SOATJTSE54,29.4.2009VilleSeppänen

ville.seppanen@jyu.fi

SOA?

•  SeveraldefiniAons,dependsonwhoyouask– SOAisWebServices

– SOAisatechnicalarchitecture– SOAisanevoluAonofdistributedcompuAngandmodularprogramming

– SOAisanITstrategybasedonaphilosophyofsharingITserviceswiththeaimofachievingbusinessagility

– SOAisaboutbusiness/ITalignment

SOA?•  OrStupidOverusedAcronym?

SOA?

•  NomaPerwhatisone’sstance,everybodyseemtoappreciate– ReusabilityandeasyintegraAon– Modularity,composability,flexibility,loosecouplingandagility

– PlaWormindependenceandopenstandards

SOA?BEAwhitepaper,“WhyGovernmentCannotAffordtoIgnoreSOA”

•  SOAorganisesenterpriseITaroundservicesratherthanapplicaAons,sothatdiscretefuncAonscontainedinenterpriseapplicaAonsbecomeinteroperable,standardsbasedservicesthatcanbecombinedandreusedquicklytomeetbusiness⇒ UsingSOA,youshouldnotbethinkingabouttechnology,informaAonsystemsandapplicaAonsbut(business)services,instead

SOA?BEAwhitepaper,“WhyGovernmentCannotAffordtoIgnoreSOA”

•  DiscreetfuncAons,dataorbusinessprocessesareexposedfromexisAngapplicaAonsorcreatedasselfcontainedenAAes,whicharedefinedasservices.

•  Becauseoftheirindependent,modularnature,servicescanbeusedlikebuildingblockstoquicklyandeasilydevelopnewbusinessprocessesandcompositeapplicaAons,whichcanbesimultaneouslyreusedanddeployedacrossmulApledeliverychannels.

Itissosimple

ServiceDirectory

ServiceConsumer

Service

Finds

Invokes

Registers

ServiceConsumer

ItissosimplewithWebServicesUDDI,WSDLandSOAP

UDDIregistry

Client

WSDLWSDL

Service’stechnicalinterfacedescripAons,plusSLA’s,policiesetc.

ServiceConsumerServer

ClientSOAPimplementaAon,‘stub’

ServerSOAPimplementaAon

SOAPenvelope

XMLmessagescarryingthepayload.Apps’internaldatarepresentaAonsmappedtoandfromthosedefined

byWSDLserviceAPI.

SOA?BEAwhitepaper,“WhyGovernmentCannotAffordtoIgnoreSOA”

•  ThemoderntechnologyandstandardswhichenableSOAallowdisparatetechnologiestocommunicate,regardlessofmanufacturer,plaWormorlanguage.

•  SOAenablesre‐usabilityandsharingfromthesmallestcomponentorbusinessprocesslevel,rightuptothesharingofenArecorporateservicesandinfrastructure.– Servicegranularitylehopen

“ThemoderntechnologyandstandardswhichenableSOAallowdisparatetechnologiestocommunicate,regardlessofmanufacturer,plaWormorlanguage.”

WebServicesStandardsasofQ12007,InnoQ

hPp://www.innoq.com/resources/ws‐standards‐poster/

“ThatwasprePycurrentonfirstquarteroflast

year.Inotherwords,itistotallyoutdatedtoday.”

•  Onasidenote,pleasereadTheRaiseandFallofCORBAbyMichiHenning,ACMQueue,Vol.4.,Issue5,June2006availableathPp://portal.acm.org/citaAon.cfm?id=1142044&coll=portal&dl=ACM&cfid=515653495&choken=515653495

DependingonexactlywhenonestartscounAng,CORBAisabout10‐15yearsold.DuringitslifeAme,CORBAhasmovedfrombeingableeding‐edgetechnologyforearlyadopters,tobeingapopularmiddleware,tobeinganichetechnologythatexistsinrelaAveobscurity.ItisinstrucAveto examine why CORBA—despite once being heralded as the “next‐generaAon technology for e‐commerce”—suffered this fate. CORBA’shistoryisonethatthecompuAngindustryhasseenmanyAmes,anditseemslikelythatcurrentmiddlewareefforts,specificallyWebservices,willreenactasimilarhistory.

