit from the pumping house shall be provided directly outward or into a staircase, the pumping house shall have a light display “Fire-Fighting Station” over its entrance.

6. Water consumption for internal fire suppression and the number of jets are assumed in accordance with SNiP 2.04-01.

Appendix 8

REQUIREMENTS FOR AUTOMATIC FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS (AFAS)

1. Fire alarms shall be located in such a way as to meet the requirements (in terms of actuation time) for fire protection system, and the distance fire alarms according to SNiP 2.04.09 shall be reduced if necessary.

2. The types of fire alarms for spaces of various functional purposes shall conform to the response time of fire protection systems, calculated according to reference appendix 12.

3. The reliability of fire alarm systems is characterized by the level failure-free performance and maintainability. Failure-free performance of AFAS in buildings higher than 16 floors is assessed by the probability of failure-free operation (OFF) for 2000 hr. The quantitative value of OFF

is designated on the basis of providing safety of people according to reference appendix 12.4. AFAS systems shall have output signals for control of process, electrotechnical and other

equipment (apart from FPS).5. When laying utilities over suspended ceilings it is necessary to install automatic fire

alarms at the same place. The fire alarms shall be of address type.6. In multifunctional buildings higher than 16 floors the output signals for actuation of

automatic fire alarm shall be channeled to the nearest fire-fighting department.7. Signals, indicating that all FPS are actuated shall come to CCB FPS.8. In multifunctional buildings higher than 16 floors it is necessary to install a manual push-

button fire alarm on each floor next to evacuation ways.9. Automatic alarm receiving stations, located in CCB FPS, shall: decode the number of beam and fire alarm; control of the line and fire alarm; turning on the equipment and cut off power supply; automatically turn on fire alarm signals; automatically shut off ventilation in case of fire; ensure FPS actuation, including warning systems, zonally.

Appendix 9

REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRE ALARM EVACUATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (FAEMS)

FAEMS shall meet the requirement of SN RK 2.02-01.1. FAEMS shall provide: transmission of audible and necessary cases light signals to all the rooms of the

building;

translation of all the voice messages in case of fire (including in foreign languages);

transmission of massages about the place of fire emergence, evacuation ways and activities, providing personal safety, to certain zones of the building;

turning on of audible and light indicators of recommended evacuation direction; turning on of evacuation lighting; two-way communication with all the spaces of the building, where there are

personnel responsible for safe evacuation of people (administration, fire fighting service, police, engineering services).

2. In terms of control FAEMS can be semiautomatic and manual.3. In case of fire emergence in the building or structure FAEMS shall function during the

entire time of evacuation.4. FAEMS shall provide implementation of evacuation plans, developed for each building.5. Relaying system and equipment of FAEMS shall ensure the transmission of warning

signals simultaneously throughout the entire building (structure) and if necessary to separate parts (floors, sections, etc.).

6. The number of audible and voice annunciators, their location and power shall provide the necessary audibility in all the places, where people can stay. Annunciator shall not have volume controls and shall hook up to the network without detachable devices.

7. If a wire broadcasting center is available on the site, it can be used to warn the people.8. FAEMS shall ensure prompt correcting of control commands in case the conditions

change or normal conditions of evacuation are violated, for which apart from transmission of a phonogram it is necessary to provide direct relay of a voice notification and control commands through a microphone.

9. FAEMS shall be controlled from the central control board of fire protection systems (CCB FPS). The requirements for CCB FPS area given in appendix 11.

10. Wire broadcasting centers shall be designed with the possibility of incorporating them into FAEMS.

Appendix 10

REQUIREMENTS FOR PERSONAL AND COLLECTIVE PROTECTION AND RESCUE EQUIPMENT

1. The necessity to provide multifunctional buildings with personal and collective protection and rescue equipment is determined by computations according to reference appendix 12. The indicated equipment includes: personal rescue devices, collective rescue devices, collective (personal) shelters.

2. Personal rescue devices, providing protection of the respiratory organs, are located in hotel rooms and offices.

3. The number and location of collective rescue devices are determined by the design.4. Collective (personal) shelters shall provide safety of people staying in them for a period

of time, required for fire elimination and rescue of people.5. The primary fire-fighting equipment is assumed in accordance with PPB RK 08-97.

Appendix 11

REQUIREMENTS FOR CENTRAL CONTROL BOARD OF FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

1. Functions of CCB FPS:control of fire protection systems;control of systems, not included into FPS, but associated with safety assurance in the

building in case of fire;coordination of all services, responsible for providing safety of people of fire elimination.2. CCB FPS shall be located in the building close to the main entrance in the space of the

basement and semibasement with exit directly outwards. CCB FPS can not be combined with an engineering service control room.

