social innovation: theoretical concepts and international...

Sozialforschungsstelle Dortmund Zentrale wissenschaftliche Einrichtung

Prof. Dr. Jürgen Howaldt

Social Innovation: Theoretical Concepts and International Trends


German-Brazilian Workshop on Social Innovation

Rio de Janeiro, October 4th 2016 1



“The tracks of international research on innovation demonstrate that the technology-oriented paradigm – shaped by the industrial society – does not cover the broad range of innovations indispensable in the transition from an industrial to a knowledge and services-based society: Such fundamental societal changes require the inclusion of social innovations in a paradigm shift of the innovation system.”

Vienna Declaration: The most relevant topics in social innovation research



A New Nature of Innovation” (OECD 2010)

3


Prof. Dr. Jürgen Howaldt 4


Prof. Dr. Jürgen Howaldt © European Union/The Young Foundation

2010

5

Social Innovation – First Insights from the Global Mapping

Mission: Extending knowledge about Social Innovation as a

driver of social change

• Integrating theories and research methodologies to advance understanding of SI leading to a comprehensive new paradigm of innovation.

• Undertaking European and global mapping of SI, thereby addressing different social, economic, cultural, historical and religious contexts in eight major world regions.

• Ensuring relevance for policy makers and practitioners through in-depth analyses and case studies in seven policy fields, with cross European and world region comparisons, foresight and policy round tables.

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 612870.

Prof. Dr. Jürgen Howaldt PAGE 6


1. Education 2. Employment 3. Environment and Climate Change 4. Energy Supply 5. Transport and Mobility 6. Health and Social Care 7. Poverty Reduction and Sustainable Development

Seven Major Policy Fields

7


Social Entrepreneurship,

Social Economy,

Local and Regional

Development,

Design Thinking,

(History of Social

Innovation)

Innovation Systems,

Transition research,

STS, Business

Innovation

Theories of Social Change,

Practice Theory, Development

Theories

Relationship between social innovation and social change

Social Theory


Building blocks towards a Theory of Social Innovation


Variety of approaches and conceptions

At the same time we find a lot of conceptual differences in the theoretical fields, not only with regard to the concept and understanding of (social) innovation but also regarding:

• the role of technologies,

• the main actors and drivers,

• the relationship to social change,

• the governance and framework conditions, and

• the significance of power and conflict.



PAGE 10

Social innovation is seen as a new combination or figuration of practices in areas of social action,

prompted by certain actors or constellations of actors

with the goal of better coping with needs and problems than is possible by use of existing practices.

An innovation is therefore social to the extent that it varies social action, and is socially accepted and diffused in society.

Depending on circumstances of social change, interests, policies and power, social ideas as well as successfully implemented SI may be transformed and ultimately institutionalised as regular social practice or made routine.

Social Innovation – Working Definition

SIERC 2016, Massey University, Auckland New Zealand – 11th of February 2016 Antonius Schröder / Jürgen Howaldt, TU Dortmund University - sfs

http://www.gore-tex.de/remote/Satellite?c=fabrics_cont_land_c&childpagename=goretex_de_DE/fabrics_cont_land_c/HomePageMidiEvolution&cid=1148660941001&pagename=SessionWrapper


Five Key Dimensions of Social Innovation


Process Dynamics

Potential Scope Impact

Mechanisms of diffusion:

Imitation, social learning, relationship to social change

Analyse the ambivalence of SI

Analytical concept: social practice

Capacity building, empowerment &

conflict

Functions, roles and new concepts

PAGE 11


PAGE 12

332

76

20

92

37

84 114

108

34

52

47 cases N/A

Region, where the initiative was implemented



Policy Fields the Initiative is Addressing

PAGE 13


PAGE 14

Type of Partners

Social enterprise

Network/group/individual

University/Research Institute

Private company

Public body, Ministry

NGO/NPO

126

139

189

616

684

721


Cross-Cutting-Themes the Initiatives are Addressing

Prof. Dr. Jürgen Howaldt, Kongress „Innovationen für die Gesellschaft“

5,7%

10,9%

17,4%

19,0%

32,9%

34,1%

42,1%

53,2%

62,4%

Other

Migration

Demographic Change

Governance

Gender/Equality/Diversity

ICT & Social Media

Social Enterpreneurship/Economy/Enterprises

Human Resources/Knowledge

Empowerment

N = 2.647

15


13,1%

1,6%

10,0%

12,9%

15,4%

26,2%

39,6%

Not further specified

Users as Funders

Users as Adapters

Users as Innovators

Co-Creators

Solution Provider

Knwoledge Provider

N = 442

Forms of User Involvement

16


Main Barriers

Other

Political Opposition

Competitors

Lack of Media Coverage

Lack of institutional access

Absence of Participants

Missing Political Support

Legal Restrictions

Knowledge Gaps

Lack of Personnel

Funding Challenges

32,1%

5,7%

6,3%

7,6%

10,4%

12,5%

14,1%

16,5%

17,5%

18,4%

51,7%

N=765

Prof. Dr. Jürgen Howaldt, Kongress „Innovationen für die Gesellschaft“ 17


Societal Level Addressed by the Initiative

Prof. Dr. Jürgen Howaldt, Kongress „Innovationen für die Gesellschaft“ 18


Challenge

Though there is a widespread recognition of

the need for social innovation, there is no

clear understanding of how social

innovation leads to (transformative) social

change of existing structures, policies,

institutions and behaviours.

