Sodium ImbalancesHypo and Hypernatremia

Defintion

Causes

Signs and

symptoms

Complications

Riskfactor

s

Management

most often found outside the cell, in the plasma (the non-cell part) of the

bloodstream.

It is a significant part of water regulation in the body

helps with electrical signals in the body, allowing muscles to fire and

the brain to work.

Sodium

Hypernatremia

Hyponatremia

Hypernatremia•Hypernatremia is defined as a serum sodium concentration greater than 145 mmol/L.

Hyponatremia•Hyponatremia is defined as a serum sodium concentration lower than 136 mmol/L.

Defintion

Causes

Signs and

symptoms

Complications

Riskfactor

s

Management

GI track losses• Diarrhea• vomiting• Impaired thirst sensation

Skin losses• Burns• Excessive sweating

Renal losses• Renal disease• Loop diuretics• Osmotic diuretics

Hypernatremia

Signs/ Symptoms and Complication

Confusion

Neuromuscular excitability

Seizure

Muscle cramps

Headache

Lethargy

death

GI track losses• Diarrhea• vomiting• Impaired thirst sensation

3rd space losses• Burns• Peritonitis• Rhabdomyolysis

Renal losses• Renal disease• diuretics• Mineral corticoid deficiencies

Hyponatremia

Signs/ Symptoms and Complication

Headache

Personality changes

Nausea and vomiting

Muscle twitching

tremors

coma

death

Defintion

Causes

Signs and

symptoms

Complications

Riskfactor

s

Management

Risk Factors

Elderly Patients

Burns

Pregnant women

Endocrine disorders

Heartfailure

Advance liver cirrrhosis

CKD

Defintion

Causes

Signs and

symptoms

Complications

Riskfactor

s

Management