3. Enclosing structure of the room, where CCB FPS are arranged, shall have a fire-resistance rating at least 1 hr.

4. No mini-diagrams of FPS shall be arranged at the entrance to CCB FPS (at the main entrance on the building facade.

5. Power supply of CCB FPS shall be provided in the 1st category of reliability.6. CCB FPS shall have direct telephone communication with the nearest fire-fighting

station.

Appendix 12

METHOD FOR CALCULATING THE CONDITIONS OF PEOPLE’S SAFETY ASSURANCE *

1. General Provisions

1.1. The indication of safety level for people in case of fire (QВ) is the probability of exposure to hazardous fire factors (HFF) per person a year. Safety of people is considered assured, it the following condition is fulfilled:

(1)

1.2. QВ is determined for people, staying in any (each) space of a building, proceeding from the assumption that the safety level for all people in one room is identical.

QВ value for one space is determined, given one most favorable calculated situation. If determination of the most unfavorable situation does not seem possible, it is necessary to conduct calculations for two or more situations. In this case the greatest of the obtained QВ values is inserted into inequality (1).

1.3. Calculated situations depend on the place of fire emergence (relative to the space, for which QВ is calculated) and ways of HFF spread.

The following calculated situations are possible:

Spaces, for which QВ is determined Characteristic of calculated situationsHall spaces (stores, restaurants, movie theatres, casinos etc.)

a) Fire starts directly in the hall or spaces, associated with the hall via open aperture;b) Fire starts outside the hall, and HFF block one of the exits from the hall, spreading in the corridor, hall, lobby.

Business, residential and other premises leading to a common corridor (hall, lobby)Atriums

Fire starts in a space close to staircase, smoke spreads to the corridor (hall, lobby) and HFF spreads along the stairs (except for smoke-free stairs of the 1st type)Fire starts in the lower part of the atrium, HFF spreads over the entire atrium.

_____

* Calculation method is based on the procedure of GOST 12.1.004-85.

2. Basic Calculation Dependencies

2.1. QВ is calculated by the formula

(2)

where РЭ – probability of successful evacuation of people; Ri – probability of effective actuation of FPS i-th element; КB – probability of fire emegence and development.

2.2. FPS elements, taken into account in equation (2), include:automatic fire-fighting installations (AFFI);components of smoke protection of a building (SPB);fire alarm and evacuation management system (FAEMS);Automatic fire alarm is regarded as an integral part of SPB and (or) FAEMS.It is admissible to take into account the availability and efficiency of other systems, the

functioning of which enables the fire to be eliminated at early stages, provides safe movement of people on evacuation ways, enables them to be evacuated prior to blocking by fire.

2.3. Ri is determined from the table, depending on the type of equipment and nature of servicing the system.

Nature of system Ri for systems fire fighting automation

smoke removal and s/f stairs of the

1st type

smoke removal and s/f stairs of the 2nd and 3rd

type

warning of people

1. System is designed and produced by a foreign company. Service – by specialists of foreign companies (permanently)

0.98 0.98 0.96 0.9

System is designed and produced by a foreign company. Service – by specialists trained by a foreign company (permanently). Supply of spare parts by a foreign company (permanently).

0.95 0.95 0.9 0.9

System is designed and produced by a foreign company. Service – by domestic specialists, trained by a foreign company and supply of spare parts by a foreign company for: up to 5 years from 5 to 10 years more than 10 years

0.850.90.95

0.850.90.95

0.80.850.9

0.80.850.9

2.4. The probability of successful evacuation (Re) is determined by the formula

(3)

where РЭ – probability of evacuation via evacuation ways; РДВ – probability via other exits from a space, not taken into account when РЭП was

calculated or rescue with the help of personal equipment.2.5. REP is determined depending on the calculated situations, indicated below.a) Fire started in a space ( including a reading hall), for which QВ is calculated. If the parameters of evacuation ways and exits from a space meet the requirement of

standards, then the probability of РЭП is determined by the formula

(4)

where - time lag of FAEMS (time from discovering fire to relaying about the fire to people and the necessity of evacuating, min ( 2.7). For spaces with capacity of less than 100 persons, it is necessary to assume <0,5min. For spaces with the capacity 100 persons, non-equipped with reporting facilities over the radio, accept = 1.5 min. FAEMS time lag is determined in compliance with 2.7.

