SOCIOLOGY of EDUCATIONSOCIOLOGY of EDUCATION

RACE AND RACIALIZED SOCIETY

ETHNICITY AND RACEETHNICITY AND RACE

Ethnic GroupsEthnic Groups members share certain beliefs, values, members share certain beliefs, values,

habits, customs and norms because of habits, customs and norms because of their common background; their common background;

Members of ethnic groups define Members of ethnic groups define themselves as different and special themselves as different and special

because of cultural features-this because of cultural features-this distinction may arise from distinction may arise from languagelanguage, ,

religionreligion, , historical experiencehistorical experience, , geographic geographic isolationisolation, , kinshipkinship or or racerace. .

Ethnicity(etc)Ethnicity(etc)

Ethnicity means Ethnicity means identification with, identification with, and feeling part of, and feeling part of, an ethnic group an ethnic group and exclusion from and exclusion from certain other certain other groups because of groups because of this affiliation this affiliation

Status/ascribed or achievedStatus/ascribed or achieved

Status-any position that determines Status-any position that determines where someone fits in a societywhere someone fits in a society

>ascribed status: people have little or >ascribed status: people have little or no choice about where they “fit” in a no choice about where they “fit” in a societysociety

>achieved status: how one fits in a >achieved status: how one fits in a society by virtue of traits, talents, society by virtue of traits, talents, actions, efforts, activities and actions, efforts, activities and accomplishmentsaccomplishments

HYPODESCENTHYPODESCENT

Automatically places the Automatically places the children of a union or mating children of a union or mating between members of different between members of different groups in the minority groupgroups in the minority group

Hypodescent divides Hypodescent divides American society into groups American society into groups that have been unequal in that have been unequal in their access to wealth, power their access to wealth, power and prestigeand prestige

RACERACE

long long separateseparated, d, geneticallgenetically-distinct y-distinct groups groups

DOES "RACE" EXIST? DOES "RACE" EXIST?

What is a cline?What is a cline?

RACE IN BRAZILRACE IN BRAZIL Phenotype-refers to an organism’s Phenotype-refers to an organism’s

evident traits, its “manifest evident traits, its “manifest biology”biology”

Along with much of Latin America, Along with much of Latin America, Brazil has less exclusionary Brazil has less exclusionary racialized categoriesracialized categories

Over 500 racial labelsOver 500 racial labels Branco(white), claro (light) , louro Branco(white), claro (light) , louro

(blond), mulato claro (light (blond), mulato claro (light mulatto), escuro (dark), preto mulatto), escuro (dark), preto (black), moreno escuro (dark (black), moreno escuro (dark brunet)brunet)

WHAT IS WHITENESS?WHAT IS WHITENESS?

Discrimination doesn’t Discrimination doesn’t followfollow from from differences, it differences, it createscreates them: them:

““People do not discriminate against People do not discriminate against groups because they are different; groups because they are different; rather, the act of discrimination itself rather, the act of discrimination itself constructs categories of difference constructs categories of difference that hierarchically locate people as that hierarchically locate people as ‘superior’ or ‘inferior’ and then ‘superior’ or ‘inferior’ and then universalizes and naturalizes such universalizes and naturalizes such differences.” differences.”

WHAT IS WHITENESS?WHAT IS WHITENESS? ““Whiteness is a Whiteness is a

sociohistorical sociohistorical form of form of consciousnessconsciousness””

““Whiteness” is a Whiteness” is a social social construction, but construction, but it is “embodied” it is “embodied” and it has real and it has real effects.effects.

WHAT IS WHITENESS?WHAT IS WHITENESS?

WHAT IS WHITENESS?WHAT IS WHITENESS?

““Whiteness constitutes Whiteness constitutes and demarcates and demarcates ideasideas, , feelingsfeelings, , knowledgeknowledge, , socialsocial practicespractices, cultural , cultural formations, and formations, and systems systems of intelligibilityof intelligibility that are that are identified with or identified with or attributed to “white attributed to “white people” and that are people” and that are invested in by people as invested in by people as ‘white’”‘white’”

WHAT IS WHITENESS?WHAT IS WHITENESS? ““Whiteness also Whiteness also

speaks to a speaks to a refusal to refusal to acknowledgeacknowledge how white people how white people are implicated in are implicated in certain social certain social relations of relations of privilege...a form privilege...a form of of social social amnesia”amnesia”