SNOWFLAKES can help us see why ice floats in water.A Ten- Minute

Highly Differentiated

Grade 9 Chemistry Lesson

Nicole Gall, email appleforteacher@hotmail.com; website www.mrsgallscience.wikispaces.com; twitter @appleforteacher

GLCEs

P.PM.01.21 Demonstrate that water as a solid keeps its own shape (ice).

P.PM.01.22 Demonstrate that water as a liquid takes on the shape of various containers.

P.PM.04.23 Compare and contrast the states (solids, liquids, gases) of matter.

P.CM.06.11 Describe and illustrate changes in state, in terms of the arrangement and relative motion of the atoms or molecules.

P.CM.06.12 Explain how mass is conserved as it changes from state to state in a closed system.

P.PM.07.23 Illustrate the structure of molecules using models or drawings (water, carbon dioxide, salt).

HSSCEs: Chemistry PREREQUISITES

P2.p1A Describe energy changes associated with changes of state in terms of the arrangement and order of the atoms (molecules) in each state. (prerequisite)

P2.p1B Use the positions and arrangements of atoms and molecules in solid, liquid, and gas state to explain the need for an input of energy for melting and boiling and a release of energy in condensation and freezing. (prerequisite)

P4.p1A For a substance that can exist in all three phases, describe the relative motion of the particles in each of the phases. (prerequisite)

HSSCEs: Chemistry PREREQUISITES

P4.p1B For a substance that can exist in all three phases, make a drawing that shows the arrangement and relative spacing of the particles in each of the phases. (prerequisite)

P4.p1C For a simple compound, present a drawing that shows the number of particles in the system does not change as a result of a phase change. (prerequisite)

P5.p1A Draw a picture of the particles of an element or compound as a solid, liquid, and gas. (prerequisite)

HSSCEs: ChemistryHIGH SCHOOL CURRICULUM

C2.2A Describe conduction in terms of molecules bumping into each other to transfer energy. Explain why there is better conduction in solids and liquids than gases.

C2.2B Describe the various states of matter in terms of the motion and arrangement of the molecules (atoms) making up the substance.

C3.3A Describe how heat is conducted in a solid.

HSSCEs: ChemistryHIGH SCHOOL CURRICULUM

C3.3B Describe melting on a molecular level.

C4.3B Recognize that solids have a more ordered, regular arrangement of their particles than liquids and that liquids are more ordered than gases.

C5.5c Draw Lewis structures for simple compounds.

Special emphasis

C2.2B Describe the various states of matter in terms of the motion and arrangement of the molecules (atoms) making up the substance.

P5.p1A Draw a picture of the particles of an element or compound as a solid, liquid, and gas. (prerequisite)

Handouts:

Pretest, Pencils

Coffee Filters, Scissors

Notes Page or Lesson Brochure

Key Concepts written on paper

Writing passage with blanks for Key Concepts

Tape or glue sticks

Posttest, Coffee Filters

Collect: Scissors, Tape or Glue Sticks

PRETEST

1. Are snowflakes considered solid, liquid, or gas (vapor)?

2. How many sides does a snowflake have?

3. Does ice sink or float in liquid water?

4. Of solids, liquids, and gases, which is hottest?

5. Of solids, liquids, and gases, which is coldest?

6. Of solid, liquid, and gas (vapor) WATER, which is the MOST DENSE (D = m/v; density is a measure of how “tightly packed” the particles are within a substance)?

7. Of solid, liquid, and gas (vapor) WATER, which is the LEAST DENSE ?

8. Remove the small labeled square on the bottom left side of this page. Fold and cut this small piece of paper to create a snowflake shape.

KEY CONCEPTS AND VOCABULARY SOLID

LIQUID

VAPOR (GAS)

DENSITY

ARRANGEMENT

MOTION

CRYSTAL

PARTICLES

SUBSTANCE

MOLECULES

KEY CONCEPTS AND VOCABULARY

•SOLID

•LIQUID

•VAPOR (GAS)

•DENSITY

•ARRANGEMENT

•MOTION

•CRYSTAL

•PARTICLES

•SUBSTANCE

•MOLECULES

KEY CONCEPTS AND VOCABULARY

•SOLID

•LIQUID

•VAPOR (GAS)

•DENSITY

•ARRANGEMENT

•MOTION

•CRYSTAL

•PARTICLES

•SUBSTANCE

•MOLECULES

Fill in the blanks using key concepts.

A ……..……….is a collection of particles. These ………..…… may be a mixture or all the same; they may be single atoms or……..……… If the particles vibrate or wiggle, within a locked …………….pattern, the substance is a………..…... Particles in faster…………...., which flow around each other, no longer locked into place, are………..……. Faster moving molecules bounce vigorously, filling the entire space of the container. This is the ………..…….state. The ……….……..of water molecules depends on their motion: vibrating, flowing, or bouncing. The …..………...… of water also depends on the arrangement of the molecules within the solid, liquid, or vapor substance.

Substance. Particles. Molecules. Crystal. Solid. Motion. Liquid. Vapor (gas). Arrangement. Density.

Fill in the blanks using key concepts.

A substance is a collection of particles. These particles may be a mixture or all the same; they may be single atoms or molecules. If the particles vibrate or wiggle within a locked crystal pattern, the substance is a solid. Particles in faster motion, which flow around each other, no longer locked into place, are liquid. Faster moving molecules bounce vigorously, filling the entire space of the container. This is the vapor (gas) state. The arrangement of water molecules depends on their motion: vibrating, flowing, or bouncing. The density of water also depends on the arrangement of the molecules within the solid, liquid, or vapor substance.

POST- TEST

1. Are snowflakes considered solid, liquid, or gas (vapor)?

2. How many sides does a snowflake have?

3. Does ice sink or float in liquid water?

4. Of solids, liquids, and gases, which is hottest?

5. Of solids, liquids, and gases, which is coldest?

6. Of solid, liquid, and gas (vapor) WATER, which is the MOST DENSE (D = m/v; density is a measure of how “tightly packed” the particles are within a substance)?

7. Of solid, liquid, and gas (vapor) WATER, which is the LEAST DENSE ?