Section A[60 marks]

1 Diagram 1 shows the electron arrangement of elements P, Q and R.Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan electron bagi unsur P, Q dan R.

P Q R

Diagram 1Rajah 1

(a) Write electron arrangement for:Tulis susunan electron bagi:(i) P atom

Atom P : ……………………………………………………………………….(ii) Q ion

Ion Q : ……………………………………………………………………….[2 marks]

[2 markah](b) Which of the elements is chemically inert? Give the reason.

Antara unsur-unsur tersebut, yang manakah lengai secara kimia? Berikan alasan.

………………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………………...[2 marks]

[2 markah]

(c) (i) Which element react vigorously with water?

……………………………………………………………………………………….....[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction occur at 1(c)(i).

………………………………………………………………………………………….[2 marks]

[2 markah]

(d) Arrange the size of atoms of element P, Q and R in descending order.Susunkan saiz atom bagi unsur P, Q dan R secara susunan menurun.

………………………………………………………………………………………………...[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(e) Atom of element Q reacts with element R to form a compound. Explain briefly the formation of compound.

………………………………………………………………………………………………...

2 Diagram 2 shows the apparatus set-up for an experiment to determine the empirical formula of copper(II) oxide.Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi eksperimen untuk menentukan formula empirik kuprum(II) oksida.

Hydrogen gas Copper(II) oxideGas hidrogen Kuprum(II) oksida

Porcelain dish Mangkuk

porselinHeat Panaskan

Anhydrous calcium chloride, CaCl2

Kalsium klorida kontang, CaCl2

Diagram 2Rajah 2

(a) The empty box in Diagram 2 is the apparatus set-up to prepare the hydrogen gas. Complete the diagram.Kotak kosong dalam Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi penyediaan gas hidrogen. Lengkapkan rajah tersebut.

[2 marks]

0

[2 markah] (b) State the function of anhydrous calcium chloride.

Nyatakan fungsi kalsium klorida kontang.

……………………………………………………………………………………………........

[1 mark][1 markah]

(c) State one observation at the combustion tube in this experiment.Nyatakan satu pemerhatian pada tiub pembakaran di dalam eksperimen ini.

………………………………………………………………………………………………...[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(d) Table 2 shows the result obtained when a sample of copper(II) oxide reacts with hydrogen gas.Jadual 2 menunjukkan keputusan yang diperoleh apabila sampel kuprum(II) oksida bertindak balas dengan gas hidrogen.

Mass of combustion tubeJisim tiub pembakaran

17.90 g

Mass of combustion tube + copper(II) oxideJisim tiub pembakaran + kuprum(II) oksida

21.10 g

Mass of combustion tube + copperJisim tiub pembakaran + kuprum

20.46 g

Table 2 / Jadual 2

(i) Calculate the number of moles of copper atoms in the sample.Hitung bilangan mol bagi atom kuprum dalam sampel.

[1 mark][1 markah]

(ii) Calculate the number of moles of oxygen atoms in the sample.Hitung bilangan mol bagi atom oksigen dalam sampel.

[1 mark][1 markah]

(iii) Determine the empirical formula of copper(II) oxide.Tentukan formula empirik bagi kuprum(II) oksida.

[1 mark][1 markah]

(e) Name one other metal oxide which uses the same method to determine the empirical formula.Namakan satu oksida logam lain yang menggunakan kaedah yang sama menentukan formula empirik.

………………………………………………………………………………………………....

[1 mark][1 markah]

3 (a) Salt can be prepared using the following methods: Garam boleh disediakan menggunakan kaedah berikut:

Method A : Neutralisation reaction between acid and alkali.Kaedah A : Tindak balas peneutralan antara asid dan alkali.

Method B : Double decomposition reaction between two solutions of soluble salts.

Kaedah B : Tindak balas penguraian ganda dua antara dua larutan garam terlarut.

A student carried out an experiment to prepare two salts, sodium chloride and silver chloride.Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk menyediakan dua garam, natrium klorida dan argentum klorida.

(i) Which method is used to prepare:Kaedah manakah yang digunakan untuk menyediakan:

Sodium chlorideNatrium klorida : ……………………………………………………………….

