social beliefs and judgments chapter three. explaining others attribution theory –dispositional...
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Social Beliefs and JudgmentsSocial Beliefs and Judgments
Chapter ThreeChapter Three
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Explaining others
• Attribution Theory– Dispositional vs. situational attributions– Inferring traits– Commonsense attributions– Information integration
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Explaining others (cont.)
• The fundamental attribution error (FAE)
• Explaining the FAE– Perspective and situational awareness
• The actor-observer difference
• Time effects
• Self-Awareness
– Cultural differences
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The FAE (cont.)
• How fundamental is the FAE?– Is it really that bad or is it just a bias? – Correspondence bias - seeing behavior as
corresponding to an inner disposition– Effects of fundamental attribution
• Socially
• Politically
• Legally
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Constructing interpretations and memories
• Perceiving and interpreting events– The subjectivity of perception
• Belief perseverance– Persistence of one’s initial conceptions
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Constructing interpretations and memories (cont.)
• Constructing memories– Reconstructing past attitudes– Reconstructing past behavior– Reconstructing our experiences
• The “misinformation effect”
• Priming
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Judging others
• Intuition
• Judgmental overconfidence
• Heuristics– Representative heuristic– Ignoring base-rate information– The availability heuristic
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Judging others (cont.)
• Illusory thinking– Illusory correlation– Illusion of control
• Mood and judgment
Copyright © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 6 of 16
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Self-fulfilling beliefs
• Teacher expectations and student performance
• Getting from others what we expect
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