HISTORY & DEVELOPMENT OF SOFTWARES

PRESENTATION

DATA COLLECTION, DATA WRITING, DATA ACTION & ROLE PLAYBY – SHAKTI.

DATA CO-ORDINATION, COORELATION, PROJECTORING, SCREENPLAY, ROLE PLAY & SOFTWARE GENERATION BY- AVINASH.

PRESENTATION

PRESENTING, EDITING, ANALYSING, SPL EFFECTS, SUMMARISING &DIRECTION & ROLE PLAYBY- RAJAT GUPTA. PRESENTATION

INTRODUCTION

COMPUTER SOFTWARE, OR JUST SOFTWARE, IS A COLLECTION OF COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND RELATED DATA THAT PROVIDE THE INSTRUCTIONS FOR TELLING A COMPUTER WHAT TO DO AND HOW TO DO IT.

SOFTWARE IS A SET OF : PROGRAMS PROCEDURES ALGORITHMS & ITS DOCUMENTATION

APPLICATION SOFTWARE - SUCH AS WORD PROCESSORS OR VIDEO GAMES, AND ERP SOFTWARE FOR GROUPS OF USERS. MIDDLEWARE CONTROLS AND CO-ORDINATES DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES DEFINE THE SYNTAX AND SEMANTICS OF COMPUTER PROGRAMS. EXAMPLE, MANY MATURE BANKING APPLICATIONS.

SYSTEM SOFTWARE INCLUDES OPERATING SYSTEMS.

TEST WARE IS SOFTWARE FOR TESTING HARDWARE OR A SOFTWARE PACKAGE. DEVICE DRIVERS CONTROL PARTS OF COMPUTERS SUCH AS DISK DRIVES, PRINTERS, CD DRIVES, OR COMPUTER MONITORS. PROGRAMMING TOOLS HELP CONDUCT COMPUTING TASKS IN ANY CATEGORY LISTED ABOVE.

Examples of computer software include:

SOFTWARE’S OVERVIEW

HISTORY

The first theory about software was proposed by Alan Turing in his 1935 essay Computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem (Decision problem). The term "software" was first used in print by John W. Tukey in 1958.

The term is often used to mean application software. In computer science and software engineering, software is all information processed by computer system, programs and data.

The academic fields studying software are computer science and software engineering.

SOFTWARE WAS BUNDLED WITH THE HARDWARE BY ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS (OEMS) SUCH AS DATA GENERAL, DIGITAL EQUIPMENT AND IBM. WHEN A CUSTOMER BOUGHT A MINICOMPUTER, (AT THAT TIME THE SMALLEST COMPUTER ON THE MARKET), THE COMPUTER DID NOT COME WITH PRE-INSTALLED SOFTWARE, BUT NEEDED TO BE INSTALLED BY ENGINEERS EMPLOYED BY THE OEM. COMPUTER HARDWARE COMPANIES NOT ONLY BUNDLED THEIR SOFTWARE, THEY ALSO PLACED DEMANDS ON THE LOCATION OF THE HARDWARE IN A REFRIGERATED SPACE CALLED A COMPUTER ROOM.

SOFTWARE GENERATIONS

FIRST GENERATION

•During the 1950's the first computers were programmed by changing the wires and set tens of dials and switches. One for every bit sometimes these settings could be stored on paper tapes that looked like a ticker tape from the telegraph

SECOND GENERATION

•the first generation "languages" were regarded as very user unfriendly people set out to look for something else, faster and easier to understand.The result was the birth of the second generation languages (2GL) at the mid of the 1950's

THIRD GENERATION•At the end of the 1950's the 'natural language' interpreters and compilers were made. But it took some time before the new languages were accepted by enterprises. •About the oldest 3GL is FORTRAN (Formula Translation) which was developed around 1953 by IBM. This is a language primarily intended for technical and scientific purposes. Standardization of FORTRAN started 10 years later, and a recommendation was finally published by the International Standardization Organization (ISO) in 1968.

FOURTH GENERATION

•A 4GL is an aid witch the end user or programmer can use to build an application without using a third generation programming language. Therefore knowledge of a programming language is strictly spoken not needed.

PRACTICAL COMPUTER SYSTEMS DIVIDE SOFTWARE SYSTEMS INTO THREE MAJOR CLASSES:

system software,

programming software &application software

System software: SYSTEM SOFTWARE PROVIDES THE BASIC FUNCTIONS FOR COMPUTER USAGE AND HELPS RUN THE COMPUTER HARDWARE AND SYSTEM.

IT INCLUDES A COMBINATION OF THE FOLLOWING:

DEVICE DRIVERSOPERATING SYSTEMSSERVERSUTILITIESWINDOW SYSTEMS

PROGRAMMING SOFTWAREPROGRAMMING SOFTWARE USUALLY PROVIDES TOOLS TO ASSIST A PROGRAMMER IN WRITING COMPUTER PROGRAMS, AND SOFTWARE USING DIFFERENT PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES IN A MORE CONVENIENT WAY.

