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Dynamics of the European Sectoral Dynamics of the European Sectoral Social DialogueSocial Dialogue
The role of social partners in CVT in Europe: The role of social partners in CVT in Europe:
reviewing practices and sharing challengesreviewing practices and sharing challenges
CEDEFOP, Thessaloniki: 9-10 February 2009
Christian Welz Christian Welz
European Foundation, DublinEuropean Foundation, Dublin
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OutlineOutline
I. Analytical framework
II. Institutional developments
III. Coordination of a multi-level governance
IV. Implementation of texts
V. Conclusions
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I. Analytical frameworkI. Analytical framework
2 levels of analysis
European institutions and actors participants + interaction with the European Commission
relationship with the Member States
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I. Research questionsI. Research questions
recent developments in the ESSD
how do players act and interact
within ESSD committees
with national constituencies
implementation of texts
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l. Methodologyl. Methodology
combination of methods
documentary search
databases (OSE)
‘representativeness studies’
interviews 45 semi-structured interviews
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II. Institutional developmentsII. Institutional developments
36 committees
with increasing visibility
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36 Sectoral Social Dialogue Committees36 Sectoral Social Dialogue Committees
- Agriculture- Audiovisual- Banking - Catering- Chemicalindustry- Civi l aviation- CleaningIndustry- Commerce-Construction-Electricity- Extractive -Industry-Football
- Footwear- Furniture- Gas- Horeca- Hospitals- Inland Waterways- Insurance- Local and regional Government- Personal services- Postal services- Private security- Railways- Road transport
- Sea fisheries- Sea Transport- Shipbuilding- Steel- Sugar- Tanning and leather- Telecommunications- Temporary agency work- Texti le and clothing- Woodworking
requests:- automotive industry- non-ferrous metals- cycling - sports
test (08-10):- public administration
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II. Institutional developmentsII. Institutional developments
more than 300 joint texts
plethora of texts > growing in nos.
majority of ‘common positions’ to
European institutions
no clear trend towards more binding
agreements (2% only !)
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SSD: Number of documents per type (1999-2007)
6
33
31
46 53 127
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220
agreements
Process-oriented text
Procedurals text
Joint opinions and tools
No subgroup Tools Declarations Joints opinions
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SSD: Number of documents by topic (1999-2007)
2
3
5
9
3
7
12
6
11
22
13
2
2
4
5
1
10
9
4
9
12
20
14
14
10
1
4
12
10
6
5
4
5
11
28
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Working time
Sustainable development
Non-discrimination
CSR - Corporate social responsability
Employment
Enlargement
Working conditions
Soc. Aspects of Community pol.
Health and safety
Training
Social dialogue
Economic and/or sectoral pol.
1999-2001 2002-2004 2005-2007
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II. Joint textsII. Joint texts
2 broad categories of documents
intended for the attention of European
or national public authorities (common
position)
addressed to the social partners
themselves (reciprocal commitments)
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4
22
24
43
7
25
28
32
2
21
30
57
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
Companies
European social partners
National organisations
European inst.& nationalauthorities
1999-2001 2002-2004 2005-2007
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III. Coordinating multi-level playersIII. Coordinating multi-level players
sectoral specificities prevail
growing interaction
between sectoral and cross-sectoral
social dialogue e.g. telework, violence at workplace
between sectors (crystalline sylica)
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III. Coordinating multi-level playersIII. Coordinating multi-level players
coordination with national members
heterogeneity of perimeters e.g. NACE demarcation
heterogeneity of roles social partners vs. trade associations
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III. Coordinating multi-level playersIII. Coordinating multi-level players
national players’ commitment in ESSD
various degrees of participation centre / periphery / absent
issues at stake
opportunities and constraints
human and financial resources
national IR context
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IV. Implementation of textsIV. Implementation of texts
implementation in MS “EU peak organisations have no power or authority to
enforce compliance…” (Keller 2003) process-oriented texts
implementation on a voluntary basis depend on
nature of text
national legal framework
maturity and level of experience in ESSD
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IV. Implementation of textsIV. Implementation of texts
categories of practical follow-up techniques
1) written survey among members
2) annual/periodic reports
3) task forces/working groups/plenary meetings
4) agreement on good practices
5) conferences/websites
6) new texts/new initiatives
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IV. Implementation of textsIV. Implementation of texts
follow-up procedures > problematic
lack of regular and systematic monitoring
lack of information on impact in MS
patchy information > patchy implementation?
yet: mutual learning and informal contacts
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V. ConclusionsV. Conclusions
from a quantitative perspective:
less than 2% of the texts adopted
are agreements with binding effect
only some texts are expected to have
measurable impact at national level
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V. ConclusionsV. Conclusions
each sector has its own specific dynamics
defining a common interest not only
represents a difficulty between trade unions
and employers
also involves much intra-organisational
negotiation
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V. ConclusionsV. Conclusions
implementation of texts relies on
the EU peak organisations
the goodwill of the national members
domestic institutional framework is a key
dimension for implementation at national
level (path dependency)
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V. ConclusionsV. Conclusions
growing interaction both between
the cross-industry and the sectoral level
and among sectors themselves
complex level linkages between the EU and national level
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V. ConclusionsV. Conclusions
dynamics at play are complex, multiple and opaque
dynamics differ from the traditional sector-level collective bargaining in the MS
multi-level/multi-actor
close cooperation with the EU institutions
numerous coordination processes
subtle forms of mutual learning
there is a multiplicity of activities and high degree of vitality
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http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/areas/industrialrelations/governance.htm
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