SOCIETY AND SOCIAL GROUPS

PRESENTED BY

MAYLAI LEW- ROLL NO. 29

KRISHNAJITH K S -ROLL NO. 28

JOYOSON MATHAI-ROLL NO. 30

SOCIETY

• “A society grows great when old men plant trees whose shade they know they shall never sit in.”

INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS A SOCIETY?The community of people living in a particular region and having shared customs, laws, and organizations.

A group of people related to each other through persistent relationship such as social status, role, network etc.

The word ‘society’ is derived from french word ‘societe’ which means fellowship.

TYPES OF SOCIETIES Tribal Societies

Horticultural societies

Agrarian societies

Feudal societies

Industrial societies

Post-industrial societies

TRIBAL SOCIETIES

Group of people occupying a contiguous territory, and having a feeling of unity derived from numerous similarities in culture, frequent contacts and certain community interests.

Different tribal groups have different occupations

HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES

Fruits and vegetables grown in garden plots that have been cleared from the jungle or forest provide the main source of food in a horticultural society.

AGRARIAN SOCIETIES

Agrarian societies use agricultural technological advances to cultivate crops over a large area.

Sociologists use the phrase agricultural revolution to refer to the technological changes that occurred as long as 8,500 years ago that led to cultivating crops and raising farm animals.

FEUDAL SOCIETIES

Feudalism was a form of society based on ownership of land.

Unlike today's farmers, vassals under feudalism were bound to cultivating their lord's land.

In exchange for military protection, the lords exploited the peasants into providing food, crops, crafts, homage, and other services to the landowner.

INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES

Industrial societies can be defined as a social system whose mode of production focuses primarily on finished goods manufacturing with the help of machines.

POST INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES

Postindustrial societies are societies dominated by information, services, and high technology more than the production of goods.

Advanced industrial societies are now seeing a shift toward an increase in service sectors over manufacturing and production.

NATURE OF SOCIETIES

Professional Societies

Charitable Societies

Economic Co-operative Societies

Religious And Cultural Societies

PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES

These societies are promoted by the professionals to enhance their profession and bring out a common code of conduct.

These societies are also termed as associations. It includes associations like :

CHARITABLE SOCIETIES

• These are non profit organizations to help the needy persons of the society.

• Sometimes they are also known as non government organizations financially supported by corporates and other philanthrophists .

ECONOMIC CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES

Economic Co-operative Societies includes many societies like housing, agro processing, credit, marketing etc which help their members in a particular trade , either through their own resources or from the government

It includes housing societies, co-operative banks etc

RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL SOCIETIES

• These societies are formed to revive and maintain specific cultures, traditions, and religious foundations.

Church associations

Temple trusts

ADVANTAGES OF A SOCIETY

It Promotes Teamwork

It Teaches Co-operation

It Teaches To Share And Care

It Brings In Synergy

It Provides A Balance Between Independence And Inter-dependence

SOCIAL GROUPS

In the social sciences a social group has been defined as two or more humans who interact with one another, share similar characteristics and collectively have a sense of unity.

TYPES OF SOCIAL GROUPS

Categorical group – Member of this group share particular

characteristics and a common identity.

Aggregate group – An aggregate is any collection of people who

are together in one place without interacting with one another.

TYPES OF SOCIAL GROUPS

Collective groups – These are temporary groups which are not

generally governed by established norms of the culture and are composed of people who share some kind of belief which motivates them to prepare for action.

Association group – This group is composed of people who join

together in an organized manner to pursue a common interest.

SOME SUCCESSFUL COOPERATIVES - CASE STUDY

1. The Study

• Panchayats and co-operatives were the most important institutions on which the success of the new experiments in

democratic decentralization was largely dependent.

• Keeping in view the role of these institutions in the implementation of development programmes, the PEO decided to undertake detailed examination of a few successful Panchayats/Co-operatives mainly to find out the factors responsible for their success.

• The result of these case studies were presented in two separate reports. The present report related to study of seven

co-operative societies located in different parts of the country.

CASE STUDY

• Nine Successful Panchayats were studied, the similar details thereof were Presented.

• The institutions were selected on the basis of some broad criteria.

• These were that they should have been in existence for a

reasonably long period, diversified their sphere of activity, raised

their volume of business, increased membership among different classes and yet retained the basic characteristics of the co-operative form of organisation.

CASE STUDY

2. objectives

i) To discover factors responsible for the success of cooperative societies.

ii) To study the relative position of the large and small Cooperative

Societies regarding the extent of coverage of families in their area of

operation, extent of promotion of thrift in the villages, and of supply

of credit to the weaker sections of the people.

CASE STUDY3. Sample Size/Criteria for selection of Sample

• The study was conducted on seven cooperative societies.

• Four among the best cooperative societies were selected in consultation with

Ministry-of Community Development' and Cooperation.

• The selection of the first four cooperatives was made in three stages viz., the State, the district and the institution. At every stage the selection was purposive. The additional best cooperatives were selected in consultation with the district officers of the State Govt.

• The final selection was confined to the institutions, on the basis of the data supplied by the field officers, showed better performance than others.

• Finally, the seven societies selected for the study were located in six states; 2 in Punjab and one each in Uttar Pradesh, Bombay, Mysore, Madras and Andhra Pradesh.

CASE STUDY5. Main Findings

1. All the societies were favourably located and enjoyed goodcommunication facilities such as pucca roads, frequent bus services andin some instances, railway service. Besides, some of them operated indistricts and areas where there was a vigorous cooperative movement

andor helpful central financial agency.

2. The social environment in which the seven societies wereworking did not show much uniformity. One society was functioning in avillage dominated by a single caste and another in a village where onecaste had a * bare majority of the population. The remaining societieswere functioning in multi-caste-villages.

3. The membership of most of the societies reflected onlybroadly the caste and occupational composition of the villages theyserved.

CASE STUDY4. Some of the societies had succeeded in spite of the presenceof factions in their villages. This was mainly due to factor. ofleadership. The selected societies were fortunate in this respect. Theirpresident, vice presidents and treasurers were known for their honestyand public service. The good leadership had checked the spread of virusof faction.

5. The selected societies owed their success in part to therelative prosperity of the villages and the areas where they weresituated., All but one were located in large villages with populationexceeding 5,000. Again most of them had been enjoying fairly extensiveirrigation facilities which had helped in bringing considerable areasunder cash crops.

6. The ultimate test of the success of a co-operative society,in particular as a commercial enterprise,- was found in the growth ofits business and the soundness of its finance. The selected societies satisfied this testfully.

CASE STUDY

7. Besides distribution of loans which was their primaryfunction, most of them had taken up other activities, e.g.

distributionof consumer and agricultural goods, simple processing

operations etc.

8. The factors finally responsible for the success of thesocieties had been efficient management, the service of a

trained orexperienced secretary and the conduct of the members of the

managingcommittee in repaying loans taken by them.

CONCLUSION

The existence of man is possible by society.

It is necessary to develop the feeling of self because with the help of this the person learn the characteristics of society and work accordingly and becomes a social animal.

The life of a man depends on social relations. Without society we cannot hope the security of his life.

Society controls his activities and secures his life through various relations.

Society not only provides security to the man but it is the main basis of his progress and development.

A PROJECT BY -

Krishnajith Sudhakaran [28]

May Lai Lew [29]

Joyoson Mathai [30]

THANK YOU