SocialismSocialism

Chapter 13, Section 5 NotesChapter 13, Section 5 Notes

Angst at Thanksgiving DinnerAngst at Thanksgiving Dinner► Everyone has that family member who’s crazyEveryone has that family member who’s crazy► Luckily in the Cicerchi household, we have a crazy aunt Luckily in the Cicerchi household, we have a crazy aunt

AND a crazy uncleAND a crazy uncle► They have some, um, interesting political philosophies They have some, um, interesting political philosophies

and two Thanksgivings ago the craziness began and two Thanksgivings ago the craziness began overflowingoverflowing

► The crazy aunt and uncle started talking about how the The crazy aunt and uncle started talking about how the workers of this country were being overrun and had to workers of this country were being overrun and had to take back the means of production from the ownerstake back the means of production from the owners

► Yes, they both live in the United StatesYes, they both live in the United States► The sane members of the family looked at each other like The sane members of the family looked at each other like

the aunt and uncle each had an extra piece of crazy cake the aunt and uncle each had an extra piece of crazy cake at dinnerat dinner

► Capitalism and democracy has done pretty well for Capitalism and democracy has done pretty well for America; the crazy aunt and uncle were talking about America; the crazy aunt and uncle were talking about socialismsocialism

The Rise of SocialismThe Rise of Socialism

► Inequality makes people question thingsInequality makes people question things► A few people became enormously rich but A few people became enormously rich but

most people became poor from the Industrial most people became poor from the Industrial RevolutionRevolution

► Amongst the poor were the workers, who Amongst the poor were the workers, who made the things factory owners got rich frommade the things factory owners got rich from

► Some reformers felt ownership and the Some reformers felt ownership and the operators of the means of production had to operators of the means of production had to change so wealth would be divided up more change so wealth would be divided up more evenlyevenly

The Rise of SocialismThe Rise of Socialism

►What is Socialism?What is Socialism?►Governments own the means of productionGovernments own the means of production► They did not believe competition was They did not believe competition was

essentialessential► Everyone, not just capitalists and factory Everyone, not just capitalists and factory

owners, had a right to share in the profitsowners, had a right to share in the profits► Utopian socialists thought that people could Utopian socialists thought that people could

live peacefully and work with each other in live peacefully and work with each other in small cooperative settlementssmall cooperative settlements

► Key person: Robert OwenKey person: Robert Owen He thought if people lived in a good environment He thought if people lived in a good environment

they would stop acting selfishlythey would stop acting selfishly

Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, and Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, and Marx’s Beautifully Wild Beard (p. Marx’s Beautifully Wild Beard (p.

373)373)► Marx believed utopian socialism was impractical Marx believed utopian socialism was impractical

and capitalism should be destroyedand capitalism should be destroyed► Marx believed all great changes in history had Marx believed all great changes in history had

come from changes in economic conditionscome from changes in economic conditions► Marx and Engels published Marx and Engels published The Communist The Communist

ManifestoManifesto in 1848 in 1848► ““The history of all hitherto existing society is the The history of all hitherto existing society is the

history of class struggles.” –The Communist history of class struggles.” –The Communist ManifestoManifesto

► Countries thought Marx was the crazy uncle as he Countries thought Marx was the crazy uncle as he was banished from several European countrieswas banished from several European countries

► Marx preached that each stage of history involved Marx preached that each stage of history involved inequality and struggle between property owners inequality and struggle between property owners and non-property ownersand non-property owners

Marx’s BeliefsMarx’s Beliefs

► All wealth is created by laborAll wealth is created by labor► In capitalism, labor receives only a small fraction of In capitalism, labor receives only a small fraction of

the wealth it creates (owners get most)the wealth it creates (owners get most)► Marx predicted the proletariat would forcibly Marx predicted the proletariat would forcibly

remove capitalists and seize power in industrialized remove capitalists and seize power in industrialized countriescountries

► Many Marxists believed the only way to establish Many Marxists believed the only way to establish governments that owned the means of production governments that owned the means of production and controlled all economic planning was through and controlled all economic planning was through violent revolution (this is called communism)violent revolution (this is called communism)

► Some Marxists believed socialism could develop Some Marxists believed socialism could develop gradually through education and democratic forms gradually through education and democratic forms of government (this is called democratic socialism)of government (this is called democratic socialism)

THE QuoteTHE Quote

►Karl Marx’s famous quote:Karl Marx’s famous quote:►““From each according to his abilities, From each according to his abilities,

to each according to his needs.”to each according to his needs.”►What do you think that means?What do you think that means?

Lastly…Lastly…► I want you to talk about reform laws, I want you to talk about reform laws,

labor unions, strikes and how they labor unions, strikes and how they influenced all of the different groups influenced all of the different groups we’ve talked aboutwe’ve talked about

►Why do the following matter? Bullet point Why do the following matter? Bullet point it in the next 5 minutes in your notebookit in the next 5 minutes in your notebook Factory OwnersFactory Owners Factory WorkersFactory Workers UtilitariansUtilitarians SocialistsSocialists CapitalistsCapitalists UnionsUnions StrikesStrikes