Silver chlorideArgentum klorida : ……………………………………………………………….

[2 marks][2 markah]

(ii) Write one chemical equation for the preparation of sodium chloride based on method 3(a)(i).Tuliskan satu persamaan kimia bagi penyedian larutan natrium klorida berdasarkan kaedah 3(a)(i).

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

[2 marks][2 markah]

(iii) State one observation during preparation of silver chloride.

Nyatakan pemerhatian semasa penyediaan argentum klorida.

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark][1 markah]

(b) The following equation is about the reaction preparation of copper(II) chloride.Persamaan berikut merupakan tindak balas penyediaan kuprum(II) klorida.

CuCO3 + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2O + CO2

Excess copper(II) carbonate is added to react with 50 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid to form salt.Kuprum(II) karbonat berlebihan ditambah untuk bertindak balas dengan 50 cm3 asid hidroklorik 2.0 mol dm-3 bagi membentuk garam.

(i) State one observation for the reaction.Nyatakan satu pemerhatian bagi tindak balas tersebut.

………………………………………………………………………………………....

……………………………………………………………………………………........

[1 mark][1 markah]

(ii) Calculate the mass of salt formed.[Relative atomic mass = Cu, 64; C, 12; O, 16; H, 1; Cl, 35.5]Hitung jisim garam yang terbentuk.[Jisim atom relatif = Cu, 64; C, 12; O, 16; H, 1; Cl, 35.5]

[2 marks][2 markah]

4 Diagram 4 shows the formation of compound X from glucose and several conversion of carbon compounds.Rajah 4 menunjukkan pembentukan sebatian X daripada glukosa dan beberapa proses penukaran sebatian karbon.

Process I Process IIGlucose Proses I Compound X Proses II Compound YGlukosa Sebatian X Sebatian Y

Process III Process IVProses III Proses IV

Compound Z Ethyl propanoate

Sebatian Z Etil propanoat

Diagram 4 / Rajah 4(a) Process I involves the use of yeast.

Name Process I.Proses I melibatkan penggunaan yis.Namakan Proses I.

………………………………………………………………………………………………...[1 mark]

[1 markah](b) Draw the structural formula of compound X.

Lukis formula struktur bagi sebatian X.

[2 marks][2 markah]

(c) Compound Y is formed when the vapour of compound X is passed over heated porcelain chips in Process II.Sebatian Y terbentuk apabila wap sebatian X dialirkan pada serpihan porselin yang dipanaskan dalam Proses II.

(i) Write the general formula for the homologous series of compound Y.Tuliskan formula umum bagi siri homolog sebatian Y.

………………………………………………………………………………………..[1 mark]

[1 markah](ii) Suggest two chemical test to identify compound Y.

Cadangkan dua ujian kimia untuk mengenal pasti sebatian Y.

………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………...

[2 marks][2 markah]

(d) Compound Z releases carbon dioxide gas when calcium carbonate is added to it.Sebatian Z membebaskan gas karbon dioksida apabila kalsium carbonate ditambah padanya.(i) Name the functional group of compound Z.

Namakan kumpulan berfungsi bagi sebatian Z.

………………………………………………………………………………………...

(ii) Write a chemical equation for the conversion reaction in Process III.

………………………………………………………………………………………...

[2 marks][2 markah]

(iii) Name one reagent that is suitable to be used in Process III.Namakan satu bahan kimia yang sesuai digunakan dalam Prosess III.

………………………………………………………………………………………...

(e) Describe briefly the method of preparing ethyl propanoate from compound X in the lab.Huraikan secara ringkas kaedah menyediakan etil propanoat daripada sebatian X di dalam makmal.

………………………………………………………………………………………………....

………………………………………………………………………………………………....

[2 marks][2 markah]

5 Diagram 5 shows the steps of preparation of a salt. Excess lead(II) oxide is dissolved in 50 cm 3

of 1.0 mol dm-3 nitric acid.Rajah 5 menunjukkan langkah-langkah bagi penyediaan suatu garam. Plumbum(II) oksida berlebihan dilarutkan dalam 50 cm3 asid nitric 1.0 mol dm-3.