FourstepstoSOA…

•  DecomposetheexisAngprocessesandsiloedsystemstotheirstructuralelements

•  IdenAfythereusableandfrequentlyneededcomponents

•  Createapoolofreusableservicecomponents

•  BasenewapplicaAonsandprocessesonthesecomponentsusingorchestraAontechnologies(e.g.,WS‐BPEL)

SOAsoluAonstackhPp://www.ibm.com/developerworks/websphere/techjournal/0806_radcliffe/0806_radcliffe.html

OrtwelvestepstoSOA…byDaveLinthicum

1.  UnderstandyourbusinessobjecAvesanddefinesuccess2.  Defineyourproblemdomain

3.  UnderstandallapplicaAonsemanAcsinyourdomain

4.  Understandallservicesavailableinyourdomain

5.  UnderstandallinformaAonsourcesandsinksavailableinyourdomain

6.  Understandallprocessesinyourdomain

7.  IdenAfyandcatalogallinterfacesoutsideofthedomainyoumustleverage(servicesandsimpleinformaAon)

8.  DefinenewservicesandinformaAonboundtothoseservices

9.  Definenewprocesses,aswellasservicesandinformaAonboundtothoseprocesses

10.  Selectyourtechnologyset

11.  DeploySOAtechnology

12.  Testandevaluate

Suddenly,itdoesn’tsoundsosimpleanymore.ThereisplentytodototackletheStep1alone.

Andno,whencreaAngSOA,you’renotsupposedtostartfromtheStep10!

Concernsofservice‐orientaAonovertheE2AFJ.Schekkerman

hPp://www.enterprise‐architecture.info/EA_Services‐Oriented‐Enterprise.htm

CriAcalFactorsAnalysisoftheSOAReferenceArchitecture(OASIS)

hPp://docs.oasis‐open.org/soa‐rm/soa‐ra/v1.0/soa‐ra‐pr‐01.pdf

TheLego®ModelofSOA;ProshPp://www.zapthink.com/

•  Legoblocksareinteroperable–  Yes,it'sallaboutthebumps.Becausetheblocksallhavestandardbumps,anyLegoblockwillfitintoanyotherLegoblock.Standards‐basedinterfacesarethesecrettotheblocks'interoperability‐‐ortobemoreprecise,it'stheServicecontractthatmaPers.

•  Legoblocksareunbreakable– Now,it'snotthatLegoblocksaretrulyunbreakable,butrather,thattheLegoGroupdesignedthemwithsignificantrobustnessinmind.

TheLego®ModelofSOA;ProshPp://www.zapthink.com/

•  Legoblocksarecomposable– OneLegoblockbyitselfisnofunatall.Thewholepointtothetoyistakingmanyofthemandassemblingthemtomeettheneedoftheday,justasthebusinesswishestocomposeServicesintoapplicaAonsthatimplementbusinessprocessesinaflexibleway.

•  Legoblocksarereusable–  Youcanbuildonestructurewithyourblocks,thendisassembleitandreusetheblockstobuildsomethingelse.

TheLego®ModelofSOA;ConshPp://www.zapthink.com/

•  Legoblocks'strengthsposebusinesschallengesfortheirmanufacturer– OnceafamilybuysenoughLegoblocksfortheirfirstkid,aherall,they'reusuallysetforlife,regardlessofhowmanychildrentheysubsequentlyaddtotheir.

– Asaresult,salesofLegoblockshavewanedoverAme,leadingthecompanytorolloutspecialkitswiththeintenAonofhavingchildrenassembleacastleoraspaceshiporwhathaveyouonce,andsetitonashelf.

TheLego®ModelofSOA;ConshPp://www.zapthink.com/

•  StructuresbuiltfromLegoblocksareonlysostrong– ThelargeryoubuildastructurewithLegoblocks,however,themorefragileitgets.Inotherwords,loosecouplingcomesataprice.

– WhileAghtlycoupledinterfacesreduceflexibilityandreusability,theyalsocanincreaseefficiency.

TheLego®ModelofSOA;ConshPp://www.zapthink.com/

•  Legoblocksareinteroperablewitheachother,butnotwithotherkindsoftoys– YoucanhavelooselycoupledinteracAonsonthewireandmessageprotocollevels,andsAllbeAghtlycoupledonthesemanAclevel.

– TrueloosecouplingisfarmorecomplexandsubtlethanbumpsonLegoblocks!

TheLego®ModelofSOA;ConshPp://www.zapthink.com/

•  Legoblocksareforchildren,butchildrencouldn'tbuildLegoland– AllparentsthinkthestructurestheirliPleonesbuildwiththeirLegoblocksarethebestintheworld,ofcourse,buttobuildthelargestructuresyoufindintheLegolandthemepark,youneedarchitecture.

– Withoutarchitecture,aboxofLegoblocksisnothingmorethanaboxoftoys,andwithoutarchitecture,abunchofServicesisli=lemorethan,well,abunchofServices.

