SOC 451Globalization of Culture and

Communication

GLOBAL FLOWS OF PEOPLE

Asst.Prof. Fatma Altınbaş Sarıgül

Who are migrants?

• Populations on the move; vagabonds and tourists.

Vagabonds are often impoverished itinerants on the move because they have to be. (war situation, no jobs, poverty, political reasons)

Tourists who are on the move because they want to be.

MIGRATION

International migration has 4 components:

1. The in-migration of persons to a country other than that of their place of birth or citizenship

2. The return migration of nationals to their home country after residing abroad

3. The out migration of nationals from their home country

4. The out migration of foreigners from a foreign country to which they had previously immigrated.

Why the migration of people have not been liberalized?

• To protect national economic prosperity

• To prevent conflicts between newcomers and locals.

• Fears of terrorism

While in general migration policies have not been liberalized, there has been a selective reduction in barriers to migration in many countries. This is driven by factors such as; labor shortages, the needs of MNCs for workers, aging populations, new tax revenues from migrants to be used to help support state welfare systems.

VAGABONDS

Refugees: those who are forced to leave their homeland because they fear for their safety, asylum seekers, who seek to remain in the country to which they flee, as well as labor

migrants who are driven by ‘push’ factors such as unemployment, war, political persecution or

economic depression in their homeland and ‘pull’ factors such as higher pay, lower

unemployment, labor shortages and cultural similarity.

FLOW OF MIGRANTS

• To US (mostly Mexicans)

• To Canada

• To Europe

• To Great Britain

• To Switzerland

• To Asia

IMMIGRATION

• Is North benefits from immigration?

• If North benefits from immigration, why the fears?

Jonathon W.Moses- ‘International Migration’

DIASPORA

The dispersion, dislocation and deterritorializationof any population.

1. It is a social form

2. It involves a type of consciousness

3. It is a mode of cultural production

4. It is political

DIASPORA AND GLOBALIZATION

Stephan Dufoix – ‘diasporization’ of the World.

‘Processes such as the shrinking of the world, a disembeddedness of time and space,glocalization, instanteous communication, the reshaping of geography, and theSpatialization of the social.’

TOURISTS

• While migrants generally encounter structural barriers to their mobility, tourists on the move are more likely to be assisted in various ways.

• However, tourists face barriers such as getting visa, crossing border and arrogant behavior.

BRAIN DRAIN

• Systematic loss by a nation-state of people highly prized elsewhere in the world.

QUIZ

• Explain the ‘network society’theory of ManuelCastells.