If in planning of evacuation ways there are decisions, not specified by the current standards, it is necessary to determine the evacuation time tP and the time of blocking the evacuation ways by fire by way of calculation, and check the condition of evacuation from the interrelationship

(5)

If the conditions (5) are fulfilled it is necessary to apply formula (4). If conditions (5) are not fulfilled, safe evacuation of people from the hall is not regarded as ensured; it is necessary to change the planning of evacuation ways or implement other decisions.

The evacuation time tP and the time of blocking evacuation ways shall be calculated by the methods, developed by leading organizations in the field of fire safety measures.

b) Fire starts outside the space, for which QВ probability is calculated.If the planning, parameters of evacuation ways and exits from the space, corridor (hall,

lobby), staircases meet the requirements of the current standards, the probability of evacuation is determined by formulae:

for people staying on the floor, where fire started

(6)

for people staying higher than the floor, where the fire started

(7)

With planning and structural decisions of evacuation ways, not envisaged by the current standards, it is necessary to check evacuation time tP and the time of blocking the evacuation ways by calculations and then determine the probability of evacuation REP from the following formulae:

(8)

2.6. РДВ probability is assumed to be equal to: 0.05 – if the space, for which the calculations are conducted, is located not higher

than 45 m and it contains one or several FPS elements of the following type: external evacuation stairs; passages via balconies (loggias) to the adjacent sections of the building; internal stairs, which are not evacuation ways, but leading to a space (part of a

building), where the calculated situation under consideration excludes the emergence of HFF;

individual rescue equipment for people and protection equipment for the respiratory organs.

0,01 – if the same FPS components are available, but for the space under consideration located above the 16th floor.

If the above resources are unavailable the РДВ probability shall be assumed to be equal to:0.005 – for spaces, located not higher than 45 m.0,001 – for spaces, located higher than 45 m.2.7. FAEMS time lag is determined by the formula

(9)

where , 2t , …, - time, spent for fire messages via 1st , 2nd and m-th communication devices, activated successively in the functional structure of FAEMS (for example, by phone to fire-fighting service - , via intercom network from fire-fighting service to administration - 2t , via intercom network further to a radio center .

If substantiated data are unavailable, time …, shall be assumed according to the table.

Communication device

Portable radio

Intercom network

Loudspeaker communication

TelephoneWith 3-digit number With 6-digit number

Message transmission time

ti, sec8 16 15 22 24

2.8. The required (maximum permissible) value of time lag can determined by

successive calculation of HFF impact on people QВ at different values of Rfaems. As a result the function is generated . The function value matches the

required time lag of FAEMS - the value at the probability FAEMS actuation - Rfaems.2.9. The probability of fire emergence and development КВ shall be assumed from the table

depending on the availability of preventive fire-fighting personnel (PFP) on the site or any other permanently operating fire-fighting service as well as allowing for a distance from the site to the nearest fire-fighting service (department):

Probability of fire emergence and development, КВ

Distance to fire-fighting department, km1 1-2 2-3 3-5

Without PFPWith PFP

0.0150.012

0.0170.012

0.020.015

0.0250.02

Appendix 13

REQUIREMENTS FOR DESIGNING ATRIUMS

1. Communication of spaces and corridors in the underground part of the building is permissible only vestibule-sluices with air overpressure in case of fire.

2. All the spaces, incorporated in the atrium, shall have at least two evacuation ways via a horizontal passage (gallery). If the space is designed for sleeping, the length of the evacuation way via the horizontal passage from the doors of this space to a protected evacuation exit, leading to a staircase, shall be not be more than 30 m. If the space is not used for sleeping, the length of such passage shall not be more than 60 m.

3. Floor structures of atriums shall be of special fire-resistance degree according to 7.16. Floor structures of atriums shall be made of non-combustible materials. The openings in the enclosing structures of atriums shall be glazed with soda-lime glass.

4. The internal surfaces of atriums shall be finished with non-combustible materials.5. The doors of rooms coming out to the atrium shall be self-closing and have fire-resistance

rating at least 0.5 hr.6. The largest height of atrium with a device of natural smoke protection shall not exceed

15 m.Smoke removal with mechanical actuation for higher atriums, except for air funneling the

upper part of the atrium, shall be provided from different levels according to the design diagram of smoke removal.

Smoke protection system of atriums shall include automatic shutdown of combined extract and input ventilation and air conditioning, if these systems are not operational in a fire protection design.