THE TOOLS INCLUDE:

COMPILERSDEBUGGERSINTERPRETERSLINKERSTEXT EDITORS

APPLICATION SOFTWARE

APPLICATION SOFTWARE IS DEVELOPED TO AID IN ANY TASK THAT BENEFITS FROM COMPUTATION. IT IS A BROAD CATEGORY, AND ENCOMPASSES SOFTWARE OF MANY KINDS, INCLUDING THE INTERNET BROWSER BEING USED TO DISPLAY THIS PAGE. THIS CATEGORY INCLUDES:BUSINESS SOFTWARECOMPUTER-AIDED DESIGNDATABASESDECISION MAKING SOFTWAREEDUCATIONAL SOFTWAREIMAGE EDITINGINDUSTRIAL AUTOMATIONMATHEMATICAL SOFTWAREMEDICAL SOFTWAREMOLECULAR MODELING SOFTWAREQUANTUM CHEMISTRY AND SOLID STATE PHYSICS SOFTWARESIMULATION SOFTWARESPREADSHEETSTELECOMMUNICATIONS (I.E., THE INTERNET AND EVERYTHING THAT FLOWS ON IT)VIDEO EDITING SOFTWAREVIDEO GAMESWORD PROCESSING

WHAT IS A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE?

•A tool for instructing machines.•A notation for algorithms.•A means for communication among programmers.•A tool for experimentation.•A means for controlling computer-controlled gadgets.•A means for controlling computerized devices.•A way of expressing relationships among concepts.•A means for expressing high-level designs.

EARLY PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

Classic C

Simula

Pascal

Algol68

BCPL

Fortran

Lisp

COBOL

Algol60

PL\1

1950s: 1960s: 1970s:

MODERN PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

Object Pascal

C++

Java95

C#Ada98

C++98

Java04

C++0x

PythonLispSmalltalk

Fortran77

Ada

EiffelSimula67

COBOL89

PHP

C89

PERLVisual Basic

COBOL04 Javascript

STRATEGIES OR SOFTWARE TOPICS:

SOFTWARE ARCHIETECTURE (AS OPPOSED TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS, ANALOG COMPUTERS & SUPERCOMPUTERS).SOFTWARE DOCUMENTATION SO THAT THE END USER CAN UNDERSTAND THE PROGRAM.SOFTWARE LIBRARY INCLUDE COLLECTIONS OF FUNCTIONS AND FUNCTIONALITY.

SOFTWARE STANDARD FOR INSTANCE, AN EMAIL SENT FROM A MICROSOFT OUTLOOK SHOULD BE READABLE FROM YAHOO! MAIL AND VICE VERSA.EXECUTION (COMPUTING) EACH INSTRUCTION CAUSES THE COMPUTER TO CARRY OUT AN OPERATION .SOFTWARE QUALITY SOFTWARE QUALITY IS VERY IMPORTANT, ESPECIALLY FOR COMMERCIAL AND SYSTEM SOFTWARE LIKE MICROSOFT OFFICE, MICROSOFT WINDOWS AND LINUX.SOFTWARE LICENSE THE SOFTWARE'S LICENSE GIVES THE USER THE RIGHT TO USE THE SOFTWARE IN THE LICENSED ENVIRONMENT.SOFTWARE PATENT AND SOFTWARE PATENT DEBATE MAY NOT BE DUPLICATED BY OTHERS AND CONSIDERED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT DEPENDING ON THE SEVERITY.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT, COMPUTER PROGRAMMING, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING.

SOFTWARE'S FUNDAMENTALS”:

Portability is goodType safety is goodHigh performance is goodAnything that eases debugging is goodAccess to system resources is goodStability over decades is goodEase of learning is goodSmall is goodWhatever helps analysis is goodHaving lots of facilities is good

WHY DO WE DESIGN LANGUAGES & SOFTWARES?

There are many diverse applications areas--• No one language can be the best for everything

Programmers have diverse backgrounds and skills--• No one language can be best for everybody

Problems change--• Over the years, computers are applied in new areas

and to new problemsComputers change--• Over the decades, hardware characteristics and

tradeoffs changeProgress happens--• Over the decades, we learn better ways to design

and implement languages

REFERENCES^ "WORDREFERENCE.COM: WORDNET 2.0". PRINCETON UNIVERSITY, PRINCETON, NJ. RETRIEVED 2007-08-19.^ SOFTWARE..(N.D.). DICTIONARY.COM UNABRIDGED (V 1.1). RETRIEVED 2007-04-13, FROM DICTIONARY.COM WEBSITE: HTTP://DICTIONARY.REFERENCE.COM/BROWSE/SOFTWARE^ HALLY, MIKE (2005:79). ELECTRONIC BRAINS/STORIES FROM THE DAWN OF THE COMPUTER AGE. BRITISH BROADCASTING CORPORATION AND GRANTA BOOKS, LONDON. ISBN 1-86207-663-4.^JOHN TUKEY, 85, STATISTICIAN; COINED THE WORD 'SOFTWARE', NEW YORK TIMES, OBITUARIES, JULY 28, 2000 ^ TYING ARRANGEMENTS AND THE COMPUTER INDUSTRY: DIGIDYNE CORP. VS. DATA GENERAL^ "MSDN LIBRARY". RETRIEVED 2010-06-14.^ V. ENGELHARDT, SEBASTIAN (2008): "THE ECONOMIC PROPERTIES OF SOFTWARE", JENA ECONOMIC RESEARCH PAPERS, VOLUME 2 (2008), NUMBER 2008-045. (IN ADOBE PDF FORMAT)^ "WHY OPEN SOURCE IS THE OPTIMUM ECONOMIC PARADIGM FOR SOFTWARE" BY DAN KAMINSKY 1999 

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