SOAgetstoocomplicated.LetsuseJBOWSarchitectureinstead.

•  “AswefoundintherecentWebservices.Orgsurvey,therewere,outof1,000companies,only50thatreallywerewelladvancedintheirdeployments,thatcouldbeconsideredtrueSOAsites.”J.McKendrick

•  “Notorchestrated,doesnothavearegistry,hasnoprocess‐basedtesAng,doesnotreuseservices,andhasnomanagementtools.”J.McKendrick

InformaAonWeeksurveyonSOA21.2.2009

•  Surveyof270businesstechnologyprofessional–  23%ofrespondentssaidtheirorganizaAonshavedeployedSOA

–  7%ofresulAngsystemsareavailableforexternaluse–  ThepercentageofoverallsohwarereusewithintheorganizaAonsthathaveimplementedSOArose7%

So,SOAseemstofailindeliveringoneofitsmostbasicpromises?Forgetaboutdevelopingbusiness‐driven,highlyabstractedandcomposableloosely‐coupledservicesifyoucan’tdevelopreusablesohwarecomponents.*

* Not surprising since this requires a strategy change and strong managerial support and commitment. Read more: Sherif K. & N. M. Menon, 2004, Managing Technology and Administration Innovations: Four Case Studies on Software Reuse

AnneThomasManes,5.1.2009:SOAisDead…

hPp://apsblog.burtongroup.com/2009/01/soa‐is‐dead‐long‐live‐services.html•  OncethoughttobethesaviorofIT,SOAinsteadturnedintoagreatfailedexperiment—atleastformostorganizaAons.

•  SOAwassupposedtoreducecostsandincreaseagilityonamassivescale.ExceptinraresituaAons,SOAhasfailedtodeliveritspromisedbenefits.AherinvesAngmillions,ITsystemsarenobePerthanbefore.InmanyorganizaAons,thingsareworse:costsarehigher,projectstakelonger,andsystemsaremorefragilethanever.Anne Thomas Manes is a Vice President and Research Director of Burton Group. She is also a very influential member of SOA community, voted as one of the 50 most powerful people in networking, among the “Power 100 IT Leaders”, former CTO at Systinet, etc. Her article about the death of SOA was taken very seriously. Especially among the software vendors.

Whatwillcomenext?

•  Ofcourse,morehypewords–  SaaS,cloudcompuAng,businessclouds,privateclouds,

situaAonalintegraAon,mash‐ups,compositeapplicaAons–  Expertsarealreadywarningaboutnottorepeatthesame

mistakeswithSaaSandintheclouds•  Ormorecomprehensiveunderstandingabouttheproblem

domain?–  CBM/SOMA/SCA(c.f.,J.Poutanen’spresentaAon)–  SOE(andservice‐orientaAoningeneral)–  SOAbackedupbyEA?–  SOAbackedupbyreasonablegovernancestructuresand

thoroughlyconsideredalignmentperspecAve.Thisistheleastthatoneshouldconsider.

Howdiditcometothis,again?“HowdidwebecomeaDilbertcartoon?”

MikeDavisCTO/Chiefarchitect

1.  Notworkingcloselywiththebusiness2.  Inabilitytosuccessfullymanageproject

Inthe60'sand70's,thebusinesswasdependentonITforinformaAon.TherewerenohighpoweredPCsandtheInternetwasnotforcommercialuse.MostofwhatITworkedoninthepublicsectorwasbusinessenablingapplicaAons.

Duringthe80'sand90's,hugeadvancementsinprocessorspeed,memory,anddisktechnologyenabledpersonalcomputerstodotheworkofthemassivemainframesfromthepreviousdecades.

Thentheinternetcameofagewhichchangedthewaypeopleandbusinessesinteractwithoneanother.ThesetwoimportanttechnologyadvancementschangedbusinessforthebePerbutnotwithoutconsequences.

More to read http://www.cio.com/article/438413/Top_Reasons_Why_People_are_Making_SOA_Fail

ThedaysofITbeingincontrolwithcentralizedandreliablesystemsgavewaytothecomplex,distributed,andmulAplaWormenvironmentsthatweliveintoday.

Thisinturn,directedalotofIT'saPenAontowardsinfrastructureprojects.

Intoday'sworld,alargeporAonofITbudgetsgointoprojectsandservicesthatkeepthelightsonforthecompany(email,voice&telecommunicaAons,security,compliance,etc.)anddonotcontributetoaddiAonalrevenue.