7. Smoke removal valves shall be opened automatically from signals of smoke and fire detectors, remotedly (from push-buttons, installed in staircases) or manually. Precipitation shall not prevent opening of the valves in roof.

8. A passage via the atrium from spaces not coming out to the atrium is not regarded as an evacuation way.

9. FPS control shall provide different versions (automatic and from CCB FPS) of FPS actuation, depending on the place of fire emergence: in atrium, on galleries, spaces facing the atrium.

10. The area of atriums shall not be divided with fire-break partitions.11. Atrium shall not be higher than 10 floors, the atrium floor can not be lower than 2 floors

below the ground level.

Appendix 14

A LISTOF STATE STANDARDS IN THE FIELD OF ARCHITECTURE, URBAN

DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION, TO WHICH REFERENCE IS GIVEN IN THE CURRENT SNiP

STD designation STD nameSNiP II-89-80*SNiP II-97-76SNiP 2.04.09-84SNiP 2.09.03-85SNiP 2.04-01-85*SNiP RK 2.04-09-2002

SNiP RK 3.01-01-2002

SNiP RK 3.02-01-2001SNiP RK 3.02-02-2001SNiP RK 3.02-04-2002SNiP RK 4.01-02-2001SNiP RK 4.02-05-2001SN RK 2.02-11-2002

General plans of industrial facilities General plans of agricultural facilitiesFire-fighting automatic equipment of buildings and structuresStructures of industrial facilitiesInternal fire water pipeline and sewer of buildingsCivil defense protective structures. Design standards Urban development. Planning and building of towns and rural settlementsResidential buildingsPublic buildings and structuresAdministrative and domestic buildingsWater supply. External networks and structuresHeating, ventilation and conditioningStandards for equipment of buildings, spaces and structures with fire

SNiP RK 2.04-05-2002SNiP RK V.2.6-3-2000PPBS-01-94

VSN 59-88

VSN 60-89

RNPP-01-94

PUEPPB RK 08-97

GOST 30247.0-94

GOST 30247.1-94

GOST 30247.3-2002

GOST 30402-96

GOST 30444-97

GOST 12.1.004-91*GOST 12.3.035-84GOST 12.1.044-89 SSBT

GOST 12.1.005-88

alarm, fire-fighting installations and fire warning systemsNatural and artificial lightingFloorsFire safety regulations for construction and mounting operations as well as hot worksElectrical equipment of residential and public buildings. Design standardsCommunication devises. warning systems, dispatching, engineering equipment of residential and public buildings. Design standardsCategory determination of spaces, buildings and structures in terms of explosion and fire hazardElectric installation codeFire safety regulations in the Republic of KazakhstanThe law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “Fire safety”Building structures. Fire-resistance test methods. General requirements.Steel enclosures of stairs, balconies and roofs. General technical specificationsBuilding structures. Fire-resistance test methods. Bearing and enclosing structuresBuilding structures. Fire-resistance test methods. Doors of elevator shafts.Construction materials. Flammability test methods.Construction materials. Flame spread test methodsFire safety. General requirementsConstruction. Painting operationsExplosion and fire hazard of substances and materials. List of indices and methods of their determinationGeneral sanitary requirements for air of working zones

CONTENTS

1. FIELD OF APPLICATION2. GENERAL PROVISIONS3. FIRE HAZARD CLASSIFICATION4. FIRE SAFETY ASSURANCE OF PEOPLE5. FIRE SPREAD PREVENTION 6. FIRE SUPPRESSION AND RESCUE OPERATIONS7. REQUIREMENTS OF FIRE SAFETY FOR MULTIFUNCTIONAL BUILDINGS

Appendix 1. Definition of basic termsAppendix 2. Method of building structures for flame spreadAppendix 3. Approximate structural characteristics of building in relation to their fire-

resistance degree Appendix 4. Requirement for elevators for fire-fighting teamsAppendix 5. Requirements for smoke protection systemsAppendix 6. Requirements for fire-fighting station

Appendix 7. Requirements for internal fire water pipelines and automatic fire suppression systems

Appendix 8. Requirements for automatic fire alarm systems (AAS)Appendix 9. Requirements for fire warning systems and evacuation managementAppendix 10. Requirements for personal and collective fire protection equipment and rescue

of peopleAppendix 11. Requirements for central control board of fire protection systems (CCB FPS) Appendix 12. Method for calculating conditions to provide safety of peopleAppendix 13. Requirements for designing atriumsAppendix 14. A list of state standards in the field of architecture, urban development and

construction, to which reference is given in the current SNiP