social determinants of health
DESCRIPTION
slide show presenting content from CDC Health Disparities and Inequalities Report— United States, 2011TRANSCRIPT
C D C H E A LT H D I S PA R I T I E S A N D I N E Q U A L I T I E S R E P O R T — U N I T E D S TAT E S , 2 0 1 1
M M W R / J A N UA R Y 1 4 , 2 0 1 1 / V O L . 6 0 .
Social Determinants of Health
Health Disparities
differences in health outcomes between groups
that reflect social inequalities
Findings
Social Determinants
of Health
Education and Income Those who live and work in low
socioeconomic circumstances are at an increased risk
Mortality Morbidity Unhealthy behaviors Reduced access to healthcare Inadequate quality of care
A substantial proportion of the adult population with insufficient resources is vulnerable to health problems.
Results
Lower income residents report fewer average healthy days.
Environmental Hazards
Findings
Environmental Hazards
Inadequate and unhealthy housing
Lack of structural and safety features increase risk of
Injuries Blood lead levels Worsening of other conditions
Poor indoor air quality increases risk of Cancer Asthma
Coronary Heart disease
Racial and ethnic minority groups, are more likely to live in urban counties and more likely
to experience a disparately larger impact
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Urban counties are generally near sources of air pollution
Air Pollution
Findings
Healthcare Access
Health Insurance Coverage
Insurance coverage is strongly related to better health outcomes
Higher percentage of males are uninsured
18-34 year olds are twice as likely to be uninsured as 45-64 year olds
Hispanics and blacks had significantly higher uninsured rates compared to non-Hispanic whites and Asian/Pacific Islanders
Findings
Access to Preventive
Health Services
Influenza vaccination coverage
During the 2009-2010 flu vaccination period, non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics had lower vaccination rates than non-Hispanic whites
Colorectal cancer screenings
Disparities exist based on Age group Ethnic group Disability Insurance status
Preventive Screenings
Mortality
Findings
Health Outcomes
Mortality Infant Deaths Motor Vehicle Related Deaths Suicides Drug-Induced Deaths Coronary Heart Disease and
Strokes Homicides
African-American Infants
Are 1 ½ to 3 times more likely to die than infants of other ethnicities
Infant Mortality
Suicide Homicide
Men of all ages and race/ethnicities are approximately four times more likely to die by suicide than females
Highest rate for those between ages 15-34
4 times greater in males than females
Highest rate among non-Hispanic blacks
Suicide and Homicide
Leading cause of disability and death in US
African American Men and Women
Men are more likely to die from coronary heart diseases than women
More likely to die of heart disease and stroke than their white counterparts
Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke
Rates of drug-induced deaths increased between 2003 and 2007 among men and women of all race/ethnicities, with the exception of Hispanics.
Rates are highest among non-Hispanic whites.
Prescription drug abuse now kills more persons than illicit drugs
Drug Induced Deaths
Morbidity
Findings
Health Outcomes
P
Morbidity Obesity Pre-term Births Potentially Preventable
Hospitalizations Current Asthma Prevalence HIV Infection Diabetes Hypertension and Hypertension
Control
What percentage of your state’s population is obese?
Obesity
Prevalence of obesity is lower among whites than among blacks and Mexican-Americans
Among females, prevalence of obesity is highest among blacks
Do You Know Your Numbers?
Hypertension is most prevalent among non-Hispanic blacks (42% versus 28.8% among whites).
Women are significantly more likely to have hypertension controlled than men
Uninsured persons are only about half as likely to have hypertension under control than those with insurance, regardless of type
Hypertension
Behavioral Risk Factors
Findings
Health Outcomes
Behavioral Risk Factors Binge Drinking Adolescent Pregnancy and
Childbirth Cigarette Smoking
What is binge drinking? Who’s at risk?
Consuming four or more alcoholic drinks on one or more occasion for women and five or more for men.
Younger people and men are more likely to binge drink and consume more alcohol than older people and women.
More than half of alcohol consumption by adults in the United States is in the form of binge drinking
Binge Drinking
Leading cause of preventable illness and death
Disparities in smoking rates persist among certain racial and ethnic minorities: American Indians and Alaska Natives
Smoking rates decline with increasing income
Smoking rates decline with increasing educational attainment
Tobacco Use
Disparities Persist
Rates of adolescent pregnancy and childbirth have been falling or holding steady for all racial/ethnic minorities in all age groups.
Birth rates for Hispanics and non-Hispanic blacks are 3 and 2.5 times those of whites
Teen Pregnancy