Social And Ethical Issues Of Information Technology `

ContentsWhat is Ethics and Information Technology??Ethical issues relating to computer applicationSecurity Threats

Computer VirusesCyber CrimeSoftware piracy and HackingComputer crime preventionCase StudyEthical dilemmas and consideration

EthicsDerived from the Greek word “ethos”, which

means “custom”, “habit”, and “way of living”

Definition: "the discipline and practice of applying value to human behavior, resulting in meaningful conduct.“

Cont……….

Professional Ethics: concerns one's conduct of behavior and practice when carrying out professional work, e.g., consulting, researching, teaching and writing.

A computing professional must understand Cultural, social, legal, and ethical issues in

computing.Responsibility and possible consequences of

failure.

Computer EthicsComputer ethics defined as the

application of classical ethical principles to the use of computer technology.

Ethical problems related to computers:Privacy

Computers create a false sense of securityPeople do not realize how vulnerable information stored on

computers areProperty

Physical propertyIntellectual property (in both copyright and patent)Data as property

AccessAccess to computing technologyAccess to data

AccuracyAccuracy of information stored

Hacking, cracking and virus creationSoftware piracy

The Ten Commandments of computer ethics have been defined by the Computer Ethics Institute.

1) Thou shalt not use a computer to harm other people.

2) Thou shalt not interfere with other people's computer work.

3) Thou shalt not snoop around in other people's files.

4) Thou shalt not use a computer to steal.

5) Thou shalt not use a computer to bear false witness.

6) Thou shalt not use or copy software for which you have not paid.

7) Thou shalt not use other people's computer resources without authorisation.

8) Thou shalt not appropriate other people's intellectual output.

9) Thou shalt think about the social consequences of the program you write.

10) Thou shalt use a computer in ways that show consideration and respect.

Computer Virus

What is Computer Virus?

Computer viruses are small software programs that are designed to spread from one computer to another and to interfere with computer operation.

Spreading of VirusVirus are most easily spread,Spread through E-mail Attachments,

Instant Messaging messages,Funny Images,Audio and Videos files,Downloading files from Internet,Greeting cards and many more.

Steps to help avoid VirusesUse an Internet firewall, Subscribe to industry standard antivirus software,Never open an e-mail attachment from someone

you don't know,Scan each and every attachment,Rules to be followed, while surfing net

COMPUTER CRIMES

TYPES OF COMPUTER CRIMESTARGET OF THE CRIME

MEDIUM OF THE ATTACK

TOOL

INTIMIDATE OR DECEIVE

Types of Computer Criminal

Outsiders

Insiders

REASON FOR COMPUTER CRIMEECONOMIC

IDEOLOGICAL

PSYCHOLOGICAL

EGOCENTRIC

METHODS OF ATTACKDATA TEMPERING

Programming Techniques

OTHER METHODS

Computer Crime can be Defined as IT InfrastructureIllegal accessIllegal InteruptionData InterfareSystem InterfrenceMisuse Of DevicesElectronic Fraud

Software piracy and Hacking

What is PIRACY???????

Reselling Media

Downloading from a website

Taping songs

Buying a used book or CD

Watching broadcast television but skipping commercials

Types of PIRACYEnd User Piracy

Client – Server Piracy

Internet Piracy

Hard-Disk Piracy

Software Counterfeiting

End-User Piracy

This occurs when a company employee reproduces copies of software without authorization

Copying disk for installation and distribution Swapping disks in or outside the workplace

Client-Server PiracyThis type of piracy occurs when too many

employees on a network are using a central copy of a program at the same time.

System Overuse

Internet PiracyThis occurs when software is downloaded

from the Internet The same purchasing rules should apply to online software purchase as for those bought in traditional ways.

Pirate website Unauthorized transfer of copyrighted program

Hard-Disk LoadingThis occurs when a business who sells new

computers loads illegal copies of software onto the hard disks to make the purchase of the machines more attractive.

Value Added Resellers (VAR)

Software CounterfeitingThis type of piracy is the illegal duplication

and sale of copyrighted material with the intent of directly imitating the copyrighted product.

HACKER

Some one who bypasses the system’s access controls by taking advantage of security weaknesses left in the system by developers .

What HACKER do???????SYSTEMAccess confidential informationThreaten someone from YOUR computerBroadcast your confidential letters or

materials .Store illegal material

Evils of HackingCompromise the security of system without

permission from an authorized party, usually with the intent of accessing computers connected to the network.

Advantage of HackingTo determine problem and weakness for

programCreation of firewallUseful for military purpose and spyingBetter computer security

Computer crime prevention

Computer crime is becoming ever prevalent in our society. More and more companies and individuals rely on the service and resources

provided through networks computers.

TYPES OF COMPUTER CRIME PREVENTIONInternet crime preventionPrevention of cyber crime Prevention of computer crime in banking IT security Computer crime prevention law Hi tech crime prevention lawComputer crime preventing on line fraud World risk investigation and terrorist

prevention

Case Study of sole remaining

supplier

Key points of Case StudyIntroductionBackground (pacemaker)Lack of dexterity in installation of pacemakerSerious consequences Transistor making company decided to pull its

hand out of business

Key points of Case StudyRealization of problemEthical dilemma Different views in board of directorTheory of utilitarianismsolution

ETHICALDILEMMAS ANDCONSIDERATIONS

Ethical dilemmas in ITDilemmas are discussed in relation to four areas-PrivacyInformation accuracyAccess to information Intellectual property rights

Ethical dilemmas in relation to IT

PLAGIARISM-The taking of ideas,writing and drawings or other similar intellectual property created by others and presenting it as your own.

NETIQUETTE-A set of rules (mainly unwritten) to follow while you are online.

SOME IMPORTANT VIEWS

Internet offers great riches for the future,but poses many threats.

Technology requires vigilance.Considerations regarding information ethics

influence personal decisions,professional practice and public policy.