social support social support is a type and degree of help that is provided from others to a person,...
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Social Support
• Social support is a type and degree of help that is provided from others to a person, group, neighborhood, city, organization, or community throughout the lifespan. There is a relationship between social support, maintenance of well-being, and the ability to manage crisis, illness, recovery, loss, or the influence of negative social determinants.
Emotional Appraisal Support Support
Informational InstrumentalSupport Support
Well- Being
& Recovery
Definitions of Social DeterminantsMethod Key Terms & Approach
Glasgow Gradient & Inverse Relationship
Whitehall Study Gradient & Frequency
Woolf & Braveman Root Cause & Upstream/Downstream Factors
South Australia Council Well being & Dahlgren’s Rainbow
WHO Policy Links & Ten Factors
Marmot 8 Defining Factors
RWJ Disparities & Knowledge of Policy/Decision Makers
Social DeterminantsWHO Factors Marmot and Wilkinson Dahlgren & Whitehead
Place on the gradient Poverty Housing
Stress Stress
Early life experiences Early life & life course
Social exclusion Labor market conditions Water & sanitation
Work environment Work environment Work environment
Unemployment Unemployment Unemployment
Social support Social support/cohesion Health care services
Addiction Education
Food Food supply Agriculture/food production
Transportation Transportation
Social determinants are multiple factors and conditions operating within a social environment that collectively influences the health status, behavior, choices, risks, and mortality of individuals and groups within a specific geographical area [nation, region, county, neighborhood, or community].
Davis, 2012
Social Determinants• Poverty
• Income & Wealth Distribution
• Employment - Unemployment
• Education
• Housing
• Social capital
• Isolation
• Discrimination
• Accessibility
Social Determinants• Availability
• Social status
• Crime
• Safety
• Functional social institutions
• Nutrition – availability of food
• Place on a social gradient
• Clean water
• Health/mental health literacy
Social Determinants• Recreation
• Public policies
• Population density
• Transportation
• Health insurance
• Trauma
Well- Being
Emotional AppraisalSupport Support
Informational InstrumentalSupport Support
Well-being &
Recovery
Social Determinants
Social Determinants Family Friends
Neighbors
Organizations
LeadersHistory & Tradition
Churches
Social Network/Capital
ProvidersMedia
Causes of Mortality
African American1990 2004
American Indian1990 2004
Asian American1990 2004
Euro-American1990 2004
Latino American1990 2004
Heart Disease 1 1 4 4 5 5 2 2 3 3Homicide 1 1 3 3 4 5 5 4 2 2Suicide 4 5 3 3 4 5 1 1 2 2CerebrovascularDisease
1 1 5 5 3 3 4 4 2 2
Malignancy 1 1 5 5 3 3 2 2 4 4Respiratory Disease
2 3 3 2 4 5 1 1 5 4
Influenza 1 1 3 3 4 5 2 2 5 4Liver Diseases 3 4 1 1 4 3 5 5 2 2Diabetes 1 1 2 2 5 5 4 4 3 3HIV/AIDs
1 1 5 3 4 5 3 5 2 2
Accidents 2 3 1 1 5 5 3 4 3 2
Table 2. Changes in Ranking of mortality by race, Hispanic origin, and year
No community or group chooses povertyNo community or group chooses hungerNo community or group chooses danger or fearNo community or group chooses early death or suicideNo community or group chooses homelessnessNo community or group chooses mental illnessNo community or group chooses diseaseNo community or group chooses crimeNo community or group chooses addictionNo community or group chooses drought!
My Working AssumptionsMy Working Assumptions