InaddiAon,sohwarevendorsstarteddeliveringshrinkwrappedsoluAons(ERP,CRM,FinancialapplicaAons,etc.)thatwasnotfeasibleforcompaniestobuildinternally.

IbelievethesefactorshaveallcontributedtothefactthatmanyITshopshavebecomedisconnectedand/oroutoftouchoralignmentwiththebusiness.IThasbecomeperceivedmoreasacostcenterthenanenabler.

“HowdidwebecomeaDilbertcartoon?”MikeDavisCTO/Chiefarchitect

Inhibitorsofbiz/ITalignment(fromRichBentley,ITSMDirector,Compuware)

Nofounda.onfordialog Mismatchedexpecta.ons

Technology‐focusedmetrics ITinreac.vemode

SOAgovernance

Onlywithabroaddesignandthedisciplinetofollowitcancompaniesexpecttogetthefull

valueoutoftheirServicesoverAme.

Governanceisaboutdoingtherightthingsanddoingthethingsright.

YoucannotdoSOAwithoutEA

SOAgovernance

•  SOAgovernancemodelshouldanswerthequesAons–  Whathastobedone?

–  Howisitdone?–  Whohastheauthorityto

doit?

–  Howisitmeasured?

•  Design,deploy,andrun‐Amegovernance

SOAgovernance

•  BalancessomewherebetweenbusinessgovernanceandITgovernance–  ITgovernanceisbroaderandcoversallaspectsofITgovernance.Forexample,itincludesdatagovernanceandITsecurity

– WhileitcontainsaspectsofITGovernance,SOAgovernancecoversbusinessaspectsthatarenotcapturedinITgovernancesuchasthelinkagerequiredbetweenbusinessandIT

Howit’sdoneright?

•  “Wehavethisarchitectureroadmapthatisourconscience,ifyoulike,andanyAmeanyprojectcomesaboutandneedsnewfuncAonalityinternallyorexternally,itisalwaysrunthroughthearchitecturecommi=ee,”explainsHébert,Aeroplan’svicepresidentoftechnologyande‐business.“Soitiskindofmeshedintoourday‐to‐dayorganizaFon.”ReadmorehPp://www.infoworld.com/d/architecture/governing‐soa‐221

Whoshoulddoit?OneprePygoodsuggesAonSOAgovernanceorganizaAon

(IBM,Ibrahim&Long2007)SOAexecuAvesteeringgroup

SOACoE

LoBIT

SOAbusinesscouncil

SOAreviewboard

Responsibleforse�ngthedirecAonofSOAintheenterprise.

ResponsibleforensuringthattheSOAstandardsandpoliciesareimplementedinallSOArelatedprojects.

LinktothelineofbusinessorganizaAonstoidenAfyandprioriAzetheservicestobedevelopedandthatareimportanttothebusiness.

CenterofExcellenceisresponsiblefortheongoingmentoringandprovidingguidancetotheSOAdevelopmentofallprojects.

MandatoryDilbertstrip

Ballpark price = karkea, alustava kustannusarvio

NotalwaysfaultoftheIT

•  Onefirm’schiefarchitectdescribedacommonscenarioamongfirmstryingtoalignbusinessstrategyandenterpriseITarchitecture:Sowestartedworkingonunderstandingthebusinessstrategy,andwhatwediscoveredinthatprocesswasthattheyreallydidn'thaveabusinessstrategy.Whattheyhadwerealotofpromises.“Wearegoingtogrow.Wearegoingtousebranding.WearegoingtorunourplantsmoreeffecFvely.Wearegoingtoincreaseourvolume.”Buttheyhadn’tfiguredoutexactlyhowtheyweregoingtodoit…AndwhatIsaidwas,“ItisverydifficultformetowriteanITstrategytosupportyourbusinessstrategywhenyoudon’thavethatdefined.”Ross,MISQvol.2,no.1,2003

AnneThomasManes,5.1.2009:…Longliveservices

•  SuccessfulSOA(i.e.,applicaAonre‐architecture)requiresdisrupAontothestatusquo.

•  SOAisnotsimplyamaPerofdeployingnewtechnologyandbuildingserviceinterfacestoexisAngapplicaAons;itrequiresredesignoftheapplicaAonporWolio.AnditrequiresamassiveshihinthewayIToperates.

•  ThesmallselectgroupoforganizaAonsthathasseenspectaculargainsfromSOAdidsobytreaFngitasanagentoftransformaFon.Ineachofthesesuccessstories,SOAwasjustoneaspectofthetransformaFoneffort.Andhere’sthesecrettosuccess:SOAneedstobepartofsomethingbigger.

Haveanice1stofMay/LaborDay!