SOCIAL FORESTRY IN INDONESIA

By : Dede Rohadi (d.rohadi@cgiar.org)

Topics

• FOREST LAND USE SYSTEM• BRIEF HISTORY OF SOCIAL

FORESTRY• TYPES OF SOCIAL FORESTRY• LICENSING PROCEDURES• PROGRESS OF SOCIAL FORESTRY• PRIVATE FORESTRY

I N D O N E S I A

Central Government

Provincial Government

District Government

President&

Ministers

Governors&

Provincial Offices

Bupati/City Mayors&

District OfficesGov

ernm

ent S

truc

ture

s

Status of Forest Based on Law

41/1999

State Forest Area

Managed By Government,

HPH,HTI

Allocated to Community

Forestry

Non State Forest Area

Private Forest

Customary Forest

Forest by Function (MoF, 2013)

Forests Land = 127 million haNon Forests Land = 62 million ha

2212%

3016%

2915%28

15%

1810%

6233%

Conservation Forest

Protection Forest

Permanent Production Forest

Limited Production Forest

Convertible Production Forest

Non Forest Land

Brief History of Social Forestry• Tumpangsari (taungnya) system• 1978 : World Forestry Congress II in Jakarta “Forest

For People”• 1980s : Community Forestry (HKm or Hutan

Kemasyarakatan)• 2003 : Revitalization of Community Forestry = Social

Forestry• Social Forestry Schemes:

Community Forest (Hutan Kemasyarakatan/HKm) Community Based Plantation Forest (Hutan

Tanaman Rakyat/HTR) Village Forest (Hutan Desa/HD) Private Forest (Hutan Rakyat/HR)

Stat

us o

f for

est B

ased

on

Law

41

/199

9

State Forest AreaAllocated for Community

Forestry

HKM Hutan Kemasyarakatan(Community Forestry)

Hutan Desa(Village Forest)

HTR (Hutan Tanaman Rakyat) Community Plantation Forest

Collaborative forest management : e.g. PHBM in Perhutani,

PMDH by HPH/HTI

Non State Forest Area

Hutan rakyat(Smallholder Private Forest)

Hutan Adat (Customary Forest)

Social Forestry under the State Forest HKm = Hutan

KemasyarakatanHD = Hutan Desa HTR = Hutan

Tanaman Rakyat

Regulation Permenhut No. P. 37/2007 jo Permenhut No. P. 52/2011

Permenhut No. P. 49/2008 jo Permenhut No. P. 53/2011

Permenhut No. P. 55/2011

Location Production Forest

Protected Forest

Production Forest

Protected Forest

Production Forest

Main activities

NTFP NTFP NTFP NTFP Timber

Timber (additional license)

Timber (additional license)

Commercial crops, food crops

Right duration 35 years and can be extendedRight holders Farmer Group Village Business

OrganizationIndividualCooperative

The process of licensing:

1. Allocation of forest area at national level, done by MoF

2. Proposal of Forest User Groups to Bupati

3. Proposal of Bupati to MoF to issue Working Area Designation

4. Working Area Designation by MoF5. Bupati issue the HKM License to

Community  

Lampung

Aceh

East

Nusaten

ggara

West

Nusat

engg

ara

West

Kaliman

tan

Centra

l Sulaw

esi

Bengk

ulu

South Su

lawesi

east

Kaliman

tan

Yogy

akart

a

North Su

matera

South-Ea

st Su

lawesi Bali

-

5,000.00

10,000.00

15,000.00

20,000.00

25,000.00

30,000.00

35,000.00

29,555.64

15,647.00

11,336.83

8,509.19 6,165.00

3,129.55 1,762.75 1,579.00 1,400.00 1,238.15

200.00 160.00 150.00

Progress of HKM Area (MoF, 2013)

JambiBali

West KalimantanSouth SulawesiWest Sumatera

South SumateraSouth Kalimantan

East KalimantanCentral Sulawesi

0 5 10 15 20 25

22

7

6

3

2

1

1

1

1

JambiWest KalimantanSouth Sumatera

BaliWest Sumatera

East KalimantanSouth Sulawesi

South KalimantanCentral Sulawesi

- 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000

47,892

14,328

7,250

3,041

1,738

880

740

565

490

Progress of Hutan Desa (MoF, 2013)

Land allocation HTR Licence Planting area -

100,000.00

200,000.00

300,000.00

400,000.00

500,000.00

600,000.00

700,000.00

800,000.00

719,184.73

189,857.60

7,986.44

Progres of HTR program (MoF, 2014)

Hutan Rakyat (Smallholder timber plantations)

6

Practices of smallholder timber plantations

• Timber is planted mostly in agroforestry systems

• Timber plantations are mostly as additional source of income. Timber plays as household saving account.

• On harvesting, timber growers do slash for cash, they tend to be as price takers.

• Farmers investment in timber management generally are low.

• Timber produced from smallholder plantations is generally low in quality.

Value chain of smallholder timber

Individual

farmer

Farmer'sGroup

Informant

Middlemen

Sawmill

TimberDepot

Wood basedIndustry

Retailer Local Consumers

WoodWorkers

Exporter

Case of smallholder teak at Gunungkidul

End usersGrower Broker Processors Traders

Value chain of smallholder timber

No. Specification Gunung kidul

Pati Sumbawa Bulu kumba

Konawe Selatan

1 Wood species Teak Sengon Teak Teak; Bitti Teak

2 Price ranges:

a Farm gate, stumpage (Rp/m3)

850,000 400,000 800,000 800,000;650,000

No data

b Farm gate, squared plank, certified (Rp/m3)

- - - - 1,750,000

c Middlemen, log (Rp/m3)

2,500,000 675,000 - - -

d Middlemen, squared plank (Rp/m3)

- - 2,500,000 1,800,000 -

e Farmers group, squared plank, certified (Rp/m3)

1,650,000 500,000 - - 5.500,000

Illustration of smallholder’s log prices

Thank youLink ke video CBCF