We need to understand the conditions under

which social innovations develop, flourish

and sustain, and finally lead to social change.

19



“There is nothing more difficult to plan, more doubtful of success, nor more dangerous to manage than the creation of a new order of things… Whenever his enemies have the ability to attack the innovator, they do so with the passion of partisans, while the others defend him sluggishly, so that the innovator and his party alike are vulnerable.”

Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince (1513)

20

Picture: ???


Combine the potential of social innovation in the social economy, civil society, business firms and the state (Multi-level governance)

Promote alliances between universities, companies and the state around social innovation

Opening the process of innovation to society including all stakeholders in the development and diffusion of innovation

Empowering people: Include citizens, clients, social movements, communities in the process of social innovation

Innovation „bottom up“: learning from experiences of innovation research and business and public service innovation


Challenge Redraw the bounderies


Social Innovation

Civil Society

Public Sector

Economy

University/ Science / Research

Social innovation: The core of Social Change Development of new Alliances / Cross-sector Fertilization


Social innovation requires also appropriate social innovation policies.

Many social inventions are hindered by traditional approaches in public

policies.

If Europe wants to tackle the challenges as documented through its Strategy

for Smart, Inclusive and Sustainable Growth as well as its specific Flagship

Initiatives, policy makers need to understand how to involve and make use

of the participation of citizens to serve the public good.

Social Innovation Policies

23


The policy reports revealed the strong need for social innovation in the seven policy fields. But at the same time

“… policy field related documents of public authorities such as the European Commission, the United Nations, the OECD, the World Bank, etc. often do not refer to social innovations (exceptions are Horizon 2020 documents as well as publications of other DGs such as DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion and DG Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs). “

Source: Compiling report

Increasing Importance and Undeveloped Potential

PAGE 24


Social Innovation plays an important role in the Europe 2020 strategy

"Creativity and innovation in general and social innovation in particular are essential factors for fostering sustainable growth, securing jobs and increasing competitive abilities, especially in the midst of the economic and financial markets crisis."

25


ANSPE - Colombia’s National Agency to Overcome Extreme Poverty

ANSPE’s Center for Social Innovation brings together actors in order to generate innovative, pertinent, sustainable and scalable solutions to improve quality of life of the population living in extreme poverty

Partnership with local authorities, government institutions, social organizations and private sector

Development and financing of social innovation projects using public private partnerships

Strengthen promotion, diffusion and knowledge

Generating a favorable environment for Social Innovation

http

://pu

eblo

nu

evo-co

rdo

ba.go

v.co/ap

c-aa-files/3

66

33

36

637

353065

313230

38323

43466/an

spe.p

ng

http://www.anspe.gov.co/

27


High-Tech Strategy Federal Government – Innovations for Germany

„We employ a comprehensive term of innovation which covers not only technological but also social innovations, and we include society as main actor.“

„Especially, we need technological and social innovations leading to new services for new markets and which are characterized by societal benefit. Services require distinct patterns of innovation.“

„Social innovations can contribute to overcoming the challenges of societal and regional change.“

28


1985: Institute for Social Inventions, London

1986: Centre de recherche sur les innovations sociales, (CRISIS), Montreal

1990: Centre for Social Innovation (ZSI), Vienna

1995: Soziale Innovation GmbH, Dortmund

2000: Center for Social Innovation, Stanford University

2003: Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship, Oxford University

2004: Centre for Social Innovation (CSI), Toronto

2004: Institut für Sozialinnovation, Berlin

2005: Institute for Social Innovation, Solingen

2005: Young Foundation, London

2005: Award for Social Innovation, Vienna

2006: Netherlands Centre for Social Innovation (NCSI), Utrecht

2006: Centrum für soziale Investitionen und Innovationen, Heidelberg

2008: Social Innovation Exchange (SIX), Europe

Institutionalization of Social Innovation

29


2008: Master „Management of Social Innovations“, University Munich

2009: The Australian Centre for Social Innovation (TACSI), Adelaide

2009: Office of Social Innovation and Civic Participation, White House Office, Washington

2010: Social Innovation and Social Entrepreneurship Research Centre, New Zealand

2010: Center for Social Innovation and Entrepreneurship (CSIE), Madras

2011: Social Innovation Europe (SIE), Europe

2011: Waterloo Institute for Social Innovation and Resilience (WISIR), Waterloo

2011: Tilburg Social Innovation Lab (TiSIL), Tilburg

2012: Sinnergiak Social Innovation, San Sebastián

2012: Master of Arts in Social Innovation, Donau-Universität, Krems

2012: European School of Social Innovation, Vienna

2012: Center for Social Innovation, Bogotá

2012: Social Lab, Santiago de Chile (Buenos Aires, Montevideo, Bogotá, Mexiko-City)

…....

PAGE 30


PAGE 31

S


Global Research Community


“The most urgent and important innovations in the 21st century will take place in the social field. This opens up the necessity as well as possibilities for Social Sciences and Humanities to find new roles and relevance by generating knowledge applicable to new dynamics and structures of contemporary and future societies.”



www.sfs-dortmund.de [email protected]

http://www.sfs-dortmund.de/



social innovation: theoretical concepts and international...

Documents