50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 nitric acid Excess lead(II) oxide50 cm3 asid nitric 1.0 mol dm-3 Plumbum(II) oksida berlebihan

Lead(II) oxide Salt solutionPlumbum(II) oksida Larutan garam

Crystal salt Hablur

garam↑↑ ↑↑

Heat Heat Panaskan Panaskan

Diagram 5Rajah 5

(a) (i) State the name of the salt formed.Nyatakan nama garam yang terbentuk.

……………………………………………………………………………………….....[1 mark]

[1 markah](ii) State the colour of the salt formed in 5(a)(i) in solid state.

Nyatakan warna bagi garam yang terbentuk di 5(a)(i) dalam keadaan pepejal.

……………………………………………………………………………………….....[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(b) Why must lead(II) oxide be added excessively?

……………………………………………………………………………………….............

……………………………………………………………………………………….............[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(c) (i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between lead(II) oxide and nitric acid.Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara plumbum(II) oksida dan asid nitrat.

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….[2 marks]

[2 markah]

(iii) Calculate the mass of salt formed.[Relative atomic mass = Pb, 207; N, 14; O, 16]Hitung jisim bagi garam yang terbentuk.[Jisim atom relatif = Pb, 207; N, 14; O, 16]

[3 marks][3 markah]

(d) The salt formed contain nitrate ion.Describe a chemical test to verify the ion.Garam yang terbentuk mengandungi ion nitrat.Huraikan satu ujian kimia untuk mengesahkan ion itu.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….......

…………………………………………………………………………………………….......

…………………………………………………………………………………………….......[3 marks]

[3 markah]

6 Diagram 6 shows the apparatus set-up of an experiment to determine the heat of displacement for reaction between copper(II) sulphate solution and excess zinc powder.Rajah 6 menunjukkan susunan radas suatu eksperimen bagi menentukan haba penyesaran bagi tindak balas antara larutan kuprum(II) sulfat dan serbuk zink berlebihan.

Excess zinc powderSerbuk zink berlebihan

50 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 copper(II) sulphatesolution50 cm3 larutan kuprum(II) sulfat 0.5 mol dm-3

Diagarm 6Rajah 6

The result as follows:Keputusan seperti berikut:

Initial temperature of copper(II) sulphate solutionSuhu awal larutan kuprum(II) sulfat

28.5 K C

Highest temperature of the mixtureSuhu maksimum campuran

33.5 K C

[Specific heat capacity of water: 4.2 J g -1 K C -1. Relative atomic mass = O, 16; S, 32; Cu, 64; Zn, 65][Muatan haba tentu air : 4.2 J g -1 K C -1. Jisim atom relatif = O, 16; S, 32; Cu, 64; Zn, 65](a) Based on the experiment, what is the meaning of the heat of displacement?

Berdasarkan eksperimen, apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan haba penyesaran?

………………………………………………………………………………………………....

………………………………………………………………………………………………....

[1 mark][1 markah]

(b) Write the ionic equation for the reaction.Tuliskan persamaan ionic bagi tindak balas itu.

………………………………………………………………………………………………....

[2 marks][2 markah]

(c) State one observation from the experiment.Nyatakan satu pemerhatian bagi eksperimen itu.

………………………………………………………………………………………………....

………………………………………………………………………………………………....

[1 mark][1 markah]

(d) Based on the experiment, calculateBerdasarkan eksperimen, hitung

(i) the heat releasedhaba yang dibebaskan

[1 mark][1 markah]

(ii) the number of moles of copper that is formedbilangan mol kuprum yang terbentuk

[1 mark][1 markah]

(iii) heat of displacement for the reactionhaba penyesaran bagi tindak balas tersebut

[1 mark][1 markah]

(e) A student repeated the experiment by replacing zinc powder with magnesium powder.Predict the value of heat of displacement. Explain why.Seorang pelajar mengulangi eksperimen itu dengan menggantikan serbuk zink dengan serbuk magnesium. Ramalkan nilai haba penyesaran. Terangkan mengapa.

………………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………………...[2 marks]

[2 markah]

Section B7